scholarly journals Importance Of Rural Women As Part Of The Population In Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The Social

Abstract Turkey has a total land potential of 78 million ha with a population about 74 million. About one third of the land is arable, and 26% of the population has lived in rural areas. The active population, work in the rural area of Turkey, is 14,767,000 and women have about 51% of that population. The population of women working in agriculture has shown an increase from year to year. In that regard, importance of women in agricultural activities and rural development is very clear. In agricultural enterprises, the individuals are comprised from 54% men and 46% women whose main work is agricultural activities and female economically active population in agriculture is about 55% in Turkey. The Social Gender Inequality Index, SGII, can be used to make some recommendations for policy makers. SGII is still at a high rate of 0.366 in Turkey. In present paper, some secondary data such as reports and statistical data were analyzed about the contributions of women labor uses in agriculture.

Gender Norms and Household Labor: Time Use in the Context of Social Class Differentiation in Transitional China

2021 ◽  
pp. 048661342199044
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Zhun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Market Process ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transitional China

This paper studies the historical evolution of China’s gender relations through the lens of housework time allocation. In particular, we highlight the role played by social class and income. Drawing upon data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, we find that during the period 1991–2011, being a peasant or earning less than the spouse was increasingly associated with a higher share of housework. The market process appears to have indirectly improved the social status of women (most likely rural women) married to peasant husbands as measured by the former’s declining housework share. Such changes, however, have not challenged traditional patriarchal norms in the countryside and have even facilitated the rise of a new market-based patriarchy. Policy makers should empower women by tackling the different faces of patriarchy as a whole. JEL Classification: B51, J16, P16

scholarly journals Assessment of Women participation in Agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Tharani ◽  
Mohamed Sameem Roshan Akther ◽  
Nanthakumaran Ananthini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Women Participation

An attempt was made to assess the women contribution towards agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka. 60 farm family households' women were randomly selected from rural and urban area of Kovilkulam AI region of Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka and the data were collected by constructed questionnaire. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors contributing women participation in agriculture, to identify the constraints faced by the women in participating agriculture and to evaluate the women participation in decision making activity in agriculture. Minitab 15 and MS excel were used for data analysis. The level of women participation in agricultural activities was found out using chi-square test and the factors contributing for women participation in agricultural activities were identified using multiple regression analysis in urban and rural areas separately (α=0.05). The results revealed that 90% of the rural women respondents and 50% of the urban respondents participated in the agricultural activities which is a significant difference. The mean values of women participation in agricultural activities in urban and rural areas were 77 hours and 836 hours per annum respectively. The multiple regression model for women participation in urban area found that the participation of women negatively correlated with status of employment, age and education level (p=0.000). In rural area, age and educational level were negatively influencing on women participation in agricultural activities (p=0.000). R-square values of fitted regression models were 72 % and 91% in urban and rural area respectively 72% and 91% variation in respective women participation were explained by these models. The obstacles for the women in participation in agricultural activities were reported as lack of knowledge and training in agriculture field, family burden, cultural and social barriers and physical constraints. 60% of women from rural areas and 90% of women from urban areas were involved in decision making especially in the selection of crops and varieties for planting and livestock rearing. Enhancing the awareness and the technical knowledge to the women in the field of agriculture would contribute to increase income from agriculture at household level, district level and finally at national level. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 159-162

Implementation of Social Responsibility Principles in Agricultural Business

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-11
Author(s):  
Anatolii Berzhanir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Level Of Motivation

