scholarly journals Revue Des Doses D’exposition Et De La Justification Des Radiographies Standard En Pratique Pédiatrique Au Togo

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
M. Tchaou ◽  
G.N. Gnakadja ◽  
B. N’timon ◽  
L. Sonhaye ◽  
A. Amadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
X Rays ◽  
French Society ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Entrance Dose ◽  
Surface Product ◽  
Standard Radiographs ◽  
The University

Aims: To assess the justification of indications and exposure doses to children during radiographics. Methods: Prospective study of 102 X-ray exams of children collected over a period of 6 months in the Department of Radiology of Kara Teaching Hospital. Objectives: To assess the rationale guidance and exposure doses to children when standard radiographic examinations. Methodology: prospective observational study of 102 standard radiographs (Rx) collected in the radiology department of the University Hospital of Kara on a 6 month period. Results: Male children were predominant with a sex ratio boy / girl of 1.3. The predominant age group was the 5 to 10 years. Chest X-rays were the most practiced exam, with 43%. According to the Guide of well practices of French Society of Radiology (SFR) and the French Society of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine (SFBMN), 80% of exams were justified. The comparison of our results to diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) shows that 43% and 39% of standard X-rays had dosimetric values exceeds the RDLs respectively the entrance Dose (De) and Dose Surface Product (DSP). Conclusion:Our study reveals that compliance guidance assessments to the proper use of medical imaging examinations guide was not always effective but satisfactory. The study dosimetric constants showed that the dose to children exceeded in a large proportion of the French and Belgian DRLs.

Development of Standard X-Ray Beams for Calibration of Radiobiology Cabinet and Conformal Irradiators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. King ◽  
Natalie N. Viscariello ◽  
Larry A. DeWerd
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Dose Determination ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Accurate Dose ◽  
The University

This work seeks to develop standard X-ray beams that are matched to radiobiology X-ray irradiators. The calibration of detectors used for dose determination of these irradiators is performed with a set of standard X rays that are more heavily filtered and/or lower energy, which leads to a higher uncertainty in the dose measurement. Models of the XRad320, SARRP, and the X-ray tube at the University of Wisconsin Medical Radiation Research Center (UWMRRC) were created using the BEAMnrc user code of the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code system. These models were validated against measurements, and the resultant modeled spectra were used to determine the amount of added filtration needed to match the X-ray beams at the UWMRRC to those of the XRad320 and SARRP. The depth profiles and half-value layer (HVL) simulations performed using BEAMnrc agreed to measurements within 3% and 3.6%, respectively. A primary measurement device, a free-air chamber, was developed to measure air kerma in the medium energy range of X rays. The resultant spectra of the matched beams had HVL's that matched the HVL's of the radiobiology irradiators well within the 3% criteria recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the average energies agreed within 2.4%. In conclusion, three standard X-ray beams were developed at the UWMRRC with spectra that more closely match the spectra of the XRad320 and SARRP radiobiology irradiators, which will aid in a more accurate dose determination during calibration of these irradiators.

scholarly journals Radiographic aspects of acute community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivo Lova Herilanto Rakotomalala ◽  
Harimino Mireille Rakotondravelo ◽  
Andrianina Harivelo Ranivoson ◽  
Annick Lalaina Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Background: The etiological diagnosis of pneumonia is often difficult because of the impossibility of microbiological confirmation most of the time. Therefore, chest X-ray is still essential for a positive diagnosis and etiological orientation. The main objective of our study was to describe the radiographic aspects of acute community-acquired pneumonia and tubercular pneumonia in children.Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted at the university hospital mother and child of Tsaralalana from January 1st to July 31st, 2017.Results: Sixty-nine cases of pneumonia were included, including 13 cases of TB pneumonia and 46 cases of acute community-acquired pneumonia. The average age was 36.68 months with a male predominance. Clinically, respiratory functional signs predominated in both cases. Alteration in general condition was mainly observed in tubercular pneumonia (26.08%). Alveolar syndromes were present in 43.47% of TB pneumonias and 36.94% of acute community-acquired pneumonia. With regard to the radiographic images, alveolar involvement was common to both types of pneumonia; the nodular image was present in 8.69% of the tubercular pneumonias and 2.17% of the acute community-acquired pneumonia; the cavity image was present only in the tubercular pneumonia (p=0.04); the right-sided location predominated in both cases.Conclusions: X-ray images were common to both TB pneumonia and acute community-acquired pneumonia; some images were specific to TB pneumonia. However, the etiologic orientation of pneumonia is based on a combination of epidemiologic, clinical, and radiographic evidence.

scholarly journals PROTON-INDUCED X-RAY ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN TISSUE SECTIONS

