scholarly journals The Scale, Factors and Mobility and Stability Motives in The Labour Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Toksanbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Stable Employment

The Object of the Study. Employed populationThe Subject of the Study. Mobility and stability in the labour marketThe Purpose of the Study. Analysing the processes of mobility and stability in the labour market in the aspect of effective regrouping of labour resourcesThe Main Provisions of the Article. In the conditions of structural transformations of the economy, the role of interfirm mobility of workers should increase. It is important that this process contributes to the improvement of the quality characteristics of the labour force. In many ways, this is achieved by increasing the reserves of human capital, but a change of work can counter this. It is known that stable employment with long-term labour relations are preferable for the growth of workers' qualifications. Moreover, interfirm mobility sometimes leads to a decrease in the quality of human potential. The analysis of these processes, their dominant trends, factors and motives was based on our theoretical and applied studies of the segmented (dual) labour market. In accordance with them, the labour market is divided into segments with high-quality and mass labour resources. The information base was provided by official statistics and an expert survey of workers, conducted at the Institute for Socioeconomic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences using the qualitative interview method. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that mass resources are more mobile in the labour market, which is rarely accompanied by an improvement in their quality. This mainly applies to workers with low qualifications. They quit due to unattractive work and poor work-related security. For skilled workers, preference is more preferable than stable employment, but with good earnings and working conditions, for the sake of improvement of which they are ready to change jobs, but without changing their profession. At the same time, the processes of high mobility of specialists, whose professions allow working in various fields of activity (information technologies etc), have also been opened. It has been established that so far the increase in the level of employment of high-quality labour resources is limited by low rates of structural transformations of the economy.

scholarly journals Youth Labour Market in Romania’s Development Regions in the Framework of Sustainable Development and of a Knowledge-based Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Mariana Bălan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Information And Communication

Abstract Even if the issue of youths’ inclusion in the labour market was always an important item on political agendas, during the last two decades this issue had particular relevance. In the last years, unemployment for this age group had unprecedented amplitude, reaching 20.6% in Romania in 2016. Modern societies provide for youths opportunities, still they are faced with major challenges related to the education and training and access to the labour force market. During the last decades, the world economy shifted in a continuous process from development based on traditional factors to the knowledge-based economy. The development of the knowledge-based economy leads to changes in labour force demand also: new skills and competences are required. As new technologies are implemented, the demand for high-skilled workers increases, especially for high-skilled ones in the field of Information and Communication (IC), and the demand for low-skilled workers decreases. The paper presents a brief characterisation of the labour force market at the level of Romania‘s regions of development and an analysis of the particularities of the youths’ labour market in the context of sustainable development and of the new economy as well as some advantages of using young labour force for sustainable development.

Skilled Workers on the Rural Labour Market: Supply vs. Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Elena Varshavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Scale Of Education

The paper analyzes the correlation between supply and demand for skilled labour on the rural labour market. The paper defines skilled workers as those having tertiary professional education. The empirical basis for the research is constituted by the Labour Force Survey data between 2005 and 2015. It has been proved that in this period the supply of the skilled labour was steadily on the increase that was determined by the growth of both the number and share of people with higher education. The demand for the skilled labour of rural workers showed slower growth rates that resulted in an increasing gap between supply and demand. The research proves that education and qualification of rural workers are being underutilized, and the scale of education-occupation mismatch has been rather big. The most obvious contradiction between education underutilization and its non-purpose use - when people do not work in accordance with their specialization - refer to the workers with technical and agricultural training.

Retirement or committed to work?

