Repressing The Fanatism in Madurese Society Through Legal Culture Strengthening

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Achmad - Fauzi ◽  
Achmad Faidi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The strong fanaticism of Madurese society to issues of diversities on religious, beliefs, opinions to socio-religious affiliation makes it prone to any conflict like what occurred between Shiite-Sunni in Sampang. The minority group finds it hard to express their belief, such as building worship houses. This hegemony requires the right way to foster attitudes and understanding on values of tolerance and diversity. This article argues the importance of building public legal awareness through legal culture strengthening. The historical normative approach becomes the main foundation including the conception of tolerance in religious texts (the Qur'an and hadith), the Medina Charter, the conception of human rights in the Cairo Declaration, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and several other laws governing religious tolerance and human rights in Indonesia. It reveals the importance of legal culture strengthening because public legal awareness can’t only be built through legal substance and legal structure. Furthermore, legal culture strengthening also functions to maximize several existing legal products on the tolerance building. The strengthening program can be through massive socialization instruments in public spaces both in academic areas, such as universities and other social institutions.(Kuatnya fanatisme masyarakat Madura terhadap isu-isu perbedaan agama, keyakinan, pandangan, hingga afiliasi sosial keagamaan menyebabkan kerawanan munculnya konflik seperti konflik Syi’ah-Sunni di Sampang. Kelompok minoritas cenderung kesulitan mengekspresikan keyakinannya, seperti saat akan membangun tempat ibadah. Hegemoni semacam ini mengharuskan adanya cara yang tepat guna menumbuhkan sikap dan pemahaman tentang nilai-nilai toleransi dan keberagaman. Artikel ini memperlihatkan pentingnya membangun kesadaran hukum masyarakat melalui penguatan legal culture. Pendekatan normatif historis menjadi pijakan utama meliputi konsepsi toleransi dalam teks-teks keagamaan (al-Qur’an dan al-hadits), Piagam Madinah (Madinah Charter), konsepsi HAM dalam Deklarasi Kairo, Universal Declaration of Human Right (UDHR), Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 serta beberapa Undang-Undang lain tentang toleransi beragama dan HAM di Indonesia. Artikel ini mengungkapkan pentingnya penguatan legal culture di masyarakat sebab kesadaran hukum tidak bisa dibangun hanya dengan legal substance dan legal structure. Selain itu, penguatan legal culture juga berfungsi untuk memaksimalkan beberapa produk hukum yang ada terkait upaya membangun toleransi. Penguatan legal culture dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai instrument sosialiasi yang masif melalui ruang-ruang publik, baik di lingkup akademik, seperti perguruan tinggi maupun lembaga-lembanga sosial kemasyarakatan lainnya.)

scholarly journals El derecho humano a participar: Estudio del artículo 21 de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos = The human right to participate: Study of article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Jorge Castellanos Claramunt
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Development ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

RESUMEN: El derecho a la participación política se encuentra en el artículo 21 de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos como un derecho humano. Este derecho ha seguido un desarrollo a nivel internacional desde una perspectiva global, así como continental, por lo que se analiza su evolución en los últimos 70 años y el impacto que ha tenido dentro del desarrollo del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos. Por último se subraya el carácter fundamental del derecho a participar así como una proyección de su desarrollo en el futuro.ABSTRACT: The right to political participation is found in article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a human right. This right has followed an international development from a global as well as a continental perspective, so its evolution over the last 70 years and the impact it has had on the development of the International Law of Human Rights is analyzed. Finally, the fundamental character of the right to participate is stressed, as well as a projection of its.PALABRAS CLAVE: derechos humanos, participación política, democracia, ciudadanía, derechos.KEYWORDS: human rights, political participation, democracy, citizenship, rights.

scholarly journals The Right to Freedom of Express Opinions in Public Based on Pancasila

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Triwahyuningsih Triwahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The West ◽  
The Right

Freedom to express opinions in public is a human right guaranteed by the 1945 Indonesian Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The concept of human rights originating from the West resulted in its application often causing problems. This problem arises because the values of freedom that are generally upheld in the West are different from the specific values based on the philosophy and way of life in each country.  The purpose of this study is to describe how the freedom to express opinions in public is in accordance with the values of Pancasila ideology. This research is normative legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Using primary and secondary legal materials also analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results of the study conclude that the right to express freedom in public must be in accordance with the values of Pancasila, which is to fulfill the principle of balance between the rights and obligations of every citizen with the goal of responsible freedom being realized. Rights should not be understood only as claims on others, but also contain an obligation to respect the rights of others. Rights always have implications for obligations. All obligations, like all rights, derive from law, because all obligations are moral imperatives and all moral imperatives arise from law. Its application always upholds the values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy and aims to realize social justice for all Indonesian people.Keywords: right of freedom, express opinion, Pancasila

scholarly journals APOSTASY: IS IT HUMAN RIGHTS OR/AND FREEDOM OF RELIGION?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Adibah Sulaiman ◽  
◽  
Md Yazid Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Azmir Mohd Nizah ◽  
Ezad Azraai Jamsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The West ◽  
Freedom Of Belief ◽  
The Right

