Energy Saving in Lighting Technologies of Agricultural Production

With the continue increase prices of the electricity while the financing of agriculture is remaining the same, agricultural production is increasingly difficult to satisfy the needs of the population with food production. Under these conditions the role of energy-saving technologies in agricultural production is relevant. In particular, very important is the use of optical radiation for irradiation of dairy herds, poultry and plants. In this article, methods of energy saving are presented, identified on the basis of long-term theoretical and practical research of the authors and their graduate students. The reliability of this research is confirmed by defended theses, the theoretical and practical achievements, the protocols of experiments, acts of economic and factory tests. The authors hope that this information will provide practical assistance to numerous small farms in our country while choosing energy-saving lighting technologies.

Discretionary Accounting Choice and Management Opportunistic Behavior to Manage Income

Income smoothing (IS) practice is "the smoothing of fluctuations company income levels that are considered normal for company". IS manipulation has a clear goal, which is to generate income flows that continue increase stably. There are several ways that companies can use to do IS practice for example: changes in accounting methods. In this research, income smoothing practices of Indonesian listed manufacturing firms were detected through empirical tests using changes in discretionary accounting (DAC). Samples of listed manufacturing companies classified as smoothing and non-smoothing using Moses smoothing behavior index. The results show that the possible motivation of DAC transactions is income smoothing. Two independent variables such as institutional ownership and external audit quality have a significant positive effect on IS practice but the company size has no influence on IS practice.

Simulasi perilaku air tanah Jakarta akibat pengambilan air tanah berlebihan

Excessive groundwater abstraction is a problem that often happened in urban areas in Indonesia, including in the capital city, DKI Jakarta Province. The imbalance between rapid rate of groundwater abstraction and the very slow rate of groundwater recharge causes groundwater level depletion can not be avoided. There are cone of depression founded in some area, such as Kalideres and Sunter. In this research conducted simulation of groundwater behavior in Jakarta related to groundwater abstraction in actual condition and projection up to 2080 with some scenarios that may occur. The simulation using numerical groundwater flow model IMOD with finite difference method. Simulation result for existing condition shows cone of depression expand to the area of Pulogadung, North Bekasi, Cengkareng, and Tambora. Groundwater projection concluded that groundwater abstraction is the main factor that influence the fluctuations of groundwater table. If groundwater abstraction can be controlled (scenario 2), groundwater level can be recovered. Meanwhile, if groundwater abstraction continue increase, although there are some additional injection wells (scenario3) or recharge capacity (scenario 4), the groundwater level still decrease significantly. Even the cone of depression decline becomes deeper and wider.

Effects of Anthropogenic Activities and Eutrophication along River Chanchaga, Minna, Nigeria

River Chanchaga is the major source of drinking water in Minna, Nigeria. This river has been a medium to an increasing pollution loads from contaminated runoff from different land uses degrading aquatic ecosystem and water quality in the river.This paper investigates the threat of anthropogenic influence on river environment and aquatic ecosystem distortion of River Chanchaga, Minna, Nigeria. Field work which include interview and observation methods were used to collect data on effect of anthropogenic and eutrophication along the study area. A total of Two Hundred and Fifty (250) people accounting for 0.5% of the total population were interviewed, making it eight per each community in thirty settlements along the study area. Physical observation of deforestation around sample sites spatially distributed along River Chanchaga depicted in Figure 2 was carried out to study mining activities, farming practice, crop types, and fallow duration to generate the mean and percentages of different anthropogenic activities along the study area. The findings revealed that deforestation is links to high demand for fire wood, lumbering, irrigation farming bank-side mining for sand and gold as depicted in Plat 1 and 2. Eutrophication at the upper course of river is links to high inflow of agricultural wastes and seasonal nature of the river from site A to C evident from Table 4 and constant flow from site C to K as a result of released water from Tagwai Dam that keeps (site C, the confluence of River Chanchaga and River Numui) middle and lower courses of River Chanchaga with sustainable moving water. The result further indicated that continue increase of pollution has a direct relationship to an increasing level of human activities like deforestation, mining activities and agricultural practices along the study area. The result also shows that there is decline in fallow duration as indicated in Table 1 and increase environmental related issues such as soil erosion, water floor (depth) reduction and distortion of river morphology of the study area. It is therefore recommended that the identified anthropogenic activities that lead to pollution and eutrophication such as river-side deforestation, irrigation farming, mining and other related environmental problems should be regulated and discourages to avoid further increase of pollution and distortion of river environment of the study area.