Abstract. Introduction. The current stage of functioning of the world economic system is characterized by the desire to ensure sustainable development, the essence of which lies in the unity of economic, social and environmental components. The most important tool for its implementation at the level of enterprises, companies, firms is the concept of corporate social responsibility. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essence and analyze the main directions of introducing social responsibility of the domestic agricultural business, as well as the system of objective and subjective factors that influence it. Results. The features of the implementation of the social responsibility system in the domestic agricultural business as an important component of the further development of agricultural production have been investigated. The necessity of activating the social orientation of the agricultural business in connection with the insufficient development of the social sphere of the village and the presence of significant social problems in rural areas has been determined. The essence of social responsibility of business as a voluntary contribution of entrepreneurial structures in solving problems of social, economic and environmental spheres, which is carried out outside the regulatory requirements, has been substantiated. The need to implement an effective management system using modern innovative tools has been pointed out. It has been proven that most agricultural enterprises focus their activities on ensuring decent working conditions for personnel, cooperation with local communities, and solving environmental problems. The directions of implementation of social responsibility of agricultural companies in Ukraine have been shown. The structure and volumes of social investment of the leading agricultural holdings have been characterized. New ways of doing agribusiness and promising areas of social responsibility in the internal and external environment have been formulated. Conclusions. Expanding the scale and improving the mechanisms of social responsibility, increasing the level of motivation and interest of agribusiness to improve the quality of life of rural residents and the development of rural areas will contribute to the intensification of production and social infrastructure. Ultimately, all this will reveal a significant positive impact on the socio-economic development of the regions and the country as a whole.

Women’s Participation in Panchayati Raj– An Analysis

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Laha
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Panchayati Raj

Women have been struggling for self-respect and autonomy. Although women constitute one half of the population, they continue to be subjugated, unequal in socioeconomic and political status.There have been several attempts to improve the position of women since India got independence in 1947. Since mid-1980 owing to questioning by women themselves about their oppressed status and plight through varied women’s movements, the issue of ‘women empowerment’ came into focus. The Government of India declared the year 2001 as year for the ‘Empowerment of Women’, but the struggle to reach this stage has been long and arduous. . It has also resulted in the entry of a large number of women in decision-making bodies in rural areas, who were otherwise homemakers. Political participation and grassroots democracy have been strengthened considerably by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment that has created new democratic institutions for local governance yet t women are facing the various problem in the functioning of panchayats. After getting the reservation in the panchayats, they are still depending on their husband or other male members of their family. So for knowing the status of women in the all level of panchayats in India, this paper is based on the secondary data and deals with the political participation and representation of the rural women in the panchayats in India. The theoretical perspective of the evolution of the panchayati raj system in India and the journey of the women in the local governance has also been explained in the study.Several factors which responsible for women’s low participation have been dealt with.In this context, the paper tries to analyse the government initiative for women’s empowerment in the Panchyats, an opportunity to come forward through reservation and highlighting the factors which overtly or covertly tend to prevent women members from performing their roles. Some necessary steps for empowering the women have been suggested.

On the Road to SME Sector Development in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 480-499
Author(s):  
Syed Abidur Rahman ◽  
Noor Hazlina Ahmad ◽  
Seyedeh Khadijeh Taghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Road ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
On The Road

Entrepreneurship has been deliberated as multidimensional and multidisciplinary study. From the economic point of view entrepreneurship is the central force for economic development for any nation. Scholars and policy makers now have started to see entrepreneurship as panacea for inclusive growth. Entrepreneurships are most widely popular and discussed area. Study on small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) has been maturing for the last decade as it has been regarded as significant player for the social development along with the economic development. In Bangladesh, SMEs account for a large proportion of the total establishments in various sectors. Considering the importance of the SME sector in Bangladesh, this study intends to explore and sketch-out the landscape of current SME setting in Bangladesh. With this aim the study has extensively carried out literature review, observed and understood the secondary data obtained from various organizations, and finally presented a policy driven recommendation (micro and macro level) which would enable to develop the SME sector in a developing country like Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Perception of Natural Hazards in Rural Areas: A Case Study Examination of the Influence of Seasonal Weather

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rudge Ramos Ribeiro ◽  
Samia Nascimento Sulaiman ◽  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Marcos Alberto Lana
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Ranking Order

