Advances in production and formulation of commercial microbial bioprotectant products

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-186
Author(s):  
Jacob Eyal ◽  
◽  
Michael Dimock ◽  
José João Carvalho ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Single Domain Antibody ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Active Substances

This chapter reviews the recent commercialization of microbial bioprotectant products containing bacteria, fungi, yeast and bacteriophages for the control of plant diseases. The chapter also summarizes recent development activities of new bioprotectant products based on microorganisms or their metabolites, including induced resistance products, single domain antibody proteins produced by microorganisms, and protozoans (amoebae). Production, mainly by submerged fermentation, and formulation processes of microbial bioprotectants will be discussed. Key factors influencing the fermentation, formulation and the scale up for industrial production of such microorganism as bioprotectant products are also addressed, including stability and viability of the active substances produced by liquid fermentation processes.

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi: Biological Control and Induced Resistance to Phytopathogens and Abiotic Stresses

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Samuel de Paula ◽  
Abel Galon Torres ◽  
Victor Hugo Moura de Souza ◽  
Sérgio Florentino Pascholati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Active Substances

Plant diseases cause losses of approximately 16% globally. Thus, management measures must be implemented to mitigate losses and guarantee food production. In addition to traditional management measures, induced resistance and biological control have gained ground in agriculture due to their enormous potential. Endophytic fungi internally colonize plant tissues and have the potential to act as control agents, such as biological agents or elicitors in the process of induced resistance and in attenuating abiotic stresses. In this review, we list the mode of action of this group of microorganisms which can act in controlling plant diseases and describe several examples in which endophytes were able to reduce the damage caused by pathogens and adverse conditions. This is due to their arsenal of molecules generated during the interaction by which they form a kind of biological shield in the plant. Furthermore, considering that endophytic fungi can be an important tool in managing for biotic and abiotic stresses due to the large amount of biologically active substances produced, bioprospecting this class of microorganisms is tending to increase and generate valuable products for agriculture.

Consumers‟ Acceptance of „Halal‟ Credit Card Services: An Empirical Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimy Johana Johan ◽  
Lennora Putit
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Financial Credit ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Many past researches have been carried out in an attempt to continuously understand individuals‟ consumption behaviour. This study was conducted to investigate key factors influencing consumers‟ potential acceptance of halal (or permissible) financial credit card services. Specifically, it anticipated the influence of attitude, social influences and perceived control on consumers‟ behavioural intention to accept such services. In addition, factors such as religiosity and product knowledge were also postulated to affect consumers‟ attitude towards the act of using halal credit cards for any retail or business transactions. Using non-probability sampling approach, a total of 500 survey questionnaires was distributed to targeted respondents in a developing nation but only 220 usable feedbacks were received for subsequent data analysis. Regression results revealed that religiosity and product knowledge significantly influence consumers‟ attitude toward using halal credit card services.  Attitude in turn, subsequently has a significant impact on consumers‟ intention to accept halal financial credit card services. Several theoretical and managerial contributions were observed in this study.   

scholarly journals Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Their Consequences: A Cross Sectional Study in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Baraka ◽  
Amany Alboghdadly ◽  
Samar Alshawwa ◽  
Asim Ahmed Elnour ◽  
Hassan Alsultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Factors Influencing

Factors reported in the literature associated with inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials include physicians with less experience, uncertain diagnosis, and patient caregiver influences on physicians’ decisions. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance is critical for identifying emerging resistance patterns, developing, and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Improvement in prescribing antimicrobials would minimize the risk of resistance and, consequently, improve patients’ clinical and health outcomes. The purpose of the study is to delineate factors associated with antimicrobial resistance, describe the factors influencing prescriber’s choice during prescribing of antimicrobial, and examine factors related to consequences of inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobial. A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare providers (190) in six tertiary hospitals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The research panel has developed, validated, and piloted survey specific with closed-ended questions. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. All data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS version 23.0). 72.7% of the respondents have agreed that poor skills and knowledge are key factors that contribute to the inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials. All of the respondents acknowledged effectiveness, previous experience with the antimicrobial, and reading scientific materials (such as books, articles, and the internet) as being key factors influencing physicians’ choice during antimicrobial prescribing. The current study has identified comprehensive education and training needs for healthcare providers about antimicrobial resistance. Using antimicrobials unnecessarily, insufficient duration of antimicrobial use, and using broad spectrum antimicrobials were reported to be common practices. Furthermore, poor skills and knowledge were a key factor that contributed to the inappropriate use and overuse of antimicrobials, and the use of antimicrobials without a physician’s prescription (i.e., self-medication) represent key factors which contribute to AMR from participants’ perspectives. Furthermore, internal policy and guidelines are needed to ensure that the antimicrobials are prescribed in accordance with standard protocols and clinical guidelines.

scholarly journals Genetic and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Influencing the Content of Antioxidants in Cucurbit Crops

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martínez ◽  
Juan Luis Valenzuela ◽  
Manuel Jamilena
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Cucurbitaceae is one of the most economically important plant families, and includes some worldwide cultivated species like cucumber, melons, and squashes, and some regionally cultivated and feral species that contribute to the human diet. For centuries, cucurbits have been appreciated because of their nutritional value and, in traditional medicine, because of their ability to alleviate certain ailments. Several studies have demonstrated the remarkable contents of valuable compounds in cucurbits, including antioxidants such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, but also tannins and terpenoids, which are abundant. This antioxidant power is beneficial for human health, but also in facing plant diseases and abiotic stresses. This review brings together data on the antioxidant properties of cucurbit species, addressing the genetic and pre- and postharvest factors that regulate the antioxidant content in different plant organs. Environmental conditions, management, storage, and pre- and postharvest treatments influencing the biosynthesis and activity of antioxidants, together with the biodiversity of this family, are determinant in improving the antioxidant potential of this group of species. Plant breeding, as well as the development of innovative biotechnological approaches, is also leading to new possibilities for exploiting cucurbits as functional products.

Small Bowel Obstruction

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Colleen Trevino
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Bowel Ischemia ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Imaging Response

Strategies for the management of small bowel obstructions have changed significantly over the years. Nonoperative medical management has become the mainstay of treatment of many small bowel obstructions. However, the key to the management of small bowel obstructions is identifying those patients who need surgical intervention. Identification of those at risk for bowel ischemia and bowel death is an art as much as it is a science. Using the current literature and the past knowledge regarding small bowel obstructions, the clinician must carefully identify the signs and symptoms that suggest the need for operative intervention. Classification of the obstruction, history and physical examination, imaging, response to decompression and resuscitation, and resolution or progression of symptoms are the key factors influencing the management of small bowel obstructions.

Study on How to Identify the Key Factors Influencing Driving Behavior

ICCTP 2011 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-fan Li ◽  
Dian-hai Wang ◽  
Feng Sun ◽  
Chang-jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing
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