Prise En Charge Des Péritonites Aiguës Dans Un Hôpital De District En Afrique Sub-saharienne : Cas Du Bénin

Introduction: Peritonitis remains a public health problem in Africa. We aim to describe the epidemiological, etiological and therapeutic aspects of acute peritonitis in a district hospital in Sub Saharan Africa. Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data collection over a period of 15 months from May 1 st 2015 to July 31st 2016 in Bembereke district hospital. It has taken into account all the patients managed in the general surgery department for acute generalized peritonitis that has been confirmed at laparotomy. Results: Fifty-three patients, 38 men (71.7 %) and 15 women (28.3 %) had been registered. The average age of the patients was 19.8 ± 16.9 years. The main etiologies were: non-traumatic ileal perforation from typhoid infection 52.8%; perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer 17%; complicated appendicitis and abdominal traumas 11.3% each one. Twenty nine patients (54.7%) have been operated by a surgeon and the 24 remaining (45.3%) by a general practitioner with surgical skills. Twenty one patients (39.6%) had postoperative complications of which 11 cases of parietal suppurations (52.4%). The mortality rate was 11.3%. The mean hospital stay was 22.5 ± 4 days. Conclusion: In northern-Benin, peritonitis remains dominated by the complications of typhoid fever. The mortality rate remains high. Prevention requires good hygiene and awareness of early consultations.

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A brief review on features of falciparum malaria during pregnancy

Journal of Public Health in Africa ◽

10.4081/jphia.2017.668 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Manirakiza ◽

Eugène Serdouma ◽

Richard Norbert Ngbalé ◽

Sandrine Moussa ◽

Samuel Gondjé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Malaria During Pregnancy ◽

Concurrent Infections ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Protection Against Infection ◽

In Pregnancy

Malaria in pregnancy is a serious public health problem in tropical areas. Frequently, the placenta is infected by accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the intervillous space. Falciparum malaria acts during pregnancy by a range of mechanisms, and chronic or repeated infection and co-infections have insidious effects. The susceptibility of pregnant women to malaria is due to both immunological and humoral changes. Until a malaria vaccine becomes available, the deleterious effects of malaria in pregnancy can be avoided by protection against infection and prompt treatment with safe, effective antimalarial agents; however, concurrent infections such as with HIV and helminths during pregnancy are jeopardizing malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Factors associated with oral cavity cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Summary of the literature

African Journal of Oncology ◽

10.54266/ajo.1.2.34.meun5028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

A Dieng ◽

AD Faye ◽

MM Ndiaye ◽

G Diop ◽

A Bouazé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Manual Search ◽

African Populations ◽

Localization Strategy ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Oral Cavity Cancers

INTRODUCTION: Oral cavity cancers are now a public health problem according to WHO epidemiological data. There are several risk factors or factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity but they vary according to geographic regions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity in Sub-Saharan African populations through a systematic literature review. METHODOLOGY: Using the data available for the period from January 1980 to December 2019, a synthesis of the literature was carried out. The literature localization strategy included an electronic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases from 1980 to 2019 and a manual search of the list of references of articles identified by snowballing. The data were extracted independently by two researchers on an Excel© spreadsheet. Parameters collected from each study were author, country, type of study, period of study, size, age, gender, and factors studied. RESULTS: Out of 1,318 articles found, 24 were selected. The data contained 17,290 patients including 8,229 men, i.e. a male / female sex-ratio of 0.91. Factors studied were tobacco, alcohol, diet, infection, genetics and social factors. CONCLUSION: The results reported showed that several factors are associated with the occurrence of oral cavity cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to conduct further studies with more structured methodologies for more convincing results.

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Prevalence of Anemia and Undernutrition of Adolescent Females in Selected Schools in Ghana

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2021/6684839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Marina Aferiba Tandoh ◽

Abigail Owusuaa Appiah ◽

Anthony Kwaku Edusei

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adolescent Females ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Health And Wellness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Poor Nutrition ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia among adolescent females is a major worldwide public health problem which should be given appropriate attention. Half of all anemic cases are caused by iron deficiency. In addition to anemia, poor nutrition is also a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. This study determined the prevalence of anemia and undernutrition among adolescent females in school. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 adolescent females in four basic schools in the Ahafo region of Ghana. The hemoglobin level and anthropometry measures of participants were taken to determine their anemic and nutritional status. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent females in school was 50.3%. Out of the 151 participants, 6.6%, 19.9%, and 23.8% were severely anemic, moderately anemic, or mildly anemic, respectively. Only 2% of the participants were underweight, but the rate of stunting was 26.5%. The notable high prevalence of anemia that was found among adolescent females was correlated with other health and wellness concerns. Anemia and under nutrition negatively affect academic performance, productivity, and general wellbeing of adolescents; therefore, effective measures should be put in place to correct and eradicate these nutritional problems.

