scholarly journals The migration component in the demographic development of Russia in the post-war period (1951–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-326
Author(s):  
Yuri Kvashnin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Pilot Programs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post War ◽  
Gender Groups

The concept of unconditional basic income (UBI), which provides for the introduction (instead of or in addition to existing forms of social protection) of regular universal cash payments on an individual basis in favor of all members of the community without any preconditions, is attracting increasing interest among experts and scholars, international organizations, charitable foundations, municipal and regional authorities. Estimating the possible consequences of introducing a basic income, however, remains an equation with too many unknowns. As a result, even in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which demanded unprecedented measures in the social sphere, preference was given to traditional mechanisms to support the economy, employment, and living standards. The results of experiments with basic income, carried out over the past half-century, due to their limited scope, are still clearly insufficient to make an unambiguous conclusion about the viability of this scheme and the feasibility of its implementation on a national scale. At the same time, these experiments showed that basic income, when incorporated into existing social protection systems, can become an effective tool for smoothing regional disparities, the vulnerable position of a certain age and gender groups, as well as improving physical and mental health indicators. Moreover, they allow us, with some caution, to conclude that concerns about the negative impact of basic income on employment are grossly exaggerated. With regard to Russia, promising directions for the implementation of pilot programs could be as following: stimulating the development of lagging regions of the Federation, supporting young people who have recently entered the labor market and citizens of pre-retirement age, as well as, in light of unfavorable demographic trends, the introduction of unconditional cash payments for minor children

scholarly journals Intensification de la production agropastorale et genre dans le domaine soudano-sahelien au Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-815
Author(s):  
Katian Napon ◽  
Augustine Ayantunde ◽  
Et Dapola Evariste Constant Da
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Pastoral Production ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Politique Agricole ◽  
Agricultural Yields ◽  
Gender Groups

La faible pluviométrie et la pauvreté des sols du Séno et du Yatenga au Burkina Faso influencent négativement les rendements agricoles et la production animale. Pour améliorer la productivité et favoriser une meilleure sécurité alimentaire, il est nécessaire d’intensifier le système de culture à travers l’adoption de techniques culturales adéquates. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la pratique des techniques d’intensification durable de la production agropastorale selon le genre. A cet effet, une enquête a été conduite auprès de 632 individus. Un modèle logistique binaire a été utilisé avec SPSS 20 pour vérifier si les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des enquêtés prédisaient de façon significative la pratique d’une technique d’intensification. Une valeur de P < 0,05 a été jugée statistiquement significative. Les résultats révèlent une différence en fonction du genre dans la pratique des techniques d’intensification de la production et montrent que ces différences sont liées au niveau d’éducation, à l’activité primaire, à la taille du ménage, au groupe ethnique, au groupe de genre et à l’âge des enquêtés. Les déterminants de l’adoption des technologies d’intensification de la production agropastorale devraient être pris en compte dans la politique agricole du pays pour une meilleure diffusion de ces technologies auprès des paysans.Mots clés : Technologies améliorées, systèmes mixtes, groupe de genre, Séno, Yatenga. English Title: Intensification of agro-pastoral production and gender in the Sudano-Sahelian domain in Burkina FasoLow rainfall and poor soils in the Seno and Yatenga regions of Burkina Faso have a negative impact on agricultural yields and livestock production. To improve productivity and promote better food security, it is necessary to intensify the farming systems through the adoption of appropriate of intensification practices. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of gender on intensification practices in agro-pastoral systems. A survey was conducted involving 632 individuals from different gender groups. A binary logistic model was used with SPSS 20 to assess whether the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents had significant effect on intensification practices. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results revealed gender differences in intensification practices and showed that these differences are related to education level, primary activity, household size, ethnic group, gender group and age of the respondents. The determinants of the agro-pastoral production intensification technologies should be taken into account in the country's agricultural policy for a better dissemination of these technologies to farmers.Keywords: Improved technologies, mixed systems, gender group, Seno, Yatenga.

