scholarly journals Cephalometric Norms in an Omani Adult Population of Arab Descent

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashantha S. Govinakovi ◽  
Ibrahim Al-Busaidi ◽  
Viswapurna Senguttuvan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Arab Descent ◽  
The Military ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
Centric Occlusion

Objectives: This study aimed to establish cephalometric norms for an Omani population of Arab descent and to compare these with established cephalometric values for Caucasians. Methods: This cross-sectional studywas conducted at the Military Dental Centre and Oman Dental College in Muscat, Oman, between May 2014 and October 2016. A total of 150 Omani patients between 20–29 years old seeking orthodontic treatment were included. All participants had a symmetrical face, class I molar and canine relationships, proper intercuspation, a normal overjet/overbite (<3 mm) and mild spacing/crowding of the teeth (≤3 mm). Lateral cephalography was performed in centric occlusion with the lips relaxed and the head in a natural position. Cephalometric measurements were then compared with Eastman Standard norms. Results: The Omani subjects were found to have a slightly retrusive maxilla, an increased angle between the maxillary and mandibular planes and shorter facial heights in comparison to the Eastman Standard norms. Furthermore, incisor relations were edge-to-edge in nature and the interincisal angle was reduced, suggesting that the Omani subjects had more proclined incisors. In addition, the lips were more protrusive and the nasolabial angle was more obtuse. Conclusion: In the Omani sample, increased proclination of the incisors was observed in comparison to Eastman Standard norms. As such, slightly more proclined incisors should be considered acceptable and natural among Omani patients of Arab descent. The cephalometric findings of this study may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic problems among Omanis of Arab descent.Keywords: Cephalometry, standards; Population Characteristics; Ethnic Groups; Arabs; Orthodontics; Oman.

scholarly journals Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110221
Author(s):  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Sudhir Kapoor ◽  
Jitendra Bhagchandani ◽  
Sonahita Agarwal ◽  
Vaibhav Vashishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim and Objective: To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Results: The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved. Conclusion: More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Norms of Erbil Kurdish Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Botan A. Mustafa Chalabee ◽  
Bayan A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

Ethical group might have differential skeletal forms, thus cephalometric analysis and orthodontic material have been developed for specific ethnic groups which might be different for Kurdish Ethics.Objectives: This study is to determine the cephalometric norms of an Erbil Kurdish population according to Steiner analysis, who attend to Tishk Hospital/Diagnosis Department Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 48 lateral cephalograms of adult orthodontic subjects between 20 and 29 years with normal occlusion, and with no previous orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed based on Steiner’s cephalometric parameters. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Differences between Erbil Kurdish and Steiner’s norms were analyzed using one-sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results: The SNA, ML-NSL (Mandibular Line to NS line), U1-NA (both angular and linear measurements), interincisal angle, L1-NB (angular only), Pog-NB, L1-Pog//NB, Ls-SL, and Li-SL values were significantly different between the Erbil Kurdish population and Steiner’s norms (P < 0.05). No significant differences existed in Occl-SN (occlusal plane to SN) and L1-Nb (linear only), SNB, and ANB between the Erbil Kurdish population and the Steiner’s norms (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Cephalometric norms for Erbil Kurdish adults are different from those of Steiner’s norms. The norms obtained in our study can be used for orthodontic treatments and orthognathic surgeries in Erbil Kurdish population.

scholarly journals Body fat measurement among Singaporean Chinese, Malays and Indians: a comparative study using a four-compartment model and different two-compartment models

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Deurenberg-Yap ◽  
Gordon Schmidt ◽  
Wija A. van Staveren ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast ◽  
Paul Deurenberg
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Fraction