This study investigates the issue of apostasy or riddahor as a human right to freedom of religion or belief, especially among the Muslims. The purpose is to examine the question of whether apostasy should be recognized by modern Muslim states and societies as a human right that must be guaranteed for their citizens. Or, should it strictly be denied, thus freedom of religion or belief should not be extended to apostasy for Muslims and Muslim converts? The method used to complete the study is historical research and content analysis. This study showed that the call for recognition of apostasy as a human right is indeed influenced by the West which extremely enjoys freedom of belief or religion. As for Islam, apostasy is indeed contradictory with its teachings. This article is meaningful as it highlights the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights (UIDHR) which speaks on religious freedom with limitations. UIDHR invariably attempts to match the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) that recognizes the right to believe in whatever men want or to change their religion as they wish, at any time.

scholarly journals Justification of the Citizens’ Right of Access to Public Passenger Transport Services by the Human Rights to Mobility and Equality Before the Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 149174
Author(s):  
Branko Korže ◽  
Ivana Tucak
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Law ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access

As opposed to authors who strive to justify the right of access to public passenger transport services of citizens predominantly on the principles of justice deriving from social ethics, the authors of this article justify the right of such access on the human rights to mobility and equality before the law, as the rights based on international legal acts, whereas the principles of fairness are used to upgrade the human right to equality and prohibition of discrimination. Based on the rights to mobility and equality before the law, the authors justify an obligation of democratic states to introduce a law to provide for people an adequate access to public passenger transport services at the interurban and urban level. The theoretical findings established herein will serve as a basis to evaluate legal regulations in the selected states (the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia), and create proposals to change the same.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Yuridis Putusan Constitutional Review Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Hak Mantan Narapidana Untuk Menjadi Pejabat Publik Yang Dipilih

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanang Nur Wahyudi ◽  
Nynda Fatmawati Octarina
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

Hak Politik dilindungi hukum, baik secara internasional maupun nsional. secara internasional, hak politik diatur Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) dan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). hak politik juga dilindungi konsitusi kita dan beberapa peraturan Perundang-Undangan lainnya, serutama Undang-Undang no 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Adanya ketentuan yang merupakan syarat untuk mencalonkan diri pada pemilihan yang jelas membatasi bahkan meniadakan hak seseorang untuk ikut serta dalam menggunakan hak azasinya. Hal ini jelas merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak azasi seseorang, yang dalam hal ini hak politik yang dimiliki oleh seorang mantan narapidana khususnya pada kasus korupsi. Apabila kita mencermati ketentuan UUD 1945, maka seorang mantan narapidana juga sebagai warga negara yang memiliki hak politik yang sama dengan warga negara lainnya. Hak Uji materiel terhadap peraturan yang  bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, maka kewenangan hak menguji ada pada Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK). Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi memberi kepastian hukum bahwa seorang mantan Narapidana kasus korupsi masih diperbolehkan untuk mencalonkan diri pada pemilihan kepala daerah karena mantan narapidana masih memiliki hak politik sebagai warga negara. Untuk dapat mencalonkan diri pada pemilihan kepala daerah, maka mantan narapidana setelah melewati masa 5 (lima) tahun  selesai menjalani masa hukuman dan telah kembali kepada kehidupan masyarakat sebagaimana kehidupan masyarakat lainnya. Menghormati hak politik mantan narapidana kasus korupsi sebagai pengakuan terhadap hak azasi manusia dalam negara Republik Indonesia yang merupakan hak konstitusional yang diatur dalam UUD Tahun 1945. Kata Kunci : Narapidana, Judisial Review, Hak, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi ABSTRACTPolitical rights are protected by law, both internationally and nationally. Internationally, political rights are regulated by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Political rights are also protected by our constitution and several other laws and regulations, especially Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. There is a provision which is a requirement to run for election which clearly limits and even negates a person's right to participate in exercising their human rights. This is clearly a violation of a person's human rights, which in this case the political rights of an ex-convict, especially in cases of corruption. If we look at the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, an ex-convict is also a citizen who has the same political rights as other citizens. The right to judicial review of regulations that are contrary to the 1945 Constitution, the authority of the right to examine lies with the Constitutional Court (MK). The Constitutional Court's decision provides legal certainty that a former convict in a corruption case is still allowed to run for regional head elections because ex-convicts still have political rights as citizens. To be able to run for regional head elections, ex-convicts after passing through a period of 5 (five) years have finished serving their sentence and have returned to community life as other people's lives. Respect the political rights of ex-convicts of corruption cases as an acknowledgment of human rights in the Republic of Indonesia which are constitutional rights regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Keywords: Prisoners, Judicial Review, Rights, Constitutional Court Decisions