PEMANFAATAN TEKNIK IRRADIASI SINAR GAMMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN VIABILITAS BENIH SENGON

Sengon (Albizia falcataria ) is the most potential species that develop in community forest with agroforestry system. The problem of sengon plantation was the attack of pest and diseases, that influence the decrease of productivity of sengon. To increase the productivity of sengon can be start from the seed for example through increase the viability and vigor of seed. In seed crops, technique irradiation of gamma rays have been used as seed treatment to increase vigor and quality of seeds, but on forest seeds is still limited information. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the irradiation of gamma rays to increase viability of sengon seed. The research design was factorials in randomized completely design , which consist of 2 factors, first factor was the origin of seeds and second factor was the dosage of radiation. The results show that the origin of seed and dosage of gamma rays gave a significant responses to germination percentage(DB) and speed of germination (KCT). In general the irradiation of gamma rays can increase the germination percentage (DB) and speed of germination (KCT).. The increasing of DB and KCT start at dosage 5 Gy, and continue increase until 90 Gy. The viability of seed raise from 13.5 % - 50,9 % from control. The technique of gamma rays irradiation in low dosage can be used to increase viability and vigor of sengon seed.Sengon (Albizia falcataria) merupakan salah satu jenis andalan di hutan rakyat, pada umumnya jenis ini ditanam menggunakan system agroforestry. Permasalahan pada tanaman sengon saat ini adalah banyaknya hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tegakan sengon, sehingga mengakibatkan menurunnya produktivitas. Peningkatan produktivitas dapat diupayakan sejak dari tingkat benih yaitu melalui peningkatan viabilitas dan vigor benih. Pemanfaatan teknik irradiasi sinar gamma digunakan sebagai seed treatment untuk meningkatkan vigor dan kualitas benih sudah banyak dilakukan pada benih tanaman pertanian, namun pada benih tanaman hutan masih terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas penerapan teknik irradiasi sinar gamma untuk meningkatkan viabilitas benih sengon. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Faktorial dalam Acak Lengkap, terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu asal benih dan faktor lainnya adalah dosis radiasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asal benih dan dosis sinar gamma berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya berkecambah dan kecepatan berkecambah benih sengon. Secara umum menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam perkecambahan yaitu daya berkecambah (DB) dan kecepatan berkecambah (KCT) akibat pemberian perlakuan irradiasi dengan sinar gamma. Peningkatan DB dan KCT mulai terlhat pada dosis 5 Gy, dan terus meningkat hingga dosis 90 Gy. Daya Berkecambah benih meningkat antara 13,5 % – 50,9 % dari kontrol. Hal ini berarti teknik irradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis rendah dapat digunakan utnuk meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih sengon.

Kerjasama Pengelolaan Perikanan Samudera Hindia Dalam Rezim Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)

AbstrakNegara-negara di sekitar Samudera Hindia dihadapkan pada permasalahan perikanan yaitu berupa kegiatan penangkapan Ikan Tuna secara tidak sah (illegal), tidak dilaporkan (unreported) dan tidak sesuai dengan peraturan (unregulated) atau IUU fishing. Dari tahun ke tahun jumlah penangkapan Ikan Tuna di Samudera Hindia terus mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat dunia terhadap daging Ikan Tuna. Hal inilah yang kemudian mendorong munculnya kegiatan penangkapan ikan IUU tersebut yang tentu saja memberikan dampak negatif terhadap ketersediaan dan kelestarian Ikan Tuna itu sendiri. Perbedaan kapasitas yang dimiliki negara-negara di sekitar wilayah Samudera Hindia atau negara-negara lain yang memiliki kepentingan di wilayah tersebut dalam menanggulangi masalah IUU telah mendorong negara-negara tersebut untuk membentuk rezim kerjasama perikanan regional melalui pembentukan Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). Kerjasama ini diharapkan mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan kegiatan penangkapan Tuna secara IUU disamping pula permasalahan lain terkait pengelolaan dan konservasi Ikan Tuna di Samudera Hindia.Kata-kata kunci: kerjasama, rezim, perikanan tuna, IOTC, Samudera Hindia AbstractThe countries in Indian Ocean has several fishing problems such as Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Tuna fishing. Year by year Tuna fishing in Indian Ocean continue increase due to the increase of Tuna meat needed by people arround the world. This condition encourage the rise of IUU fishing that give a negative impact to the availability and conservation of the Tuna fish themself. The distinction of the countries capacity in Indian Ocean and another countries that have many interest and needed in that area has encourage those countries to establish regional cooperation regime in Tuna fishing through the establishment of Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). This cooperation is expected to solve IUU fishing and also another problems in management and conservation of Tuna Fish in Indian Ocean.Keywords: cooperation, rezim, tuna fisheries, IOTC, Indian Ocean