This cross-sectional study compared body fat percentage (BF%) obtained from a four-compartment (4C) model with BF% from hydrometry (using 2H2O), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and densitometry among the three main ethnic groups (Chinese, Malays and Indians) in Singapore, and determined the suitability of two-compartment (2C) models as surrogate methods for assessing BF% among different ethnic groups. A total of 291 subjects (108 Chinese, seventy-six Malays, 107 Indians) were selected to ensure an adequate representation of age range (18–75 years) and BMI range (16–40 kg/m2) of the general adult population, with almost equal numbers from each gender group. Body weight was measured, together with body height, total body water by 2H2O dilution, densitometry with Bodpod® and bone mineral content with Hologic® QDR-4500. BF% measurements with a 4C model for the subgroups were: Chinese females 33.5 (SD 7.5), CHINESE MALES 24.4 (sd 6.1), Malay females 37.8 (sd 6.3), Malay males 26.0 (sd 7.6), Indian females 38.2 (sd 7.0), Indian males 28.1 (sd 5.5). Differences between BF% measured by the 4C and 2C models (hydrometry, DXA and densitometry) were found, with underestimation of BF% in all the ethnic-gender groups by DXA of 2.1–4.2 BF% and by densitometry of 0.5–3.2 BF%). On a group level, the differences in BF% between the 4C model and 2H2O were the lowest (0.0–1.4 BF% in the different groups), while differences between the 4C model and DXA were the highest. Differences between the 4C model and 2H2O and between the 4C model and DXA were positively correlated with the 4C model, water fraction (fwater) of fat-free mass (FFM) and the mineral fraction (fmineral) of FFM, and negatively correlated with density of the FFM (DFFM), while the difference between 4C model and densitometry correlated with these variables negatively and positively respectively (i.e. the correlations were opposite). The largest contributors to the observed differences were fwater and DFFM. When validated against the reference 4C model, 2C models were found to be unsuitable for accurate measurements of BF% at the individual level, owing to the high errors and violation of assumptions of constant hydration of FFM and DFFM among the ethnic groups. On a group level, the best 2C model for measuring BF% among Singaporeans was found to be 2H2O.

scholarly journals Assessment of the correlation between cephalometric and facial analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tomás Oliveira ◽  
Amanda Candemil
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between angular and linear measurements obtained from cephalometric and facial analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with indication for orthodontic treatment were selected. Then a trained examiner assessed in lateral cephalographs the following linear measurements proposed by McNamara: Co-A; Co-Gn; A-NPerp; Pog-NPerp; maxillary-mandibular discrepancy. Moreover, angular nasolabial angle, N-A, A-Pog, and Frankfurt Mandibular Angle (FMA) were computed. Likewise, the corresponding facial measurements in lateral photographs were measured, as follows: Co'-A'; Co'-Gn'; A'-NPerp'; Pog'- NPerp'; Maxillary-mandibular discrepancy; nasolabial angle; N-A-Pog; FMA. RESULTS: Pearson’s correlation test was applied to the results. All measurements were compared separately with their corresponding facial and cephalometric measurements. Results: The assessed linear measurements showed no statistical correlation. The nasolabial angle measurement showed a significant correlation, while FMA and NA-Pog measurements showed a low correlation. CONCLUSION: According to the methodology applied, the results of linear, facial and cephalometric measurements showed no correlation. Of the angular measurements, only the nasolabial showed a significant correlation.

scholarly journals Factors related to food involvement in the adult population

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara de ALENCAR ◽  
Natacha TORAL ◽  
Elisabetta RECINE ◽  
Anelise RIZZOLO
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Food Involvement

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to investigate aspects associated with food involvement and to ascertain whether individuals with higher food involvement consume larger amounts of fruits and vegetables. Methods This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with 301 adults (19-59 years old) from the Federal District, Brazil. Sample size calculation was based on numbers from the Brazilian Demographic Census and on consumption data for fruits and vegetables obtained from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Interviews survey. Data were collected in October of 2012. The questionnaire comprised 28 questions and included socio-demographic variables, reported fruit and vegetable consumption, and an adapted food involvement scale. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed to determine population characteristics . Results Women and older individuals displayed a higher degree of food involvement than did men and younger individuals ( p <0.001). Among the factors included in food involvement, the highest influence was attributed to satisfaction in preparing food (cooking), pre-preparation of food, and pleasure in cooking for other people ( p <0.001). Conclusion The results presented here suggest that food involvement can be stimulated through innovative strategies of communication that go beyond the biological arguments and focus on the cultural expression of the elements of socialization, whose relationship with eating is well established.