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

Moral Development: From Paradigms to Plurality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Diverse Groups

This chapter introduces The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The handbook provides a comprehensive, international, and up-to-date review of research on moral development, including moral motives and behaviors, ontogeny and developmental pathways, and contexts that children, adolescents, and adults experience with respect to morality. Across more than 40 chapters, experts from disciplines such as anthropology, education, human development, psychology, and sociology address moral development through the entire life course among diverse groups within and across countries. This chapter addresses how the chapters provide literature reviews that are inclusive of highly diverse theoretical and research foci, as well as of diverse cultural, socioeconomic, and gender groups. The aim of the handbook is to contribute to the revitalization and flourishing of the field of moral development.

scholarly journals Gender and Migrant Roles in Italian Neorealist and New Migrant Films: Cinema as an Apparatus of Reconfiguration of National Identity and ‘Otherness’

Humanities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Marianna Charitonidou
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Italian Cinema ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines an ensemble of gender and migrant roles in post-war Neorealist and New Migrant Italian films. Its main objective is to analyze gender and placemaking practices in an ensemble of films, addressing these practices on a symbolic level. The main argument of the article is that the way gender and migrant roles were conceived in the Italian Neorealist and New Migrant Cinema was based on the intention to challenge certain stereotypes characterizing the understanding of national identity and ‘otherness’. The article presents how the roles of borgatari and women function as devices of reconceptualization of Italy’s identity, providing a fertile terrain for problematizing the relationship between migration studies, urban studies and gender studies. Special attention is paid to how migrants are related to the reconceptualization of Italy’s national narrations. The Neorealist model is understood here as a precursor of the narrative strategies that one encounters in numerous films belonging to the New Migrant cinema in Italy. The article also explores how certain aspects of more contemporary studies of migrant cinema in Italy could illuminate our understanding of Neorealist cinema and its relation to national narratives. To connect gender representation and migrant roles in Italian cinema, the article focuses on the analysis of the status of certain roles of women, paying particular attention to Anna Magnagi’s roles.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on the economy and mental health of young people in South Africa: opportunities for strengthening social protection programmes by integrating mental health

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Alejandra Álvarez-Iglesias ◽  
Emily Garman ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Young People ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Employment Education

The majority of COVID-19 cases in sub-Saharan Africa are found in South Africa, where one third of young people are not in employment, education or training. As the world continues to fight the COVID-19 virus spread, an increasing volume of studies are analysing and trying to predict the consequences of the pandemic on the economy and on physical and mental health. This article describes the economic and psychological impact of COVID-19 in South Africa’s youth specifically, the efforts made to tackle these issues, and the opportunities to integrate mental health into the country’s social protection measures, such as the Child Support Grant.

scholarly journals WARTIME AND POST-WAR RAPE IN FRANCO'S SPAIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
ÁNGEL ALCALDE
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
War Rape ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post War ◽  
Spanish Archives

Abstract By examining the experience of rape in Spain in the 1930s and 1940s, this article explains how the Spanish Civil War and Franco's dictatorship dramatically increased the likelihood of women becoming victims of sexual assault. Contrary to what historians often assume, this phenomenon was not the result of rape being deliberately used as a ‘weapon of war’ or as a blunt method of political repression against women. The upsurge in sexual violence was a by-product of structural transformations in the wartime and dictatorial contexts, and it was the direct consequence, rather than the instrument, of the violent imposition of a fascist-inspired regime. Using archival evidence from numerous Spanish archives, the article historicizes rape in a wider cultural, legal, and social context and reveals the essential albeit ambiguous political nature of both wartime and post-war rape. The experience of rape was mostly shaped not by repression but structural factors such as ruralization and social hierarchization, demographic upheavals, exacerbation of violent masculinity models, the proliferation of weapons, and the influence of fascist and national-Catholic ideologies. Rape became an expression of the nature of power and social and gender relations in Franco's regime.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Work Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Work Efficiency of Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8791
Author(s):  
Maja Rožman ◽  
Simona Sternad Zabukovšek ◽  
Samo Bobek ◽  
Polona Tominc
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
And Gender

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown has caused massive economic disruption, leading businesses to make a rapid transition and take a new approach to business strategy. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine if there are statistically significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the paper aims to identify the importance of individual dimensions of work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency, and gender differences perspective. The research is based on a survey of 785 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results show significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides change management insights and recommendations to assist companies in minimizing the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their employees.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Sandra Giménez ◽  
Miren Altuna ◽  
Esther Blessing ◽  
Ricardo M. Osorio ◽  
Juan Fortea
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Directions

Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and in doing so, improve cognition and quality of life, and prevent related comorbidities. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the main sleep disorders in adults with DS, including evaluation and management. It highlights the existing gaps in knowledge and discusses future directions to achieve earlier diagnosis and better treatment of sleep disorders most frequently found in this population.

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