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. JUNDT ◽  
K. H. PURSER ◽  
H. KUBO ◽  
E. A. SCHENK
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
The University ◽  
Structure Research

A 3-meV proton beam from the MP Van de Graaff accelerator at the Nuclear Structure Research Laboratory of the University of Rochester has been used to induce characteristic x-rays of trace elements from a variety of biologic samples. The x-ray spectra have been measured with a high resolution Si(Li) detector which can detect and separate in energy x-rays from neighboring elements with Z > 13. Tissue homogenates, frozen sections and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of various tissues obtained from surgical and autopsy specimens have been analyzed. Measurements have been made to check the sensitivity and reproducibility of the method. Data accumulated thus far indicate that this method is useful in evaluating absolute concentration of elements usually present in a given tissue and detecting environmental elements which may have accumulated in a given tissue.

LASER PULSE CIRCULATION SYSTEM FOR COMPACT MONOCHROMATIC TUNABLE HARD X-RAY SOURCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 4324-4332
Author(s):  
HARUYUKI OGINO ◽  
MENG DE ◽  
TOMOHIKO YAMAMOTO ◽  
FUMITO SAKAMOTO ◽  
KATSUHIRO DOBASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Electron Linear Accelerator ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Band ◽  
Rf Pulse ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The University

We are construcing a laser electron Compton scattering monochromatic tunable hard X-ray source. It consists of the X-band (11.424 GHz) electron linear accelerator and Q-switch Nd : YAG laser. This work is a part of the JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) project. The whole system is a part of the national project on the advanced compact medical accelerator development, hosted by NIRS (National Institute for Radiological Science). The University of Tokyo and KEK are working for the X-ray source. Main advantage of this X-ray source is monochromatic tunable hard X-rays (10-50keV) with the intensities of 108-109 photons/s. The table-top size X-ray source can generate dual energy monochromatic hard X-ray by turns and it takes about 40ms to chage the X-ray energy. It is calculated that the X-ray intensity is 107 photons/RF-pulse (108 photons/s in 10 pps) by the 35MeV electron and YAG laser (2J/pulse). The X-band beam line for the demonstration is under construction. We designed a laser pulse circulation system to increase the X-ray yield 10 times higer (up to 108 photons/RF-pulse, 109 photons/s). It can be proved that the laser total energy increases 10 times higher by the principle experiment with the lower energy laser (25mJ/pulse).

scholarly journals Currarino Syndrome (SC): A case at the University Hospital of Mother and Child Lagune Cotonou

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Gbenou A.S
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Currarino Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Approach ◽  
Operative Specimen ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Posterior Sagittal Approach ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
The University

Introduction: The Currarino syndrome (CS) is one of the rare syndromic forms of anorectal malformations (ARM). Observation: This is the clinical case of a 3 days male newborn admitted for high ARM in the pediatric surgery Department of the Lagune Mother and Child University Hospital of Cotonou. An emergency colostomy was performed. At the age of 7 months as a prelude to anorectoplasty, the distal colography revealed a semilunar pelvic opacity in front of the sacrum. The posterior sagittal approach according to Peña could not reveal the distal end of the intestine. The reconstruction of the sphincter-muscular complex was done on a tracheal tube. The abdominal approach allowed the discovery and resection of a presacral mass. The rectal pouch end found was then lowered. Post-operative follows up was uneventful. The standard postoperative X-ray revealed a partial agenesis of the sacrum. The histology of the operative specimen found a cystic lipoma. The diagnosis of CS was done. The search of a HLXB9 mutation was not possible. Conclusion: The clinical observation associated with standard radiological investigations highlighted the triad: anorectal malformation, presacral tumor, and partial agenesis of the sacrum, which upheld the diagnosis of CS; but the search for an indispensable HLXB9 mutation was lacking for the genetic link.

scholarly journals Analyse Du Rebut Des Cliches Radiographiques Dans Le Service De Radiologie Et Imagerie Médicale Du Chu Campus De Lomé Au Togo

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
P. Gbande ◽  
L. Sonhaye ◽  
K. Adambounou ◽  
K. Lambon ◽  
B. N’timon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Almost All

Purpose: To analyze the waste factors of rejected X-rays films. Methodology: Descriptive and analytical prospective study from 1 January to 30 June 2017 carried out in the department of radiology and medical imaging of the Campus University Hospital of Lomé in Togo. Results: 4912 patients had received 5630 radiographic incidences, including 3288 (58.4%) on the analogy and 2342 (41.5%) on the digital. The reject rate was 12.5%. The vast majority of the X-rays films, 682 (96.9%) were rejected by the radiographers themselves just after development. The resumption frequency ranged from one repeat (550 X-rays films, or 78%) to 4 repeats (8 X-rays films, or 1%). Almost all of the rejected films, 702 (99.7%) came from the analogical room. Chest X-ray was the incidence with more rejection in 33.9% followed by pelvic and lower limb incidences in 21% of cases. More than 2/3 of the rejected films, 473 (67.2%), came from the students' act. The causes of the rejection were mainly centering (25.5%), underexposure (20.17%) and overexposure (12.93). The financial loss caused by the scrap of X-rays films amounted to about 418800F CFA or 638.5 €. Conclusion: Strengthening communication between radiographers and radiologists is necessary to avoid unnecessary repeats of patient’s radiographs.

