scholarly journals LONG-TERM SEDIMENT BIOASSAY OF LEAD TOXICITY IN TWO GENERATIONS OF THE MARINE AMPHIPOD ELASMOPUS LAEVIS, S.I. SMITH, 1873

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Ringenary ◽  
Alan H. Molof ◽  
John T. Tanacredi ◽  
Martin P. Schreibman ◽  
Konstantinos Kostarelos
Keyword(s):  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Bioassay ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Marine Amphipod

Long-Term Sediment Bioassay of Lead Toxicity in Two Generations of the Marine Amphipod Elasmopus laevis (S. I. Smith, 1873)

2007 ◽  
Vol preprint (2007) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mark Ringenary ◽  
Alan Molof ◽  
John Tanacredi ◽  
Martin Schreibman ◽  
Konstantinos Kostarelos
Keyword(s):  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Sediment Bioassay ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Marine Amphipod

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Pohl
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Classical Culture

When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.

Structural, Psychological, and Socioemotional Factors That Determine Innovation Decisions in Family Firms

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
Jessica Mendoza Moheno ◽  
Martín Aubert Hernández Calzada ◽  
Blanca Cecilia Salazar Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Business Firm ◽  
Socioemotional Wealth ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Fiber Dimensions

This chapter explores the structural, psychological, and socioemotional factors in innovation in a funeral home in Mexico and analyzes the firm's stage in the innovation process. This qualitative study examines socioemotional wealth through the FIBER dimensions and the stage in the innovation process through the Readiness for Innovation in Family Firms (RIFF) framework. The findings suggest that socioemotional wealth has not allowed the implementation of governmental bodies. The existence of two generations in management has allowed the firm to take advantage of the knowledge and experience of the old generation and the skills of the young generation to continue innovating in products, processes, and services. The firm has the willingness and ability to adopt innovation, although SEW's accumulated endowment has limited long-term innovations as the expansion of the business to other states. This chapter addresses the Arriaga Group case study, a well-known family business firm in Hidalgo, Mexico.

The Race to Forget? Bi-racial Descendants of the First Rhineland Occupation in 1950s West German Debates about the Children of African American GIs*

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-539
Author(s):  
Julia Roos
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Compulsory Sterilization ◽  
German Children ◽  
First World

Abstract After the First World War, the German children of colonial French soldiers stationed in the Rhineland became a focal point of nationalist anxieties over ‘racial pollution’. In 1937, the Nazis subjected hundreds of biracial Rhenish children to compulsory sterilization. After 1945, colonial French soldiers and African American GIs participating in the occupation of West Germany left behind thousands of out-of-wedlock children. In striking contrast to the open vilification of the first (1920s) generation of biracial occupation children, post-1945 commentators emphasized the need for the racial integration of the children of black GIs. Government agencies implemented new programmes protecting the post-1945 cohort against racial discrimination, yet refused restitution to biracial Rhenish Germans sterilized by the Nazis. The contrasts between the experiences of the two generations of German descendants of occupation soldiers of colour underline the complicated ways in which postwar ruptures in racial discourse coexisted with certain long-term continuities in antiblack racism, complicating historians’ claims of ‘Americanization’ of post-1945 German racial attitudes.

scholarly journals Breeding performance in captivity of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) from decline- and increase-phase populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1561-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mihok ◽  
Rudy Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Prior Experience ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Decline Phase ◽  
The Poor ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Two Generations

A major enigma in understanding microtine cycles is the failure of decline-phase animals to increase. We compared the performance of wild-caught meadow voles and their progeny from Pinawa, Manitoba, collected from a decline year (1985) with that of animals from an increase year (1986) by breeding them in the laboratory in Pinawa (animals from both years) and in the field and laboratory in Toronto (only F1 and F2 animals from 1985). Overall only 35% of the 1985 females or their progeny bred in the laboratory in Pinawa compared with 100% of the 1986 females. The interval between pairing with a male and birth of litters was 2–7 months for the 1985 females compared with 3–4 weeks for the 1986 females. The poor breeding performance of 1985 females occurred only in the laboratory; in small field enclosures in Toronto all F1 and F2 females conceived and had litters within 3–4 weeks. In contrast, 1985 males readily sired litters either with 1986 females in the laboratory or with Toronto females in the field. We conclude that the prior experience of decline-phase females had long-term detrimental consequences for the performance of the first two generations under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Studying of the remote effects of the action on the organism of rats of the compaund from the class benzothiadiazinones

