scholarly journals Effect of Spirulina platensis Supplementation by Different Concentration in Diet on Red Color Intensity of Kohaku Koi (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
O. Carman ◽  
F. Fitriyati
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
High Price ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Red Color ◽  
And Control ◽  
Patch Length

<p>Kohaku koi (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) is one of the fancy koi that has a high price.  Red color intensity of kohaku determines its market price.  This study was performed to verify the effect of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> supplementation in diet  with different dosages (1, 3 and 5%) on red color intensity of kohaku koi.  The result of study show that inclusion of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> in the diet increased intensity of koi color.  Feeding with  1% of <em>Spirulina platensis</em> enriched paste diet for 5 weeks resulted in  a brighter red color compared to other treatments and control.   Alteration of red color intensity has not been followed by its patch length.  No effect of <em>Spirulina</em> supplementation on koi growth by weight and length were observed.</p> <p>Keywords: <em>Spirulina platensis</em>, color, kohaku, koi, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Ikan koi kohaku (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em> L) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan koi yang memiliki harga tinggi.  Kecerahan warna merah ikan koi kohaku menentukan harga jualnya.  Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan <em>Spirulina platensis</em> in the diet dengan dosis berbeda (1, 3 dan 5%) terhadap kualitas warna merah koi kohaku.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan <em>Spirulina platensis</em> melalui pakan dapat meningkatkan kualitas warna pada ikan koi. Pemberian pakan berupa pasta yang diperkaya dengan <em>Spirulina platensis</em> sebanyak 1% selama 5 minggu menghasilkan warna merah lebih cerah dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dan kontrol. Perubahan warna yang terjadi tidak diikuti oleh perubahan panjang bercak warnanya. Penambahan <em>Spirulina</em> pada pakan tidak berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan berat dan panjang ikan koi.</p> <p>Kata kunci: <em>Spirulina platensis</em>, warna, kohaku, koi, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em></p>

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilisers and farmyard manure on grain and straw yield, quality and economical parameters of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Milan Vach ◽  
Zdeněk Abrhám ◽  
Ladislav Mensik ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technological Methods

In the years 2011–2014, winter wheat grain yield, qualitative and economic parameters were evaluated according to different fertiliser treatments: (1) control: unfertilised treatment; (2) farmyard manure (FYM) and (3) FYM + NPK (farmyard manure applied together with mineral NPK). The highest yields (8.10 t/ha) were recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment, while significantly lower yields (6.20 t/ha and 5.73 t/ha) were recorded in FYM and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, statistically significantly higher values of the quality parameters were found in the FYM + NPK treatment (13.55% of crude protein content and 43.56 mL of Zeleny’s sedimentation test), compared to control (10% and 22.44 mL, respectively). The modelling expert system (AGROTEKIS-Crop Technology and Economy) was used for the evaluation of economy. This software is based on technological methods of cultivation and norms of material input costs and costs of individual mechanised works. The economic benefits and profitability were evaluated for three different levels of grain market price. The highest gross profit per ha was recorded in the FYM + NPK treatment. According to the gross profit, the control treatment provided better results than the FYM treatment.

scholarly journals An Experimental Analysis of Price Formation on the Polish Power Exchange

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Ewa Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Financial Supervision ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
And Control

Abstract The Polish energy market gained its competitive character in late 1990s. At that time in majority of European countries a new law was enacted (in Poland – in 1987), which enabled the creation of internal energy markets. The Polish Power Exchange has been functioning since the end of 1999. However, from the very onset it has constituted a vital component of under grounding liberalization of electricity market. Since it was created the Polish Power Exchange has served as a market mechanism for setting objective energy market price. Support and control of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority guarantee the security of concluded transactions. The spot energy market was created as the first one and has functioned according to the rule of the double auction. The model of Sadrieh will be used for the description of the auction rules applied to the spot energy trade on the Polish Power Exchange. Furthermore, an algorithm on the basis of which it is possible to forecast transaction prices is presented. The effectiveness of this algorithm will be compared with other traditional methods of forecasting transaction prices.

scholarly journals Fungsionalisasi Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Tradisional PRIMKOPTI Jakarta Barat Sebagai Media Tumbuh Spirulina platensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Noriko
Keyword(s):  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Green Color

Tofu industry produce organic waste in the form of liquid and solid. But, most of the industry cast away its waste to the surroundings directly without any processes before and contaminate the environment. One way out to solve this problem is by functionalizing the liquid waste as growth media of Spirulina platensis. In this research, exemic culture method with independent microalgae is used. Based on the result of the research, the optimal  growth of Spirulina platensis  if  cultured in 10% concentration of liquid waste with 4:6 comparison (400 ml Spirulina platensis : 600 ml tofu liquid waste). It is indicated by green color intensity of Spirulina platensis.