Dignity

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-160
Author(s):  
William A. Schabas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Right

Human dignity is not necessarily treated as a human right per se, but it may describe in particular several of the most fundamental rights that concern physical and psychological integrity: the right to life, the prohibition of torture and ill treatment, the prohibition of slavery and servitude, the right to liberty and security, and the recognition as a person before the law. Within these rubrics, some quite specific issues are addressed including the resort to capital punishment and other extreme penalties, the criminalisation of genocide, and the imposition of medical treatment. The references to dignity in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights appear to make up for the absence of any recognition of a supreme being,

The right to education as a fundamental human right

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Emine Zendeli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Keywords Education

The right to education is a fundamental human right proclaimed by Articles 13 and 14 of the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). Ratifying this document, state parties fully agree ‘that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms’. The right to education is considered as a fundamental human right in a series of other 20th century international documents, which guarantee and protect this right for everyone, irrespective of race, colour, religion, gender, social status, etc. This paper aims to respond to questions on the observance of this right and whether it has been limited. The research is based on international documents that regulate this specific category, as well as on the respective legislation and practice within educational institutions in the Republic of Macedonia. Keywords: Education, fundamental human rights, covenant, law.  

The Human Right to Water from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the New Agenda for Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Marianna Pace
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Human Right ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
International Water Law ◽  
International Water ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The article explores the evolutionary path that led to the emergence of the right to water as human rights, since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights till to its inclusion in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In particular, on the one hand the paper analyses the definition and the content of the right to water, as well as the obligations stemming for contracting States to the international treaties recognizing this right. On the other one, it focuses specifically on how to ensure an effective guarantee of the right to water. Finally, the analysis assesses the contribution of Goal 6, included in 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to the international water law regime.

Freedom of Assembly and Safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Mikołajczyk ◽  
Jarosław Struniawski
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global Principles ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Assembly

The article refers to freedom and human rights as universal and global principles covering all aspects of human life. Human rights are those freedoms, means of protection and services respected precisely as rights, which all people should be able to demand from the society in which they live, in accordance with today's freedoms. On the other hand, as rights they solely occur among individuals and authorities. None of the authority can take them away. They can not be waived or renounced. In Poland, guarantees of respect for human rights - to which all people are entitled and citizen's rights - to which only Polish citizens are entitled are included in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. According to it, the inherent and inalienable human dignity is a source of freedom and human and citizen's rights. One of the fundamental human right is the freedom of assembly. The possibility of using the freedom of assembly must be dictated by the need to ensure the protection of national security or public order, protection of health, public morals and rights and freedom of other people. Due to the subject matter discussed, the study focused on peaceful assemblies, which organization is guaranteed by law, on the other hand no illegal forms of protest were described - the blockades and occupation of buildings, transport routes, or prohibited strike forms. The main task of ensuring security during assemblies rests with the Police, whose fundamental duty is to facilitate the conduct of assemblies. It is important to find a balance between maintaining order and exercising the right of assembly.

scholarly journals Freedom of speech as a fundamental right within the situational context of the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Marin Domente ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The right to freedom of expression and information is guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) in all member states of the Council of Europe. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) applying Article 10 must be considered an international standard of authority on the protection of this human right, including the right to express, transmit and receive opinions and information without the interference of public authorities. Freedom of expression is one of the most cherished constitutional rights in democracies. Freedom of expression affects every aspect of our social and political system and receives explicit and implicit protection in every modern democratic constitution. Moreover, it is frequently mentioned in public discourse and has inspired an impressive volume of legal and philosophical literature. Since its inclusion in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the right to freedom of opinion and expression has been protected in all relevant international human rights treaties. In international law, the freedom to express opinions and ideas is considered essential both at the individual level, insofar as it contributes to the full development of a person, and being a cornerstone of a democratic society.

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