The Worrying Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: An Urgent Call to Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham A. Robert ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional

From last few years, the pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Saudi Arabia, is growing at a frightening rate. Overall, one-fourth of the adult population is affected by DM, which is further predicted to rise to more than double by the year 2030. The most alarming is possibly the escalation propensity of diabetes, in recent years, where a nearly ten-fold increase has been witnessed over the past thirty years in Saudi Arabia. However, the number of research arbitrations on the prevalence and incidence of DM is woefully inadequate, as compared to developed countries. Apart from this, most of the existing research data carried out in Saudi Arabia is cross-sectional, with small sample sizes, which most often involve only certain parts of the country. Consequently, the present scenario demands more multidimensional and multisectoral research to strengthen the evidence base and to accumulate greater knowledge as a basis for measures and programmes to confront diabetes and its complications. Thus, the present report makes an attempt to depict the current trend of diabetes as well as intends to put forward essential measures for controlling diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Changes in Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy Patterns in Young and Adult Population over a 4-Year Period: A 2011–2015 Comparison Using Real-World Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4422
Author(s):  
Sara Mucherino ◽  
Antonio Gimeno-Miguel ◽  
Jonas Carmona-Pirez ◽  
Francisca Gonzalez-Rubio ◽  
Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clinical Complexity ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Specific Care ◽  
Multimorbid Patients ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

The pressing problem of multimorbidity and polypharmacy is aggravated by the lack of specific care models for this population. We aimed to investigate the evolution of multimorbidity and polypharmacy patterns in a given population over a 4-year period (2011–2015). A cross-sectional, observational study among the EpiChron Cohort, including anonymized demographic, clinical and drug dispensation information of all users of the public health system ≥65 years in Aragon (Spain), was performed. An exploratory factor analysis, stratified by age and sex, using an open cohort was carried out based on the tetra-choric correlations among chronic diseases and dispensed drugs during 2011 and compared with 2015. Seven baseline patterns were identified during 2011 named as: mental health, respiratory, allergic, mechanical pain, cardiometabolic, osteometabolic, and allergic/derma. Of the epidemiological patterns identified in 2015, six were already present in 2011 but a new allergic/derma one appeared. Patterns identified in 2011 were more complex in terms of both disease and drugs. Results confirmed the existing association between age and clinical complexity. The systematic associations between diseases and drugs remain similar regarding their clinical nature over time, helping in early identification of potential interactions in multimorbid patients with a high risk of negative health outcomes due to polypharmacy.

scholarly journals Young adults’ coping strategies against loneliness during the COVID-19-related quarantine in Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianos Golemis ◽  
Panteleimon Voitsidis ◽  
Eleni Parlapani ◽  
Vasiliki A Nikopoulou ◽  
Virginia Tsipropoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Cross Sectional

Summary COVID-19 and the related quarantine disrupted young adults’ academic and professional life, daily routine and socio-emotional well-being. This cross-sectional study focused on the emotional and behavioural responses of a young adult population during the COVID-19-related quarantine in April 2020, in Greece. The study was conducted through an online survey. A total of 1559 young adults, aged 18−30 years, completed Steele’s Social Responsibility Motivation Scale and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and answered questions about compliance with instructions, quarantine-related behaviours and coping strategies. According to the results, participants displayed a relatively high sense of social responsibility (M = 16.09, SD = 2.13) and a trend towards moderate feeling of loneliness (M = 2.65, SD = 1.62); young women reported significantly higher levels of loneliness than men. The majority complied with instructions often (46.4%) or always (44.8%). Significantly more women created a new social media account and used the social media longer than 5 h/day, compared with men. Resorting to religion, practicing sports and sharing thoughts and feelings about COVID-19 with others predicted higher levels of social responsibility; humour, practicing sports and sharing thoughts and feelings about COVID-19 with others predicted lower levels of loneliness. Conclusively, COVID-19 is expected to have a significant psychological impact on young adults. Currently, Greece is going through the second quarantine period. This study raises awareness about loneliness in young adults during the COVID-19-related quarantine and highlights the importance of developing online programmes, attractive to younger people, to nurture adaptive coping strategies against loneliness.

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