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Winkelmann‐Gleed
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
Labour Market Participation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a UK older worker's perspective on the influences of multiple work and non‐work related commitments on their decision to extend working lives or to retire. As demographic change and economic challenges related to the financing of health care and pension plans affect retirement policies, this paper seeks to explore the individual worker's perspective. Their choice is framed by seeking to balance financial security in later life with the positive elements of work and the desire to match work with other commitments, something hardly taken into consideration by employers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper combines findings from existing research studies and UK based, semi‐structured interviews conducted as part of two ESF (European Social Fund) funded projects aiming at extending labour market participation for older workers. Key areas, such as retirement planning, training, flexibility and health are explored and the organisational identities/commitment literature provides a conceptual framework for understanding the push and pull factors associated with labour market exit among the over 50s.FindingsFundamental to the success of changes in government pension policies in terms of extending labour market participation of older workers is the element of individual agency rather than a view of victimisation. Viewing older workers as the ones who have to pay for increasing life expectancy by working longer could lead to people staying in work for the wrong reasons, negatively affecting productivity and job satisfaction. The discussion and conclusion stress the need for deeper understanding of work as one contributor to overall quality of life.Originality/valueThe political agenda to prolong working lives is principally driven by economic arguments. However, for any future policies to lead to an intrinsic motivation to want to remain in work, the voices of older workers express the desire to combine work with non‐work related commitments and identities. Achieving such balance could benefit the whole labour force.

Population ageing and a lack of semi-skilled workers in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Saner ◽  
Lichia Yiu ◽  
Laurel Rush
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Purpose The question being discussed in this paper is how can refugees be integrated into a host country’s labour market with Switzerland serving as a case example experiencing specific local challenges, such as an aging society and gaps in the labour market, particularly relating to semi-skilled jobs in the public sector. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines Switzerland’s intake of refugees and analyses existing refugee and labour market policies and how the integration process is being managed by the authorities and responded to by Swiss citizens. Findings The analysis shows that refugees can potentially find jobs in all three segments of the Swiss labour market (highly skilled, semi-skilled and low-skilled labour) and provide mutually beneficial solutions for all parties concerned that include: for refugees seeking employment and asylum; for the aging population requiring care delivered by low- and semi-skilled workforce; and for public and private sector enterprises in need of qualified and motivated labour force. Originality/value This paper examines the interplay between refugees seeking work and demonstrates the importance of relating job entry by refuges with actual labour market constraints and opportunities of the host country, Switzerland.

The Changing Graduate Labour Market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerbrand Tholen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Skilled Workers

This chapter demonstrates that the graduate labour market has fundamentally changed in recent decades. By using secondary statistical data as well as reviewing existing empirical studies, the chapter illustrates some key changes shaping the British graduate labour market. The chapter first covers the growth of so-called high-skilled jobs. Then it looks at the evidence for the demand for skilled workers. It examines where graduates work and it covers trends in graduate wages. The chapter argues that the growth of skilled occupations may have partly been induced by the growing number of graduates in the labour force, yet it is unclear how the influx of graduates relates to the demand for their skills.

scholarly journals New Technologies and Their Impact on the Labour Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Yu. Odegov ◽  
V. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Impact

The Object of the Study. Russian and foreign studies of the impact of the new technological 6 SPECIFICATIONS on the labour market.The Subject of the Study. The main trends of employment changes in the conditions of technological changes.The Purpose of the Study. Analyzing and generalizing scientific research of changes in employment in the conditions of transition to the technology of the 6th TU and determining the vector of professional and qualification changes caused by this transition.The Main Provisions of the Article. The analysis of foreign and Russian studies in terms of the impact of technological innovations on the professional and qualification composition of the workforce. It is determined that the specifics of the Russian labour market is characterized by the diversity of the technologies used which directly affects the employment of the labour force increasing the degree of its instability. The main directions of providing high-quality labour force to the breakthrough directions of technological development of the country are determined.

scholarly journals International Students as ‘Ideal Immigrants’ in Canada: A disconnect between policy makers’ assumptions and the lived experiences of international students

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Scott ◽  
Saba Safdar ◽  
Roopa Desai Trilokekar ◽  
Amira El Masri
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
International Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Policy Makers

