scholarly journals Human resource aspect of agricultural economy – challenges of demographic change

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Alexandra Rajczi ◽  
Péter Vörös ◽  
Krisztina Dajnoki
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Jel Code

Over the past decades, the agrarian policy has tried to contribute to the catching-up of the rural areas with varying dynamism and aid scheme. However, its result is significantly below expectations. Nowadays, the age composition of the population living in rural areas reveals an unfavourable picture; the rate of the elderly, deprived persons and people being inactive from the aspect of employment is high and it is also combined with the low educational levels. The young generations and intellectuals leave the rural areas and, consequently, the rate of the active population continues to grow narrow as well as the proportion of young and skilled employees decreases. As a consequence of changes in the past decades, the rate of agricultural employment has not led to an intensive change but a failing change in extensive direction which lays off jobs. Nowadays, this process also determines the Hungarian rural society. In the sector, the need for employment diminishes as a result of the development in technology and due to the expansion of services sector. The purpose of our study is to present and analyse the human resources of our country’s agriculture by skill level and age group and compare it with the needs of companies, by doing this we try to compare supply and demand. In details, based on secondary data source, we investigate the agricultural labour force and try to confront it with the advertisements of job search portals (three of our job search portals based on our predefined criteria), by which we achieve a current picture of the agricultural human resource circumstances. JEL Code: J43

scholarly journals Informal Economy and Poverty in Urban Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Dipak Bahadur Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Employment Education

Informal sector plays a crucial role in employing a significant part of the economically active population of Nepal. The Nepal Labour Force Survey(NLFS) - 2017/18 has estimated around 62 percent of people to be currently employed in the informal sector. It is estimated that there are 84.6 percent of the currently employed who are informally employed in all industries as compare to formal employment 15.4 percent in Nepal. Employment is the main source of income of poor people which is still considered to be the most effective vehicle to take them out of poverty. People of rural areas are gradually coming to urban areas. So, economic growth and structural changes are increasingly linked to urbanization process. More people will live in urban settlements than in rural areas. Metropolitan cities of Nepal like Lalitpur can offer the lure of better employment, education, and healthcare and they also contribute disproportionately to the economy of the country. However, rapid urban expansion is often associated with poverty and rapid growth of informal sector urban area.

scholarly journals Some Findings about the Unemployed Highly Educated Persons in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan ◽  
Syed Zahid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Unemployed

Two aspects of the problem of the unemployed educated persons are discussed in this essay. Firstly, the magnitude and incidence of the unemployment of such persons are examined. One point that becomes apparent from looking at the secondary data is that the bulk of the educated unemployed persons have been among those less than thirty years of age. Thus it appears that, at least in the past, most of the highly educated persons eventually got absorbed in the labour force. Secondly, in the light of the above, the important problem that comes to the fore is that of waiting. The results of an analysis of survey data, particularly on this dimension of the unemployment of the educated, have been reported here.

scholarly journals Development of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Czech Republic over the Years 2005–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvouletý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Age Cohort

Although there is a rich debate about entrepreneurship and its impact on economic development, much less is known about the actual levels of entrepreneurial activity. The main aim of the article is, thus, to map the level of entrepreneurial activity in the Czech Republic, its structure, and development during the years 2005–2017. The study is based on the secondary data obtained from national structural business statistics, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and the Labour Force Survey. The average rate of entrepreneurial activity in the Czech Republic was 15.2% of the economically active population aged 15–64 years during the analysed period. The activity is dominated by solo-self-employed workers (own-account workers). Job creators represent only 3.2% of the economically active population. Patterns and cohorts of entrepreneurs were identified regarding gender, age, and education. There were 2.5 times more self-employed males compared to females for the past years, and the proportion of job creators is also higher for males. The Czech job creators are on average older (mostly represented in age cohort 40–49 years) compared to solo-self-employed (mainly represented in age cohort 35–44 years) and they have obtained tertiary education to a larger extent. Classification and monitoring of the Czech entrepreneurial activity might serve as an overview for Czech policymakers and regional scholars. Especially from a job creation perspective, it might be very relevant to understand the characteristics of those individuals who employ other workers, aside from themselves. From an international perspective, this study might serve as an inspiration to shed more light on the national levels of entrepreneurship and self-employment.

scholarly journals Dentists in Nepal: A Situation Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Sujita Shrestha ◽  
Nischal Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Health Human Resource ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Human resource data is essential for planning and implementation of health care delivery system. However, very few information is available on dental health human resource in the country. The aim of study was to assess the number of dentists in the country and to explore their distribution according to demographic and professional characteristics.Methods: A census was performed during July 2015 to July 2016 about the Nepali dentists. The study assessed demographic and professional characteristics of dentists including age, gender, ethnicity, education attainment, university, country/year of graduation, and work place using data collection sheet by trained data collectors. For those not accessible for direct contact, the information was obtained through secondary data. Data entry was done in CSPro software application and was analyzed in SPSS 20. Results: The total number of registered Nepali dentists was 1803 with 419 specialists until June 2015. The male to female ratio was 1:1.46. Among all; 1318 (73%) were present in the country, 1047 (58%) were professionally active, and 1366 (76%) were below the age of 35 years. Among the professionals; 831 (79%) were employed in private sector and 601 (57%) worked in Kathmandu valley.Conclusions: The dentist-population ratio is decreasing exponentially in capital and major cities of Nepal however it remains very high in rural areas. Compared to other provinces,Province 6 and Province 7 lack service of dentists.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Elderly Employment in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Kudins ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Average Income ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Current Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Eu