A series of factors affect the social perception of hazards in a rural context. This article analyzes how weather conditions influence farmers’ perceptions of natural hazards. In order to understand the relationship between time of year/season and farmers’ concerns about hazards, this study was undertaken. The methodology was based on surveys done to obtain a base-collection of primary data, as well as a meteorological and production analysis using secondary data. A case study of small coffee farms was carried out in a Brazilian municipality with questionnaires applied during the dry season in 2016 and the rainy season in 2017. The results indicate that drought is the main hazard identified by farmers in both weather seasons. Although there were some changes in perceptions observed, the ranking order of the main hazards did not change over the dry and rainy weather seasons.

scholarly journals Statut social et émigration internationale des femmes au Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Ousmane Barry ◽  
Honoré Mimche ◽  
Patrice Tanang Tchouala ◽  
Hamidou Kone
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Migration Internationale ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Status Of Women

Le statut social de la femme est un critère de différenciation dans le domaine de la migration internationale féminine. Cependant la littérature reste peu prolixe sur la relation entre celui-ci et la pratique migratoire. Cette étude vise à documenter les liens entre le statut des femmes et leurs comportements migratoires dans le contexte burkinabè. Elle s’appuie sur des données secondaires, 3 880 femmes âgées de 15 ans et plus, issues de l’enquête sur l’Interaction entre Politiques Publiques, Migrations et Développement (IPPMD) au Burkina Faso en 2014 collectées auprès de 2 200 ménages. L’analyse a été à la fois descriptive (bivariée et multivariée) et explicative (régression logistique). Les résultats montrent que le statut social de la femme est négativement associé à l’émigration internationale des femmes. Les émigrées sont celles qui ont un statut faible. Elles résident en milieu rural, dans des ménages ayant une expérience migratoire et un niveau de vie faible. Le statut social de la femme explique le départ vers l’étranger chez les femmes Burkinabè et contribue à l’exacerbation des flux migratoires au Burkina Faso. Le sexe du chef de ménage et la taille du ménage constituent un autre groupe de variables qui influencent directement l’émigration des femmes mais aussi de façon indirecte via le statut de celles-ci. En conclusion, cette étude aurait contribué à une compréhension plus large sur les migrations féminines au Burkina Faso. Au regard de ces résultats, l’amélioration des conditions de vie des femmes et l’analyse de l’impact de l’émigration internationale de cellesci sur certains secteurs de développement local telles que la santé et l’éducation constituent des pistes à explorer afin de contribuer à l’autonomisation des femmes d’une part et de tirer les avantages qu’offre la migration d’autre part.   The social status of women is a criterion of differentiation in the field of international female migration. However, the literature is not very prolific on the relationship between this and the practice of migration. This study aims to document the links between the status of women and their migratory behavior in the Burkina Faso context. The study is based on secondary data, 3,880 women aged 15 and over, from the survey on the Interaction between Public Policies, Migration and Development (IPPMD) in Burkina Faso in 2014 collected from 2,200 households. The analysis was both descriptive (bivariate and multivariate) and explanatory. Results show that the social status of women is negatively associated with the international emigration of women. The emigrants are those who have a weak status. They live in rural areas, in households with migratory experience and a low standard of living. The social status of women explains the departure abroad among Burkinabè women and contributes to the exacerbation of migratory flows in Burkina Faso. The sex of the head of the household and the size of the household constitute another group of variables that directly influence the emigration of women but also indirectly via their status. In conclusion, this study would have contributed to a broader understanding of female migration in Burkina Faso. Based on these results, improving the living conditions of women and analyzing the impact of their international emigration on sectors of local development such as health and education are avenues for consideration to explore in order to contribute to the empowerment of women on the one hand and to reap the benefits of migration on the other.

scholarly journals Influence of Private Forest Land to Farmers Welfare in Yogyakarta Special Province

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Ritohardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting

