scholarly journals Assessment of the correlation between cephalometric and facial analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tomás Oliveira ◽  
Amanda Candemil
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between angular and linear measurements obtained from cephalometric and facial analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with indication for orthodontic treatment were selected. Then a trained examiner assessed in lateral cephalographs the following linear measurements proposed by McNamara: Co-A; Co-Gn; A-NPerp; Pog-NPerp; maxillary-mandibular discrepancy. Moreover, angular nasolabial angle, N-A, A-Pog, and Frankfurt Mandibular Angle (FMA) were computed. Likewise, the corresponding facial measurements in lateral photographs were measured, as follows: Co'-A'; Co'-Gn'; A'-NPerp'; Pog'- NPerp'; Maxillary-mandibular discrepancy; nasolabial angle; N-A-Pog; FMA. RESULTS: Pearson’s correlation test was applied to the results. All measurements were compared separately with their corresponding facial and cephalometric measurements. Results: The assessed linear measurements showed no statistical correlation. The nasolabial angle measurement showed a significant correlation, while FMA and NA-Pog measurements showed a low correlation. CONCLUSION: According to the methodology applied, the results of linear, facial and cephalometric measurements showed no correlation. Of the angular measurements, only the nasolabial showed a significant correlation.

Reproducibility of Cephalometric Measurements

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Methods Of Measurement

This cephalometric study was undertaken to compare and contrast the errors involved in taking linear and angular measurements using three different methods; hand instruments on tracing, digitization of tracings, and direct digitization of the radiographs. Of the three methods direct digitization of the radiographs proved to be the most reproducible particularly with angular measurements, although statistically significant differences were rarely found. Tracings were advantageous only with linear measurements involving constructed points such as Gonion and Articulare. Traditional methods of measurement using a ruler and protractor compared well with computer based methods involving the digitizer.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of measurements in tablet-assisted, PC-aided, and manual cephalometric analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Goracci ◽  
Marco Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Landmark Identification ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the reproducibility of cephalometric measurements performed with software for a tablet, with a program for personal computers (PCs), and manually. Materials and Methods: The pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 20 patients that were acquired using the same digital cephalometer were collected. Tracings were performed with NemoCeph for Windows (Nemotec), with SmileCeph for iPad (Glace Software), and by hand. Landmark identification was carried out with a mouse-driven cursor using NemoCeph and with a stylus pen on the iPad screen using SmileCeph. Hand tracings were performed on printouts of the cephalograms, using a 0.3-mm 2H pencil and a protractor. Cephalometric landmarks and linear and angular measurements were recorded. All the tracings were done by the same investigator. To evaluate reproducibility, for each cephalometric measurement the agreement between the value derived from NemoCeph, that given by SmileCeph and that measured manually was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was rated as low for an ICC ≤0.75, and an ICC > 0.75 was considered indicative of good agreement. Also, differences in measurements between each software and manual tracing were statistically evaluated (P < .05). Results: All the measurements had ICC >0.8, indicative of a high agreement among the tracing methods. Relatively lower ICCs occurred for linear measurements related to the occlusal plane and to N perpendicular to the Frankfurt plane. Differences in measurements between both software programs and hand tracing were not statistically significant for any of the cephalometric parameters. Conclusion: Tablet-assisted, PC-aided, and manual cephalometric tracings showed good agreement.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Norms in an Omani Adult Population of Arab Descent

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashantha S. Govinakovi ◽  
Ibrahim Al-Busaidi ◽  
Viswapurna Senguttuvan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Arab Descent ◽  
The Military ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
Centric Occlusion