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The prevalence of scabies in Monrovia, Liberia: a population-based survey

10.1101/2020.06.25.20139808 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shelui Collinson ◽

Joseph Timothy ◽

Samuel K Zayay ◽

Karsor K Kollie ◽

Eglantine Lebas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Quality Data ◽

Local Health ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundScabies is known to be a public health problem in many settings but the majority of recent data is from rural settings in the Pacific. There is a need for high quality data from sub-Saharan Africa and peri-Urban settings to inform scale up of scabies control efforts. There have been anecdotal reports of scabies being a public health problem in Liberia but robust data are lacking.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional cluster-randomised prevalence survey for scabies in a peri-urban community in Monrovia, Liberia in February-March 2020. Participants underwent a standardised examination conducted by trained local health care workers. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using age-appropriate dermatology life quality indices (DLQIs). Prevalence estimates were calculated accounting for clustering at community and household levels and associations with key demographic variables assessed through multivariable random-effects logistic regression.Results1,318 participants from 477 households were surveyed. The prevalence of scabies prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI: 6.5-13.2%), across 75 (19.7%) households; impetigo or infected scabies prevalence was 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4-1.9%). The majority (52%) of scabies cases were classified as severe. Scabies prevalence was lower in females and higher in the youngest age group; no associations were found with other collected demographic or socio-economic variables. DLQI scores indicated a very or extremely large effect on HRQoL in 29% of adults and 18% of children diagnosed with scabies.ConclusionsOur study indicates a substantial burden of scabies in this peri-Urban population in Liberia. This was associated with significant impact on quality of life, highlighting the need for action to control scabies in this population. Further work is needed to assess the impact of interventions in this context on both the prevalence of scabies and quality of life.Plain English summaryScabies is an infestation with a microscopic mite which affects many people living in low-resource tropical countries. It causes intense itching, which can lead to complications through bacterial infection and poor quality of life. To help develop global scabies control programmes, we need a better understanding of how common it is across different tropical settings. We conducted a survey to assess the burden of scabies and bacterial skin infection in a random sample of people living in a community in Monrovia, Liberia. Information about participants and their household were collected and their skin was examined; those with skin conditions were asked about its impact on quality of life.We examined 1,318 participants and found that almost 10% of people had scanies. Scabies was more common in young children, and was more common in male children than female children. We found that there was a large impact on quality of life due mostly to the itching that scabies causes and to people feeling embarrassed or sad because of their skin condition. This scabies survey is one of the first conducted across all age groups in recent years in sub-Saharan Africa and indicates a substantial burden and impact on quality of life. More work is needed to understand how common scabies is in different settings and the impact that different treatment strategies may have.

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A multi-state spatio-temporal Markov model for categorized incidence of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268812001926 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (8) ◽

pp. 1764-1771 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. AGIER ◽

M. STANTON ◽

G. SOGA ◽

P. J. DIGGLE

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Temporal Dependence ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Annual Scale

SUMMARYMeningococcal meningitis is a major public health problem in the African Belt. Despite the obvious seasonality of epidemics, the factors driving them are still poorly understood. Here, we provide a first attempt to predict epidemics at the spatio-temporal scale required for in-year response, using a purely empirical approach. District-level weekly incidence rates for Niger (1986–2007) were discretized into latent, alert and epidemic states according to pre-specified epidemiological thresholds. We modelled the probabilities of transition between states, accounting for seasonality and spatio-temporal dependence. One-week-ahead predictions for entering the epidemic state were generated with specificity and negative predictive value >99%, sensitivity and positive predictive value >72%. On the annual scale, we predict the first entry of a district into the epidemic state with sensitivity 65·0%, positive predictive value 49·0%, and an average time gained of 4·6 weeks. These results could inform decisions on preparatory actions.

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Genital infections by Chlamydia trachomatis-An overview

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13660 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 244-249

Author(s):

Syada Monira Hoque ◽

Md Akram Hossain ◽

Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽

Chand Mahmud ◽

Nazia Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Modern Trend ◽

Genital Infections ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Transmissible Disease ◽

Chlamydial Infections

Genital infections by Chlamydia trachomatis are now recognized as highly prevalent sexually transmissible disease. In frequency, they surpass the classic sexually transmissible diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea and thus constitute a serious public health problem. Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular gram negative bacterium which have a unique growth cycle and are placed in their own family (Chlamydiae).Chlamydia trachomatis is now one of the most Prevalent bacteria found in classic sexually transmissible disease and as such constitutes a serious Public heath problem. World Heath Organization (WHO) estimated that 92 million new chlamydial infections occur worldwide annually affecting more women (50 Million) then men (42million). And highest chlamydial infected population were in south and South-east Asia (43million) then sub- Saharan Africa (16million)(WHO 2001).This review article is a discussion on history,epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and modern trend of treatment, prevention of Chlamydial infections in age group. Effective delivery of prevention messages requires clientcentered counseling and education regarding specific actions that can reduce the risk for chlamydia transmission e.g., abstinence, condom use, limiting the number of sex partners,modifying sexual behaviors and vaccination.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13660 KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-1, June 2012 pp.244-249

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Diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in children at a district hospital in sub-Saharan Africa

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04897-2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 357 (9270) ◽

pp. 1753-1757 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

James A Berkley ◽

Isiah Mwangi ◽

Caroline J Ngetsa ◽

Salim Mwarumba ◽

Brett S Lowe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Meningitis ◽

District Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Meningitis In Children

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Does economic freedom improve health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa?