scholarly journals Radiological trends in trampoline-related paediatric injuries in a major paediatric trauma centre: a 6-year experience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Chambers ◽  
Colin Holton ◽  
Jeannette K. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Search Term ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Older Children ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Major Trauma Centre

Abstract Aim Review of visits to the radiology department related to trampoline injuries in a major trauma centre in the UK over a 6-year period, and analysis of imaging performed, injury type, and seasonal trends in children under 18 years of age. Subject and methods Retrospective review of the Radiology Information System (RIS) for requests and reports between January 2012 and December 2017 containing the search term “tramp*” with an age of < 18 years. Results A total of 1794 children (44% male, mean age 8.15) visited the radiology department 1871 times and received 2343 separate radiographic examinations, ten ultrasound examinations, 20 CT examinations, 19 MR examinations and two nuclear medicine examinations. Seven hundred and eighty-eight children (45.9% male) had injury demonstrated on radiographs (622 fractures and 183 soft-tissue injuries) during 796 visits to radiology. Positive CT, MRI, and US were seen in 55%, 47.3%, and 50% of cases respectively. Children under 7 years of age are more likely to have been injured compared to older children attending for X-rays, with the proportion of injuries seen in 6-year-old children being the highest (63.7%). Trampoline injury-related X-ray requests to radiology rose from 1.7% to 4% per year as a percentage of overall X-ray requests from the emergency department. Conclusion Trampoline injury-related visits to the radiology department and the number of injuries demonstrated on imaging studies have increased over the study period, putting greater pressure on the healthcare system. Younger children are especially prone to injury. Public health campaigns and mandatory national safety standards are needed to increase awareness of potential dangers of recreational trampoline use.

scholarly journals Are We Overdoing It? Changes in Diagnostic Imaging Workload during the Years 2010–2020 including the Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1557
Author(s):  
Mateusz Winder ◽  
Aleksander Jerzy Owczarek ◽  
Jerzy Chudek ◽  
Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk ◽  
Jan Baron
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Related Increase

Since the 1990s, there has been a significant increase in the number of imaging examinations as well as a related increase in the healthcare expenditure and the exposure of the population to X-rays. This study aimed to analyze the workload trends in radiology during the last decade, including the impact of COVID-19 in a single university hospital in Poland and to identify possible solutions to the challenges that radiology could face in the future. We compared the annual amount of computed tomography (CT), radiography (X-ray), and ultrasound (US) examinations performed between the years 2010 and 2020 and analyzed the changes in the number of practicing radiologists in Poland. The mean number of patients treated in our hospital was 60,727 per year. During the last decade, the number of CT and US examinations nearly doubled (from 87.4 to 155.7 and from 52.1 to 86.5 per 1000 patients in 2010 and 2020 respectively), while X-ray examinations decreased from 115.1 to 96.9 per 1000 patients. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic did not change the workload trends as more chest examinations were performed. AI, which contributed to the COVID-19 diagnosis, could aid radiologists in the future with the growing workload by increasing the efficiency of radiology departments as well as by potentially minimizing the related costs.

scholarly journals Alexander Béla (1857-1916), a magyar radiológia „nagy embere” emlékezete halála 105. évfordulóján

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 343-362
Author(s):  
Éva Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Career Ladder ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Medical School Graduation ◽  
School Graduation ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The University

Béla Alexander, born in the historical Upper Hungary (Slovakia today) dedicated his whole life to X-rays discovered by Conrad Röntgen. After medical school graduation, he was known as a poet and a community activist as well. For more than ten years he was treating indigent people in Késmárk (Kežmarok today) in the daylight time and experimented with X-rays during the nights. Although Alexander gained an international reputation for his X-ray images and studies, made and written about upper and lower limbs’ bones, the scientific value of his stereoscopic X-rays was argued in Hungarian academic circles. Due to his successful struggles, Alexander moved up the career ladder in the capital Budapest from 1907. Milestones of his career: director of the X-ray lab between 1906 and 1907, then the director of the University Institute for X-rays between 1907 and 1916, which was established on his former X-ray lab.) After his death caused by X-rays, directors of the Institute continued Alexander’s work between the two World Wars.

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