Objectives: This study aimed to establish cephalometric norms for an Omani population of Arab descent and to compare these with established cephalometric values for Caucasians. Methods: This cross-sectional studywas conducted at the Military Dental Centre and Oman Dental College in Muscat, Oman, between May 2014 and October 2016. A total of 150 Omani patients between 20–29 years old seeking orthodontic treatment were included. All participants had a symmetrical face, class I molar and canine relationships, proper intercuspation, a normal overjet/overbite (<3 mm) and mild spacing/crowding of the teeth (≤3 mm). Lateral cephalography was performed in centric occlusion with the lips relaxed and the head in a natural position. Cephalometric measurements were then compared with Eastman Standard norms. Results: The Omani subjects were found to have a slightly retrusive maxilla, an increased angle between the maxillary and mandibular planes and shorter facial heights in comparison to the Eastman Standard norms. Furthermore, incisor relations were edge-to-edge in nature and the interincisal angle was reduced, suggesting that the Omani subjects had more proclined incisors. In addition, the lips were more protrusive and the nasolabial angle was more obtuse. Conclusion: In the Omani sample, increased proclination of the incisors was observed in comparison to Eastman Standard norms. As such, slightly more proclined incisors should be considered acceptable and natural among Omani patients of Arab descent. The cephalometric findings of this study may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic problems among Omanis of Arab descent.Keywords: Cephalometry, standards; Population Characteristics; Ethnic Groups; Arabs; Orthodontics; Oman.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Assessment of Effect of Head Rotation toward Focal Spot on Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Naresh ◽  
Naveen Shamnur ◽  
NK Lokesh ◽  
KVV Pratapvarma ◽  
C Srikrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Spot ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
Midsagittal Plane ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Holding Device ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

ABSTRACT Introduction The patient's head can be slightly rotated sagittally vertically or transversely with the head holding device. Because of such improper positions due to head rotation, an error can occur in cephalometric measurements. The purpose of this study was to identify the projection errors of lateral cephalometric radiograph due to head rotation in the vertical Z-axis toward the focal spot. Materials and methods Ten human dry skulls with permanent dentition were collected. Each dry skull was rotated from 0° to +20° at 5° intervals. A vertical axis, the Z-axis, was used as a rotational axis to have 50 lateral cephalometric radiographs exposed. Four linear (S-N, Go-Me, N-Me, S-Go) and six angular measurements (SNA, SNB, N-S-Ar, S-Ar-Go, Ar-Go-Me, ABmandibular plane angle) were calculated manually. Results The findings were that: (1) Angular measurements have fewer projection errors than linear measurements. (2) The greater the number of landmarks on the midsagittal plane that are included in angular measurements, the fewer the projection errors occurring. (3) Horizontal linear measurements have more projection errors than vertical linear measurements. Conclusion The angular measurements of lateral cephalometric radiographs are more useful than linear measurements in minimizing the projection errors associated with head rotation on a vertical axis toward the focal spot. How to cite this article Naresh V, Lokesh NK, Pratapvarma KVV, Srikrishna C, Chakravarthy VG, Shamnur N. Cephalometric Assessment of Effect of Head Rotation toward Focal Spot on Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):202-207.

scholarly journals Changes in vermilion lip morphology following orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction for Angle Class II maxillary protrusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Yuko Oomori ◽  
Jun Nihara ◽  
Kojiro Takahashi ◽  
Isao Saito
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Angle Class Ii ◽  
Angle Class ◽  
Angular Measurements

Objectives: The objective of the study was to clarify the changes in vermilion lip morphology following orthodontic treatment in Japanese patients with Class II maxillary protrusion. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 15 adult women diagnosed as having Angle Class II maxillary protrusion who had undergone orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. For analysis, profile photographs taken at the first examination and at completion of active treatment were used for linear and angular measurements. For linear measurements on the lateral facial photographs, an X–Y coordinate system was established using a lateral cephalogram superimposed along the line of the profile. Measurement points relating to the vermilion lip morphology were measured on the facial photographs by digital processing, with the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane as the X-axis, and the line perpendicular to the X-axis passing through the alar curvature point (Ac) as the Y-axis. Results: The results of linear measurements showed significant retraction of approximately 3.0 mm in the upper vermilion lip, and mean retraction of the upper incisors after treatment was approximately 6.0 mm. However, whereas mean retraction of the lower incisors was approximately 1.0 mm, there was significant retraction of the lower vermilion lip of over 3.0 mm. Significant reduction in vermilion height was also found in the upper vermilion lip. With regard to angular measurements, the upper lip and total vermilion showed significant reductions that indicated inversion. Conclusion: Adequate retraction of the upper incisors in the maxillary protrusion with excessive overjet may retract not only the upper vermilion lip but also the lower one, suggesting that morphological changes in the lower lip are affected by the positioning of the upper incisors. In addition, the patterns of morphological changes differed between the upper and lower vermilion lips, with a large proportion of rotational change toward the mucous membrane in the upper vermilion lip and with a pattern of change resembling horizontal displacement in the lower vermilion lip. Total vermilion showed a significant reduction in vermilion height due to the reduction in height of the upper vermilion lip.