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG ALAT PELINDUNG TELINGA (EAR PLUG) DENGAN KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAANNYA PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN TENUN DEPARTEMEN WEAVING SL PT. DAYA MANUNGGAL

Pada pertemuan konsultasi WHO-SEARO Intercountry Meeting, di Indonesia bising merupakan penyebab gangguan pendengaran ketiga terbanyak. Diperkirakan sedikitnya satu juta karyawan terancam bising dan akan terus meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan Alat Pelindung Telinga (Ear Plug) pada Pekerja Bagian Tenun Departemen Weaving SL PT. Daya Manunggal Salatiga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi cross sectional. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 73 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling random sistematis. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan =0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan Alat Pelindung Telinga (ear plug) pada Pekerja Bagian Tenun Departemen Weaving SL PT. Daya Manunggal Salatiga (p=0,026). Saran yang dapat direkomendasikan dari hasil penelitian adalah perusahaan untuk lebih meningkatkan kedisiplinan pada pekerja dengan memberi sanksi yang tegas pada pekerja yang tidak menggunakan alat pelindung telinga (ear plug) serta lebih sering mengadakan pelatihan tentang alat pelindung diri khususnya ear plug. At the WHO-SEARO Intercountry Meeting, in Indonesia noise is the third highest cause of hearing lost. A million employees estimated threatened by noisy and will continue increase. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between knowledge and obedience to used an ear protective equipment (ear plug) for woven workers of Weaving SL Departement in Daya Manunggal Corp Salatiga. This research was a cross sectional study. The number of samples in this study were 73 respondents. Sampling used systematic random sampling. Instruments were questionnaire and observe sheet. Data analysis using chi square test with significance level = 0.05. The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and obedience obedience to used an ear protective equipment (ear plug) for woven workers of Weaving SL Departement in Daya Manunggal Corp Salatiga (p = 0.026). Suggest that recomended from this study to the company is to further enhance discipline workers by providing strict sanctions on workers who do not use ear protective equipment (ear plugs), second more frequent training on personal protective equipment, especially ear plug.

Relationship Study between Bolt Shape and Anchor Performance

Relationship between bolt rib type, rib height, rib spacing and anchor performance have been studied through laboratory drawing test method. Bolt rib type plays a significant impact on the bolt anchor performance. The bigger of the bolt rib height and higher of the drawing force, the better of the anchor performance, but when the rib reach a certain height, drawing force will not increase obvious with the continue increase of rib height. Drawing force will different if the rib spacing is different, and with the increase of rib spacing, drawing force will increase at first and then reduce. When the rib spacing is about 30mm, the drawing force will get the maximum and the best of the anchor performance.

Saline Agriculture in the 21st Century: Using Salt Contaminated Resources to Cope Food Requirements

With the continue increase of the world population the requirements for food, freshwater, and fuel are bigger every day. This way an urgent necessity to develop, create, and practice a new type of agriculture, which has to be environmentally sustainable and adequate to the soils, is arising. Among the stresses in plant agriculture worldwide, the increase of soil salinity is considered the major stress. This is particularly emerging in developing countries that present the highest population growth rates, and often the high rates of soil degradation. Therefore, salt-tolerant plants provide a sensible alternative for many developing countries. These plants have the capacity to grow using land and water unsuitable for conventional crops producing food, fuel, fodder, fibber, resin, essential oils, and pharmaceutical products. In addition to their production capabilities they can be used simultaneously for landscape reintegration and soil rehabilitation. This review will cover important subjects concerning saline agriculture and the crop potential of halophytes to use salt-contaminated resources to manage food requirements.