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-01-2020-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

pp. 1633-1649

Author(s):

Anand Sharma

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Economic Freedom ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Content Type ◽

The World ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic freedom on four key health indicators (namely, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate) by using a panel dataset of 34 sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2016.Design/methodology/approachThe study obtains data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and the Fraser Institute. It uses fixed effects regression to estimate the effect of economic freedom on health outcomes and attempts to resolve the endogeneity problems by using two-stage least squares regression (2SLS).FindingsThe results indicate a favourable impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. That is, higher levels of economic freedom reduce mortality rates and increase life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. All areas of economic freedom, except government size, have a significant and positive effect on health outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study analyses the effect of economic freedom on health at a broad level. Country-specific studies at a disaggregated level may provide additional information about the impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. Also, this study does not control for some important variables such as education, income inequality and foreign aid due to data constraints.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that sub-Saharan African countries should focus on enhancing the quality of economic institutions to improve their health outcomes. This may include policy reforms that support a robust legal system, protect property rights, promote free trade and stabilise the macroeconomic environment. In addition, policies that raise urbanisation, increase immunisation and lower the incidence of HIV are likely to produce a substantial improvement in health outcomes.Originality/valueExtant economic freedom-health literature does not focus on endogeneity problems. This study uses instrumental variables regression to deal with endogeneity. Also, this is one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the relationship between economic freedom and health in the case of sub-Saharan Africa.

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PO 8448 ADVERSE DRUG REACTION TO TWO ARTEMISININ-BASED COMBINATION THERAPIES, ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE AND ARTEMISININ-PIPERAQUINE, IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A39.2-A39

Author(s):

Oluwafunmibi Anjorin ◽

Catherine O Falade

Keyword(s):

Uncomplicated Malaria ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Naranjo Algorithm ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Loss Of Appetite ◽

Ibadan Nigeria

BackgroundMalaria remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, especially amongst children and pregnant women. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is now the treatment of choice. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) have been observed to ACTs. This study aims to determine the incidence, pattern of presentation and factors associated with ADRs to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artemisinin-piperaquine (AP) among children with acute uncomplicated malaria in Ibadan, Nigeria.MethodsChildren aged 2–10 years with acute uncomplicated malaria who met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled, randomised to receive one of the study drugs (AL or AP) and followed up for 28 days. Monitoring for ADR was based on history from the parent/guardian and/or child regarding occurrences of treatment emergent signs and symptoms and on abnormalities of laboratory investigations (full blood count and blood chemistry). Causality assessment for the ADR was by the Naranjo algorithm scale while the severity was assessed using the Hartwig’s severity scale.ResultsA total of 114 children were enrolled; six defaulted and were not available for follow-up. There were 61 (56.5%) males. The mean age of enrollees was 65.1±30.0 months. Fever was the most prevalent presenting complaint occurring in 108 (100%) enrollees. Observed ADRs were cough, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, rash, fever, irritability, insomnia and headache but the differences were not statistically significant between the two groups. The incidence of ADR to both ACTs was 12/1000 patients per day. Prevalence of ADR to AL was 14% and for AP 11%; this was not statistically significant. All ADRs were mild. No notable associated factor to ADR was detected in this study.ConclusionBoth AL and AP were found to be safe in the study population.

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Molecular epidemiology and phylogeography of Schistosoma mansoni around Lake Victoria

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182010000788 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 137 (13) ◽

pp. 1937-1949 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

C. J. STANDLEY ◽

N. B. KABATEREINE ◽

C. N. LANGE ◽

N. J. S. LWAMBO ◽

J. R. STOTHARD

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Lake Victoria ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Human Migration ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Coi Sequences

SUMMARYIntestinal schistosomiasis continues to be a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, and is endemic in communities around Lake Victoria. Interest is growing in the molecular evolution and population genetic structure of Schistosoma mansoni and we describe a detailed analysis of the molecular epidemiology and phylogeography of S. mansoni from Lake Victoria. In total, 388 cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences were obtained from 25 sites along the Ugandan, Tanzanian and Kenyan shorelines of Lake Victoria, and 122 unique barcodes were identified; 9 corresponded to previously discovered barcodes from Lakes Victoria and Albert. A subset of the data, composed of COI sequences from miracidia from 10 individual children, was used for population genetics analyses; these results were corroborated by microsatellite analysis of 4 isolates of lab-passaged adult worms. Overall, 12 barcodes were found to be shared across all 3 countries, whereas the majority occurred singly and were locally restricted. The population genetics analyses were in agreement in revealing high diversity at the level of the human host and negligible population structuring by location. The lack of correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in these data may be attributed to the confounding influence of high intra-individual diversity as well as human migration between communities.

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