Linear Mandibular Measurements: Comparison between Orthopantomograms and Lateral Cephalograms

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Ongkosuwito ◽  
M. M. J. Dieleman ◽  
A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
P. G. H. Mulder ◽  
J. W. van Neck
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Magnification Factor ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

Objective: To investigate the reliability of length measurements of the mandible by comparing orthopantomograms (OPTs) with lateral cephalograms. Design: Observational study. Setting: OPTs and lateral cephalograms were taken of 20 human dry skulls. Four orthodontists and four maxillofacial surgeons located landmarks on all radiographs using a computer program for cephalometric measurements. Intraobserver and interobserver variability in locating landmarks was assessed, as well as positioning of the skulls prior to radiography between the x-ray assistants. Magnification differences between the left and right side of the mandible on the OPT were determined for five skulls. Kappa statistics were used to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver and interobserver differences. An F test was used to assess differences between methods and between type of observer. Results: No significant differences were found in the magnification factor of the left and right side of the mandible. Compared with a lateral cephalogram, the OPT had comparable reliability in measuring mandibular distances condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton. No significant differences were observed between the x-ray assistants in taking the OPTs and lateral cephalograms or in repositioning the skulls. Significant differences were found between orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons for landmark measurements. Conclusion: An OPT is as reliable as a lateral cephalogram for linear measurements of the mandible (condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton).

scholarly journals Morphometric measurements for sexual dimorphism in the Campolina horse breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisia Castro Krebs ◽  
Marina Monteiro de Moraes Santos ◽  
Maria Claudia Siqueira ◽  
Brennda Paula Gonçalves de Araujo ◽  
Leonardo Gomes Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Classification Errors ◽  
Angular Measurements

Abstract: The objective of this work was to distinguish the sexual dimorphism of horses of the Campolina breed, by morphometric measurements, and to classify them according to sex, using discriminating functions. Two-hundred and fifteen horses were measured, and 39 morphometric measurements were evaluated. The analysis of covariance and the discriminant analysis were performed. Males were taller and showed a wider chest, a greater scapular-humeral angle, and a larger neck, both in length and circumference. Females had a larger heart girth, wider hips, and a greater opening of the coxal-ground and femorotibial angles. Regarding classification, circumference measurements (85.58%) were more accurate in sexual differentiation than the linear (83.26%) and angular (73.02%) ones. As to classification error, of the total animals measured, 10 to 20% of the females were categorized as males. In addition, 11 to 38% of the males were categorized as females. It can be concluded that of the 39 morphometric measurements evaluated, 22 are responsible for sexual dimorphism in the Campolina horse breed. Circumference and linear measurements provide a more assertive classification to determine sexual dimorphism. Angular measurements show greater classification errors regarding the gender of the horses.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of the results of facial morphometry in patients with deep incisal overlap in the treatment of bracket systems and eliners

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Maksyukov ◽  
Nadezhda D. Pilipenko ◽  
K. D. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Deep Bite ◽  
Bite Angle ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Mean