Forest people land use pratices with economic and ecological orientation have been developed in the vicinity of forest areas. Nevertheless, policy makers view this development as detrimental to the forest it self. Forestry programs directed to accommodate public participation are uniformly designed and implemented, ignoring the physical and social variantion of rural areas. Thus there is a need for research on spatial variation of the social forestry program especially related to its success and impact on welfare. The research is carried out in Yogyakarta speial province employed a survei method and spatial approach. Stratified cluster sampling is used on the basis of variations in physiographic characteristics. Secondary data are also collected in forms of literatures and previous research in the field. Primary data are obtained through a structured interview using a set of questionnaires. Data are analyzed using simple tabulation method as well as statistical techniques.The research shows that in general people forest land use has been sucessfully implemented in the province. It is important to note that a more successfull implementation of people forest land use is found in the private rather than government initiated forest. In the less accessible areas people forest land use activities are much more successfull than in the accessible ones. Social forestry land use in the volcanic slope physiography is much better than that in either undulating or karst areas. Among important factors affecting the success of people forest land use are land ownership, education level, technology, land accessibility and percentage of plant growth. It is also confirmed that accessibility is the most important factor affecting the success of an people forest land use. The research also reveals that people forest land use has been very important in improving the farmers welfare. A composite indicator shows that the welfare of farmers is much improved after the adoption of people forest land use, with the highest achievement is obtained by farmers in the volcanic slopes.

scholarly journals Do women in rural areas of Serbia rarely apply preventive measures against cervical cancer?

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Antic ◽  
Bosiljka Djikanovic ◽  
Dejana Vukovic ◽  
Vladimir Kaludjerovic
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Gynecological Examination

Background/Aim. The incidence of cervical cancer in Central Serbia has the higher rate as compared with that in other European countries. Considering mortality rate for cervical cancer, the standardized rate in Serbia is 10.1 per 10,000 females, which is the second highest one after that in Romania with 13.0. The aim of this study was to examine application of preventive measures for cervical cancer in women both from rural and urban areas in Serbia and if they are associated with sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviour. Methods. We analyzed secondary data of the 2006 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia focused on characteristics of adult females aged 25 to 65 years (5.314 in total) taking into consideration that programme of the organized screening will include female population aged over 25 years. Results. Respondents from rural areas have gynecological examination less than once a year in comparison with those from urban areas (OR = 0.60, 95% Cl 0.54-0.68). Less women from rural areas did Pap test during the last 12 months in comparison with respondents from urban areas (OR = 0.55, 95% Cl 0.48- 0.64). Respondents from urban areas less often do the Pap test on doctor's advice in comparison with those from rural one (OR = 0.55, 95% Cl 0.42-0.62). Conclusion. This study shows that women in rural areas rarely implement preventive gynecological measures againt cervical cancer in comparison with those in urban areas. Implementation of preventive measures among rural women is conditioned by lower levels of education and lower socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Human resource aspect of agricultural economy – challenges of demographic change

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Alexandra Rajczi ◽  
Péter Vörös ◽  
Krisztina Dajnoki
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Jel Code

Over the past decades, the agrarian policy has tried to contribute to the catching-up of the rural areas with varying dynamism and aid scheme. However, its result is significantly below expectations. Nowadays, the age composition of the population living in rural areas reveals an unfavourable picture; the rate of the elderly, deprived persons and people being inactive from the aspect of employment is high and it is also combined with the low educational levels. The young generations and intellectuals leave the rural areas and, consequently, the rate of the active population continues to grow narrow as well as the proportion of young and skilled employees decreases. As a consequence of changes in the past decades, the rate of agricultural employment has not led to an intensive change but a failing change in extensive direction which lays off jobs. Nowadays, this process also determines the Hungarian rural society. In the sector, the need for employment diminishes as a result of the development in technology and due to the expansion of services sector. The purpose of our study is to present and analyse the human resources of our country’s agriculture by skill level and age group and compare it with the needs of companies, by doing this we try to compare supply and demand. In details, based on secondary data source, we investigate the agricultural labour force and try to confront it with the advertisements of job search portals (three of our job search portals based on our predefined criteria), by which we achieve a current picture of the agricultural human resource circumstances. JEL Code: J43

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