18. Abuse of dominance (2): pricing practices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Whish ◽  
David Bailey
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Single Market ◽  
High Price ◽  
Parallel Imports ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Abuse Of Dominance ◽  
Article 102 Tfeu ◽  
The Eu

This chapter considers abusive pricing practices under Article 102 TFEU and the Chapter II prohibition in the Competition Act 1998. It discusses cost concepts used in determining whether a price is abusive and deals with excessive pricing; conditional rebates; bundling; predatory pricing; margin squeeze; price discrimination; and practices harmful to the single market. Price discrimination may be both exploitative and exclusionary and an excessively high price may be a way of preventing parallel imports or excluding a competitor from the market; but the division may provide helpful insights into the way in which the law is applied in practice. In each section the application of Article 102 by the European Commission and the EU Courts is considered, followed by cases in the UK. Where appropriate, reference is made to the Commission’s Guidance on the Commission’s Enforcement Priorities in Applying Article [102 TFEU] to Abusive Exclusionary Conduct by Dominant Undertakings.

scholarly journals Integrated Process Design and Control for Smart Grid Coordinated IGCC Power Plants Using Economic Linear Optimal Control

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Sofia Garcia Fracaro ◽  
Donald J. Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
High Price ◽  
Linear Optimal Control ◽  
And Control

The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) possesses a number of advantages over traditional power generation plants, including increased efficiency, flex-fuel, and carbon capture. A lesser-known advantage of the IGCC system is the ability to coordinate with the smart grid. The idea is that process modifications can enable dispatch capabilities in the sense of shifting power production away from periods of low electricity price to periods of high price and thus generate greater revenue. The work begins with a demonstration of Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) as a strategy to determine the dispatch policy by directly pursuing the objective of maximizing plant revenue. However, the numeric nature of EMPC creates an inherent limitation when it comes to process design. Thus, Economic Linear Optimal Control (ELOC) is proposed as a surrogate for EMPC in the formulation of the integrated design and control problem for IGCC power plants with smart grid coordination.

scholarly journals Photoselective Protective Netting Improves “Honeycrisp” Fruit Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Sara Serra ◽  
Stefano Borghi ◽  
Giverson Mupambi ◽  
Hector Camargo-Alvarez ◽  
Desmond Layne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
And Control

High temperatures, wind, and excessive sunlight can negatively impact yield and fruit quality in semi-arid apple production regions. Netting was originally designed for hail protection, but it can modify the light spectrum and affect fruit quality. Here, pearl, blue, and red photoselective netting (≈20% shading factor) was installed in 2015 over a commercial “Cameron Select® Honeycrisp” orchard. Our research objectives were to (1) describe the light quantity and quality under the colored nets compared to an uncovered control and (2) investigate the effect of Photoselective nets on “Honeycrisp” apple quality for two growing seasons. Light transmittance and scattering for each treatment were measured with a spectroradiometer, and samples for fruit quality analyses were collected at harvest. PAR (photosynthetic active radiation), UV, blue, red, and far-red light were lower underneath all netting treatments compared to an uncovered control. The scattered light was higher under the pearl net compared to other colors, while red and far-red light were lower under the blue net. For two consecutive years, trees grown under the photoselective nets intercepted more incoming light than the uncovered trees with no differences among the three colors. In both years, trees under red and blue nets had more sunburn-free (clean) apples than pearl and control. Red color development for fruit was lower when nets were used. Interestingly, bitter pit incidence was lower underneath red nets for both years. Other than red color development, “Honeycrisp” fruit quality was not appreciably affected by the use of netting. These results highlight the beneficial effect of nets in improving light quality in orchards and mitigating physiological disorders such as bitter pit in “Honeycrisp” apple.

Analysis on Factors to Cause the Price Change of Building Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 668-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Jian Huan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Price Theory ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Bid Price ◽  
Engineering Cost ◽  
And Control

Building material cost accounts for about 65% of the engineering cost, and some even reach more than 75% in the current formation of the construction installation engineering cost in our country, so the price of materials determines the engineering cost to a great extent. It is essential for proprietor to master the price fluctuations of building materials to control engineering cost, and it is also important for contractor to determine the bid price. According to the market price theory and the basic characteristic of the building materials, this paper analyses and summarizes the influencing factors of building materials price changes, and provides some reference basis for the parties of building to give a investment decision and control cost.

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