The relevance of studying the problem of deep incisal overlap (HF) among dentofacial anomalies (CCA) is due to the high prevalence of this pathology. Among modern methods of orthodontic treatment of pathology, the use of bracket systems and aligners is highlighted. The effectiveness of these techniques can be compared in determining the morphometric characteristics obtained by tele-radiography (TEG).Material and methods. The study involved 118 people with hydraulic fracturing, the average age was 38.7 8.5 years (64 women; 54 men). The first group consisted of 49 patients who underwent correction of AFA with eliners; second, 69 patients with bracket systems. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, TRG was performed. To present the results, in the case of quantitative characteristics, the arithmetic mean of the sample value (X) and the error of the mean (m) were calculated. For qualitative signs, the frequency of the sign (%) and its standard error (m%) were calculated.Results: The values ​​of the mandibular angle (G, ArGoMe), and the angles AB / ANS (AB / SpP), APg / ANS (MM), as well as the vertical dimensions of the jaws reached values ​​characteristic of an orthognathic bite. Angle increase SNB, NSL / ML4; angle reduction ANB.Output. Elimination of a deep bite is possible both with the use of bracket systems and aligners.

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: A Comparative Study with the Establishment of Burstone Analysis-Derived 3D Norms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ting Ho ◽  
Rafael Denadai ◽  
Hsin-Chih Lai ◽  
Lun-Jou Lo ◽  
Hsiu-Hsia Lin
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

Three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided simulation has revolutionized orthognathic surgery treatment, but scarce 3D cephalometric norms have been defined to date. The purposes of this study were to (1) establish a normative database of 3D Burstone cephalometric measurements for adult male and female Chinese in Taiwan, (2) compare this 3D norm dataset with the two-dimensional (2D) Burstone norms from Caucasian and Singaporean Chinese populations, and (3) apply these 3D norms to assess the outcome of a computer-aided simulation of orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional Burstone cephalometric analysis was performed on 3D digital craniofacial image models generated from cone-beam computed tomography datasets of 60 adult Taiwanese Chinese individuals with normal occlusion and balanced facial profile. Three-dimensional Burstone analysis was performed on 3D image datasets from patients with skeletal Class III pattern (n = 30) with prior computer-aided simulation. Three-dimensional Burstone cephalometric measurements showed that Taiwanese Chinese males had significantly (p < 0.05) larger anterior and posterior facial heights, maxillary length, and mandibular ramus height than females, with no significant (p > 0.05) difference for facial soft-tissue parameters. The 3D norm dataset revealed Taiwanese Chinese-specific facial characteristics, with Taiwanese presenting (p < 0.05) a more convex profile, protrusive maxillary apical bases, protruding mandible, protruding upper and lower lips, and a shorter maxillary length and lower facial height than Caucasians. Taiwanese had significantly (p < 0.05) larger maxillary projection, vertical height ratio, lower face throat angle, nasolabial angle, and upper lip protrusion than Singaporean Chinese. No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed between 3D norms and computer-aided simulation-derived 3D patient images for horizontal skeletal, vertical skeletal, and dental measurements, with the exception of two dental parameters (p < 0.05). This study contributes to literature by providing gender- and ethnic-specific 3D Burstone cephalometric norms, which can assist in the multidisciplinary-based delivery of orthodontic surgical care for Taiwanese Chinese individuals worldwide, including orthodontic management, computer-assisted simulation, and outcome assessment.

scholarly journals Cephalometric measurements from 3D reconstructed images compared with conventional 2D images

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zamora ◽  
Jose M. Llamas ◽  
Rosa Cibrián ◽  
Jose L. Gandia ◽  
Vanessa Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
2D Images

Abstract Objective: To assess whether the values of different measurements taken on three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are comparable with those taken on two-dimensional (2D) images from conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) and to examine if there are differences between the different types of CBCT software when taking those measurements. Material and Methods: Eight patients were selected who had both an LRC and a CBCT. The 3D reconstructions of each patient in the CBCT were evaluated using two different software packages, NemoCeph 3D and InVivo5. An observer took 10 angular and 3 linear measurements on each of the three types of record on two different occasions. Results: Intraobserver reliability was high except for the mandibular plane and facial cone (from the LCR), the Na-Ans distance (using NemoCeph 3D), and facial cone and the Ans-Me distance (using InVivo5). No statistically significant differences were found for the angular and linear measurements between the LCRs and the CBCTs for any measurement, and the correlation levels were high for all measurements. Conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found between the angular and linear measurements taken with the LCR and those taken with the CBCT. Neither were there any statistically significant differences between the angular or linear measurements using the two CBCT software packages.

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