Radiology Basics, Part V: Congenital Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Barbara Carey ◽  
Carol Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Abdominal Distention ◽  
Radiographic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
The Common

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) tract may involve any part of the primitive tube from the hypopharynx to the anus. Stenoses, atresias, duplications, and obstructions are among the common lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.1,2 These lesions can be differentiated on the basis of data from the history along with physical examination, clinical presentation, and radiographic imaging. Findings from the history and physical examination significant in making the diagnosis of GI obstruction may include: (1) polyhydramnios, (2) large gastric aspirates, (3) abdominal distention, (4) bilious or nonbilious emesis, and (5) failure to stool.1

scholarly journals Meckel’s diverticulum as a cause of intestinal obstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 (106(812)) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
I. Garrido-Márquez ◽  
C. Dávila-Arias ◽  
E. Moya-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽  
Meckel's Diverticulum ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Frequent Form

Meckel’s diverticulum is the commonest congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. It occurs due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric duct. Its diagnosis is usually incidental, but in approximately a third of cases, it produces symptoms due to complications. One of them is small bowel obstruction, which is the second most frequent form of presentation, so the knowledge of embryology, anatomy, clinical presentation and its imaging findings are important in order to perform a correct surgical treatment.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrick Babakhanlou
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Ligament Of Treitz ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Lower intestinal bleeding covers a spectrum of intestinal bleeding originating distal to the ligament of Treitz. In 11% of cases, the source of bleeding will be found in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Lower intestinal bleeding can occur either in the form of fresh blood, also known as haematochezia, or in the form of black, tarry and foul-smelling stools, also known as melaena. It can be chronic and mild or severe and life-threatening. This article will focus on the common causes of lower intestinal bleeding, clinical presentation, assessment and management, as well as providing guidance for referral to secondary care.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

A new multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 in a 6-year-old boy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pawłowska-Kamieniak ◽  
◽  
Milena Wronecka ◽  
Natalia Panasiuk ◽  
Karolina Kasiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Royal College ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
And Child Health

In December 2019, China reported cases of infections caused by a new zoonotic coronavirus, which gradually developed into a pandemic. The disease was initially believed to be mild in children. In April 2020, a possible relationship between a new paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 was found. In May, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health published the criteria for the diagnosis of this new disease. We present a case of a 6-year-old boy retrospectively diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome based on medical history, physical examination, laboratory and imaging findings, as well as the available literature.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Virus Manifestations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
André Jefremow ◽  
Markus F. Neurath
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Lung Failure ◽  
Novel Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> About 1 year ago a novel virus – SARS-CoV-2 – began to spread around the world. It can lead to the disease COVID-19, which has caused more than 1 million deaths already. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> While it was first recognized as a disease leading to pneumonia and lung failure, we know by now that COVID-19 is more complex. COVID-19 is a systemic hyperinflammatory disease affecting not only the lungs, but also many other organs. Especially the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is often involved in COVID-19. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> This review provides an overview of the different affected organs of the GI tract and offers information on how gastroenterologists should take care of their patients with different GI disorders.

The OMT Classification of Congenital Anomalies of the Hand and Upper Limb

Hand Surgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Tonkin ◽  
Kerby C. Oberg
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Main Group ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Scientific Committee ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Thumb Duplication ◽  
The Common

The Oberg, Manske and Tonkin (OMT) Classification of congenital anomalies of the hand and upper limb uses dysmorphological terminology, placing conditions in one of three groups: Malformations, Deformations and Dysplasias. The main group, Malformations, is further subdivided according to whether the whole of the limb is affected or the hand plate alone, and whether the primary insult involves one of the three axes of limb development and patterning or is non-axial. The common surgical diagnoses, such as thumb duplication and thumb hypoplasia, are then placed within this framework. Recently the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand Scientific Committee for Congenital Conditions approved the OMT Classification as a timely and appropriate replacement of the previously accepted Swanson Classification. This review charts the development of and modifications to the OMT Classification and its current status.

scholarly journals Metastatic Melanoma Presenting as Intussusception in an 80-Year-Old Man: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Alghamdi ◽  
Yumna Omarzai
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncommon Neoplasm

Malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon neoplasm that could be primary or metastatic. Small intestine represents the most common site for the metastatic melanoma; however, it could be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults compared to children. In 90% of the cases, the underlying cause can be found, and in 65% of the cases, intussusception is caused by the neoplastic process. The majority of the neoplasms are benign, and about 15% are malignant. Metastatic melanoma is one of the most common metastatic malignancies to the gastrointestinal tract; however, the premortem diagnosis is rarely made. Here, we report an uncommon clinical presentation of metastatic melanoma causing intussusception in an 80-year-old man. This diagnosis should be considered in a differential diagnosis in any patient who presents with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of melanoma.

Novel Route of Sirolimus Administration in a Neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley B. Clark ◽  
Indira Chandrasekar ◽  
Jennee Nickleson
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Intestinal Lesion ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Enteral Administration

A term newborn presented with widespread cutaneous erythematous to bluish lesions since birth. He had extensive lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, brain, retina, heart, and bones. He also developed an intestinal perforation due to erosion of an intestinal lesion. Due to his critical status and clinical presentation, he was initially diagnosed with multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia (MLT), and sirolimus treatment was initiated. Sirolimus was given by buccal route in this nonfeeding patient. Therapeutic serum levels were obtained comparable to enteral administration. Buccal mucosa was an effective novel route of sirolimus administration in this patient.

Prionopathies and Prionlike Protein Aberrations in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurographics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
K.N. Anderson ◽  
W.B. Overcast ◽  
J.R. Brosch ◽  
B.D. Graner ◽  
M.C. Veronesi
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Amyloid Pet ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neuro Imaging

Protein misfolding has been an area of intense research and is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Key proteins in the brain lose their native ability to fold and instead assume abnormal conformations. Misfolded proteins cluster to form pathologic aggregates, which cause cellular dysfunction, neuronal death, and neurodegeneration. The prionopathies are best known among the neurodegenerative diseases for their ability to misfold, self-propagate, and infect other organisms. There is increasing evidence of a rationale for a prionlike mechanism of spread of other neurodegenerative diseases through a similar seeding mechanism. In this review, we detail the role of a key protein aberration known to the various prion diseases, including sporadic, variant, and iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; variably protease-sensitive prionopathy; Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease; fatal familial insomnia; and kuru. We also discuss the clinical presentation, the available, and emerging imaging options for these diseases. In the second part of this review, we delineate how a prionlike seeding process may be driving the progression of other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and Huntington disease. A discussion of clinical presentation and imaging features of these example diseases follows to make a case for a common approach to developing imaging biomarkers and therapies of these diseases.Learning Objective: Upon completion of this article, one should be able to describe the various types of prion diseases, recognize and identify the common the neuro-imaging findings in prion diseases, describe seeding mechanism of prion disease, list the common amyloid PET tracers used for Alzheimer’s disease, and list common imaging biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.

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