In Latvia, from 2011 to 2020 the number of people 65+ increased by 2.7 %, but the number of the employed people 65+ increased by 94.4 %. The aim of this research is to identify the determinants of the elderly employment in the context of active ageing. The author analysed secondary data collected by the international and Latvia’s institutions as well as by Latvia’s researchers who have studied the elderly. The results of these studies and the data of Latvia’s statistics show that the rapid growth of the elderly employment in Latvia is more likely not an indicator of active ageing, but the elderly’s attempt to overcome poverty. 60.3 % of the elderly in Latvia continue to work in order to increase their current income, and only 10.2 % – for non-financial reasons, which is one of the lowest values in the EU. The gap between the average income of Latvia’s population and the income of people 65+ is increasing over the past 10 years. The elderly in Latvia work mainly in education and health care. These sectors have relatively lower average wages and are therefore less attractive to young people, so the elderly employment in them shows not only the importance of knowledge and experience, but also the difficulties in attracting new employees. The author concludes that Latvia is still far from real active ageing, which is typical for the most competitive EU countries. In order to move in this direction, it would be useful to use the experience of the EU’s active ageing initiatives.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Poland

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Difference

The report outlines the evolution of the labour market situation of young people in Poland between 2009 and 2019. Particular attention was paid to describe how the situation has changed across different age subgroups and degree of urbanization. The analysis includes descriptive statistics of the selected labour market indicators (employment and unem-ployment rate, NEET rate) along with educational and population data extracted from the Eurostat public datasets. The report shows that youth population in Poland has been declining over the past decade, especially in cities and rural areas. Labour market situation of young Poles worsened in the aftermath of financial and economic crisis. Since 2013 is has improved considerably. In 2019,the unemployment rate was below the pre-recession level and the lowest since the political and economic transformation. The pattern of labour market situation evolution was similar across all age subgroups and degrees of urbanisation, although those from the younger sub-groups were more vulnerable to economic fluctuations. In 2019, the difference between rural and urban areas in the unemployment level was minor. The employment rate and the NEET rate, however, was clearly higher in cities which suggests that many of those living in towns and rural areas remain outside the labour force. The level of school dropouts among youth is one of the lowest in the EU and has been relatively stable over the past decade. It is slightly higher in towns and rural areas than in cities, but the difference is not significant.

The Promotion of Young Entrepreneurs for Development Small and Medium Business

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariana Doga-Mîrzac
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Young People ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The Past ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs ◽  
Small And Medium Business

Abstract Promoting entrepreneurship is an essential component to ensure economic development at the national and the regional level. Entrepreneurship in young people may directly stimulate them and positively influence the generations and communities in which it operates. Successful young entrepreneurs in identifying those aspects hold ideas that will contribute to the success of the business and have availability to conquer niches of business that other entrepreneurs have ignored them or have them watched in disbelief. Over the past few years, employment of young remains one of the main problems that persist, problem on the development of market economy has boosted it and deepened it, emphasizing the correlation between the supply and demand of labour force as a whole.

Elderly, Family, and Age Support in Rural Galicia at the End of the Ancien Régime

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro Dubert
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
South Italy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Elderly Household ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

The attempt to ascertain the form and nature of familial age support in the past or, what comes to the same thing, the real degree of dependence or independence of the elderly vis-à-vis their families, relatives, and close ones, has led to a huge controversy among historians. But, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in rural areas otherwise as disparate as those of Galicia, inland Spain, Navarre, south Italy, preindustrial England or rural Belgium, the social, and economic functions in relation to age support within the household showed themselves capable of adapting to suit the particular needs of the different type of families prevailing in each one. This adaptation capacity in turn bore a close relationship to the greater or lesser role played by elderly household heads in the social and familial reproduction processes occurring in their home areas.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Wheat Market Integration in Northern Punjab, Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 817-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar Zahid ◽  
Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Wasim Shahid Malik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Food Needs

The economy of Pakistan is largely dependent on the agriculture sector which contributes about 21 percent to the GDP and employs about 43.4 percent of the labour force. Agriculture and agro-based industrial products contribute about three fourth of the total foreign exchange earnings from export [Pakistan (2007)]. About 66 percent of the population lives in rural areas of Pakistan and directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for its livelihood. The welfare and participation of the rural population in the economy is therefore, central to the country’s progress. Despite the importance of agricultural sector in the national economy, there is a wide gap between food supply and demand due to low performance of agriculture [FAO (2000)]. The country is not producing enough commodities like wheat, rice and edible oil etc. to meet even the basic food needs of the population and as a consequence poverty is on the rise, particularly in the rural areas. In order to reduce poverty, agriculture has to grow faster and at a sustainable basis.

scholarly journals Importance Of Rural Women As Part Of The Population In Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The Social

Abstract Turkey has a total land potential of 78 million ha with a population about 74 million. About one third of the land is arable, and 26% of the population has lived in rural areas. The active population, work in the rural area of Turkey, is 14,767,000 and women have about 51% of that population. The population of women working in agriculture has shown an increase from year to year. In that regard, importance of women in agricultural activities and rural development is very clear. In agricultural enterprises, the individuals are comprised from 54% men and 46% women whose main work is agricultural activities and female economically active population in agriculture is about 55% in Turkey. The Social Gender Inequality Index, SGII, can be used to make some recommendations for policy makers. SGII is still at a high rate of 0.366 in Turkey. In present paper, some secondary data such as reports and statistical data were analyzed about the contributions of women labor uses in agriculture.

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