scholarly journals Smart Cities and COVID-19: Implications for Data Ecosystems from Lessons Learned in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Gupte ◽  
Sarath MG Babu ◽  
Debjani Ghosh ◽  
Eric Kasper ◽  
Priyanka Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Urban Regimes ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Frugal Innovations

This brief distils best data practice recommendations through consideration of key issues involved in the use of technology for surveillance, fact-checking and coordinated control during crisis or emergency response in resource constrained urban contexts. We draw lessons from how data enabled technologies were used in urban COVID-19 response, as well as how standard implementation procedures were affected by the pandemic. Disease control is a long-standing consideration in building smart city architecture, while humanitarian actions are increasingly digitised. However, there are competing city visions being employed in COVID-19 response. This is symptomatic of a broader range of tech-based responses in other humanitarian contexts. These visions range from aspirations for technology driven, centralised and surveillance oriented urban regimes, to ‘frugal innovations’ by firms, consumers and city governments. Data ecosystems are not immune from gendered- and socio-political discrimination, and technology-based interventions can worsen existing inequalities, particularly in emergencies. Technology driven public health (PH) interventions thus raise concerns about 1) what types of technologies are appropriate, 2) whether they produce inclusive outcomes for economically and socially disadvantaged urban residents and 3) the balance between surveillance and control on one hand, and privacy and citizen autonomy on the other.

NOA Air-Quality Lessons Learned During Calaveras Dam Replacement Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Bart Eklund ◽  
John Roadifer ◽  
Noel Wong ◽  
Michael Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Asbestos ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Community Exposure ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The Calaveras Dam Replacement Project (CDRP) pioneered technical approaches for addressing community exposure to naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) via the inhalation pathway. Over the course of the CDRP, approaches were developed for key issues, including determining the NOA particles of interest, defining the toxicity limits to apply to various types of NOA particles, establishing dust control, and creating appropriate feedback loops for using laboratory data. Specific issues of interest included whether to count only structures above a certain length and the inhalation unit risk value to use for amphiboles. The knowledge gained on the CDRP can and is being used to optimize NOA evaluation and control at other, similar projects.

scholarly journals A Sociotechnical Framework for Smart Urban Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaxiong Jiang ◽  
Stan Geertman ◽  
Patrick Witte
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Urban Contexts

Over the past decade, the dominant entrepreneurial form of urban governance has seriously hindered the transformation of cities by neglecting the role of urban contexts in shaping governance structures and outcomes. To promote alternatives, this article presents a sociotechnical framework for smart urban governance. This framework explicitly examines the impacts of urban contexts on the sociotechnical interaction between urban technological innovation and urban governance in the realm of smart cities. Three real-world cases were used to demonstrate how the framework can be applied in different urban contexts. The results show that the alleged smartness in smart urban governance by no means implies the simple acceptance, adoption, and use of technology; instead, it needs to be conditionate. For successful smart urban governance, urban technological innovation should be effectively attuned to the wider urban actors and preexisting urban challenges (i.e., the urban governance process), with a special focus on the urban context.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Anti-Privacy and Control at the Nexus between the Concepts of Safe City and Smart City

Smart Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Allam
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The emergence of Big Data, accelerated through the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence, from the emerging, contemporary concept of smart cities coupled with that of the notion for safe cities is raising concerns of privacy and good governance that are impacting on socio-economic and liveability dimensions of urban fabrics. As these gain ground, largely due to economic pressures from large ICT providers, there is a notable increase towards the need for inclusion of human dimensions, complemented by the use of technology. However, the latter is seen as catalysing elements of control and propaganda which are thriving through oversimplified and non-inclusive urban IT policy measures. This paper dwells on the intersecting subjects of smart and safe cities and explores the highlighted issues that are deemed to cause concern and further explore the need for transparency and inclusivity in urban processes and systems. This paper is oriented towards urban planners and policy makers looking at the implementation of smart and safe cities concepts.

Maximizing Outcomes in Group Treatment of Aphasia: Lessons Learned From a Community-Based Center

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Communication Impairments ◽  
Treatment Settings

Given the potential of long term intervention to positively influence speech/language and psychosocial domains, a treatment protocol was developed at the Stroke Comeback Center which addresses communication impairments arising from chronic aphasia. This article presents the details of this program including the group purposes and principles, the use of technology in groups, and the applicability of a group program across multiple treatment settings.