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 986-989
Author(s):  
Valery N. Rakitskii ◽  
Tatiana M. Epishina ◽  
Elena G. Chkhvirkiya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
The State ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Technical Product ◽  
Two Generations

Introduction. Currently, many xenobiotics are widely used in industry and agriculture, which can cause serious disorders of pregnancy and fetal development. In this regard, the study of the effect of pesticides on embryogenesis in experiments on laboratory animals is a mandatory stage of sanitary and Toxicological research. The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of a compound of the class of benzothiadiazinones for the assessment of embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, as well as reproductive toxicity by the method of two generations, with repeated oral intake of it into the body of warm-blooded animals (rats), establishing the levels of inactive doses for parents and offspring, and determining the hazard class. Material and methods. The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects were evaluated in female and male rats with a bodyweight of 230-240 g at the beginning of the study. Tested doses: 40.0; 100.0 and 250.0 mg / kg body weight (1 control and 3 experimental groups, 15 individuals each). Mating of females was performed with intact males in a ratio of 2:1. the Compound was introduced during 20 days of pregnancy. In the dynamics of the experiment, the state and behavior of rats, water and feed consumption, and changes in body weight were observed. The analysis of embryonic material took into account: the absolute and relative mass of internal organs (thymus, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys), to determine the teratogenic effect, a group of fruits (1/3) was fixed in Buena fluid and used to study internal organs using the Wilson method modified by Dyban the remaining 1/3 of the fetuses was fixed in ethanol to study the state of the skeleton using the Dawson method. When studying the reproductive toxicity of benzothiadiazinones in mammals (rats) using the method of two generations at doses of 15.0; 50.0 and 200.0 mg/kg of body weight (1 control and 3 experimental groups, 20 individuals each). Female F0 of the parent generation was primed during the mating period, pregnancy, and continued until the end of the feeding of the F2 generation. Mating 2:1. Results. Based on the results of studying the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, invalid doses were established at the following levels: Noel for the mother - 100.0 mg/kg of body weight; Noel for embryotoxicity - 100.0 mg/kg of body weight; NOEL for teratogenicity-100.0 mg/kg of body weight. Results on the study of reproductive activity: NOEL for parents and offspring-50.0 mg/kg of body weight. Discussion. Studies on the effects of a long-term action of a technical product - “generic”, belonging to the class of benzothiadiazinones, found the studied compound for teratogenic, embryotoxic effects, as well as for its effect on reproductive toxicity, in accordance with the hygienic classification of pesticides by hazard (SanPiN 1.2.2584-10)to be a moderately dangerous compound (hazard class 3). Studied product class benzothiadiazinones on toxicological parameters are identical with the technical product is “originator”. Conclusion. Thus, the research shows that it is necessary to study the effects of long-term action of xenobiotics on the mammalian body when conducting sanitary and toxicological studies, to increase the reliability of the developed hygiene standards in environmental objects and food products.

THE ROLE OF INNOVATION LEADERS IN DEVELOPING LONG-TERM PRODUCTS

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN TOPALIAN
Keyword(s):  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Management Of Innovation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Continuous Stream

Leadership and innovation attract increasing attention as business enterprises enter the 21st century. There is a considerable volume of published material on both these topics, yet virtually nothing on the contribution of innovation leaders to the effective management of innovation. A prime duty of innovation leaders is to deliver a continuous stream of profitable innovations over time, by harnessing internal and external resources. This paper explores the role of these individuals in evolving a more systematic approach to enhance innovative performance within their organisations. The perspective adopted is that of radical step change required when planning "long-term" products and services that are at least two generations ahead of those currently on the market. For most organisations, this represents a planning horizon of at least ten years. The discussion draws on the findings of a research survey carried out in the United Kingdom for the British Standards Institution which guided the content of the new British Standard BS7000 Part 1 Guide to Managing Innovation.

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