Recent policy changes in Canada highlight the strategic role International Students (IS) in the country’s economic development and future prosperity. With the release of Canada’s first international education strategy, the federal government has intimately tied international education to the domestic economy by attracting and retaining skilled workers to prepare Canada for the global market place. IS are particularly desirable candidates for permanent residency because their Canadian credentials, proficiency in at least one official language, and their relevant Canadian work experience is assumed to allow them to integrate more easily into the labour force upon graduation. Through 11 focus groups with 48 IS from two post-secondary institutions in the province of Ontario, we explored the adjustment of IS as they adapt to Canada and transition from student to worker. Thematic analysis suggests a disconnect between policy makers’ assumptions and the lived experiences of IS in Canada. Specifically, we find that IS’ integration into Canadian society into the domestic labour market is hindered by adjustment difficulties pertaining to language abilities, poor connectedness to host communities, and perceived employer discrimination against IS. We offer policy recommendations for how international education can better prepare IS for the Canadian labour market.

Living on a low income as a systemic impediment to socio-economic development of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
NATALIIA TOLSTYKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Government

The article sheds light on various approaches that seek to determine how widespread poverty and life on a low income are in Ukraine nowadays. As a social phenomenon, poverty has traditionally been associated with destitution and living below the subsistence level set by the government. However, the author holds the view that life on a low income not only means living near or below the poverty line. There is another part of Ukraine’s population that should also be considered needy — those whose income is less than twice as the subsistence level, and most of them are also subject to socio-economic deprivation. Drawing upon the findings of a social survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine in 2019, the paper analyses the standard of living among different income groups. Particular attention is given to consumption patterns and social well-being of respondents in the lower income brackets. From the data, it can be inferred that living conditions of many Ukrainians are inadequate to sustain and develop human potential; furthermore, the low-income households have literally to struggle every day to make ends meet. The author brings into focus the main macroeconomic factors contributing to this situation and its adverse effect on the nation’s social potential. Some of the most common social consequences of living on a low income have been identified, such as limited consumption, a person’s dissatisfaction with life and his/her position in society. The above-mentioned survey also provides the estimates of how much the current subsistence level (with regard to Ukraine) should be. Having been made by different socio-demographic and occupational groups of Ukraine’s population, these estimates are a useful source of information — given that subsistence level is considered the basic social standard. According to the survey, all these figures are at variance with the official subsistence level, which is noticeably lower, and this indicates that the current subsistence level needs an upward revision. Today, the overall socio-economic situation in Ukraine is unfavourable for neoliberal economic reforms initiated by the government. Since these policies are primarily designed to reduce the role of state in managing the economy and implementing social welfare programmes, following this path will inevitably result in the entrenchment of mass poverty and in a major loss of Ukraine’s human potential, as well as labour force. The author argues that tackling the country’s chronic low income problem is only possible if a new strategy for socio-economic development is adopted, where social welfare is prioritised.

Tertiary Educated Muslim Women's Work Decision

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Peck Leong Tan ◽  
Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusair ◽  
Norlida Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Participation

The participation of women in the labour force has been steadily rising over the years, especially with tremendous human capital investment in educating more women at tertiary levels. However, the tertiary educated women labour participation remains low, particularly among Muslim women. Therefore, this paper explores how tertiary educated Muslim women make their decision to work. This study surveyed 139 tertiary educated women and found their decisions to work are affected by their families’ needs and/or responsibilities, and may not be due to their lives’ goals and dreams. The majority of them work for the sake of money and hence will work if offered jobs meet their expectations in term of salary and position. Furthermore, they will leave the workforce if they need to fulfil their responsibilities at home. Therefore, to retain or to encourage more women especially those with high qualifications to be in the labour market, stakeholders must provide family-friendly jobs and suitable work environment such as flexible working arrangements. More importantly, stakeholders must be able to convince the family members of tertiary educated women to release them to the labour market.   

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