U.S. Regulatory Approaches: A Critical Appraisal

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
R. L. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The American approach to environmental regulation is characterized by fragmentation of responsibilities, primary reliance on command and control regulations, extraordinary complexity, a preference for identifiable standards, and heavy resort to litigation. This system has provided important benefits, including significant reduction of environmental contamination, substantial use of science in decision-making, broad participatory rights, and the stimulation of new treatment technologies. However, these gains have been achieved at excessive cost. Too much reliance is placed on command and control methods and especially on technology-based standards. There is too much resort to litigation, and inadequate input from science. Participatory rights are being undermined, and there is a poor allocation of decision-making among the federal agencies and the states. Over-regulation sometimes leads to under-regulation, and insufficient attention is given to the impact on small entities. The responsibility for these difficulties rests with everyone, including the federal agencies, the Congress, the general public and the courts. Changes in the regulatory system are needed. We should abandon the use of technology-based standards to control toxic substances under the Clean Water Act in favor of strong health- and environmentally based standards, coupled with taxes on toxic substances in wastewater.

Food for thought: food systems, livestock futures and animal health

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Angela Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Futures Research ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Food

AbstractGlobal food security, livestock production and animal health are inextricably bound. However, our focus on the future tends to disaggregate food and health into largely separate domains. Indeed, much foresight work is either food systems or health-based with little overlap in terms of predictions or narratives. Work on animal health is no exception. Part of the problem is the fundamental misunderstanding of the role, nature and impact of the modern futures tool kit. Here, I outline three key issues in futures research ranging from methodological confusion over the application of scenarios to the failure to effectively integrate multiple methodologies to the gap between the need for more evidence and power and control over futures processes. At its core, however, a better understanding of the narrative and worldview framing much of the futures work in animal health is required to enhance the value and impact of such exercises.

scholarly journals Chikungunya outbreak in Al-Hudaydah, Yemen, 2011: Epidemiological characterization and key lessons learned for early detection and control

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamunur Rahman Malik ◽  
Abraham Mnzava ◽  
Emad Mohareb ◽  
Alia Zayed ◽  
Abdulhakeem Al Kohlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

scholarly journals Guardianship in the Digital Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Reynald
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Digital Crime ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Control

This conceptual article focuses on the potential to advance and extend guardianship using new digital crime prevention applications that have been developed as a consequence of technological advancements in communication and social engagement. The new opportunity structure for informal guardianship through active citizen participation and involvement in crime prevention and control efforts using the Internet and smartphones is discussed to emphasize how this has changed in the digital age. Specifically, the article highlights how the fundamental tenets of guardianship (i.e., what it means to be available, how supervision or monitoring is carried out and ways of intervening) have evolved due to neighborhood watch/community safety mobile applications. Based on what we have learned about guardianship, this article considers the potential for these digital crime prevention applications to extend and support guardianship. It also assesses these applications critically by highlighting some of the concerns and risks that need to be considered amid the proliferation of these new platforms for crime control. The article concludes by weighing up the pros and cons with a view to focusing on key issues in the continued development of such applications so their potential can be maximized.

scholarly journals A Unified Smart City Model (USCM) for Smart City Conceptualization and Benchmarking

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas Anthopoulos ◽  
Marijn Janssen ◽  
Vishanth Weerakkody
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Architecture ◽  
The World ◽  
City Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
Urban Characteristics

Smart cities have attracted an extensive and emerging interest from both science and industry with an increasing number of international examples emerging from all over the world. However, despite the significant role that smart cities can play to deal with recent urban challenges, the concept has been being criticized for not being able to realize its potential and for being a vendor hype. This paper reviews different conceptualization, benchmarks and evaluations of the smart city concept. Eight different classes of smart city conceptualization models have been discovered, which structure the unified conceptualization model and concern smart city facilities (i.e., energy, water, IoT etc.), services (i.e., health, education etc.), governance, planning and management, architecture, data and people. Benchmarking though is still ambiguous and different perspectives are followed by the researchers that measure -and recently monitor- various factors, which somehow exceed typical technological or urban characteristics. This can be attributed to the broadness of the smart city concept. This paper sheds light to parameters that can be measured and controlled in an attempt to improve smart city potential and leaves space for corresponding future research. More specifically, smart city progress, local capacity, vulnerabilities for resilience and policy impact are only some of the variants that scholars pay attention to measure and control.

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