scholarly journals Demographic development trends in the Russian Eastern Arctic

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Yury A. Avdeev ◽  
Zinaida I. Sidorkina ◽  
Valentina L. Ushakova

The paper considers the features of the demographic processes in the Russian Arctic zone by the example of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the period from 1939 to 2017. The future of the Arctic depends in large part on its demographic potential. What should be the population of the territory, how the space is organized, whether the population is needed, or enough of the watch organization of production: what should be done (or what not to do) so that the way of life of the native and the indigenous population remained in harmony with the environment, and at the same time solved large-scale tasks in the interests of the country. The study uses the method of constructing and comparing demographic pyramids for different time periods. There are specified demographic groups that differ in their reproductive behavior. On this basis, time periods were identified, within which demographic processes were going in different ways that allows us to assess the relationship between the nature and outcome of these processes and the structure of population at different stages of history. Based on the prospective analysis of the demographic processes in the territory of development of this part of the country, there was revealed the specific in the dynamics and features of the formation of the demographic potential through natural reproduction and migration movement of the indigenous people and newcomers. The authors examined the changes in the population structure at the time of population growth due to intensive arrivals before 1990 and the dramatic decrease as a result of the outflow in the 1990 s, which significantly changed the structure of the population, the ratio between different groups. This approach to analysis of demographic indicators may be used in elaboration of strategic plans for socio-economic development of the region. It gives an adequate assessment of the current situation, helps to formulate in strategic documents the goals and objectives of socioeconomic development, to determine the priorities in the regional demographic policy.

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Motrich

Currently, the socio-economic development of the country, any of its subjects is closely linked to the dynamics of demographic processes. The paper provides a traditional analysis of statistical data on the formation of the population of Khabarovsk krai, shows the current distribution of the population of the region on its territory. The study presents the results of the analysis of the processes of natural population movement and shows the role of migration flows (intraregional, interregional and international) in the formation of the dynamics, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the population of Khabarovsk krai in comparison with the general Far East indicators. The paper identifies the main areas of migration attraction of the population of Khabarovsk krai. There is shown the dynamics of the population of Khabarovsk krai in comparison with other subjects of the Far East. The analysis of the natural reproduction of the population in Khabarovsk krai, presented in the paper, shows the dynamics of fertility and mortality in the region and their opportunities for formation of the demographic potential in the future. The article discusses the current and prospective age structure of the population of Khabarovsk krai, compares it with similar indicators for the Far East region as a whole. Analysis of the transformation of the population structure by age revealed the situation with the reduction of labor potential, which entails the necessity to attract labor using interregional and external migration. On the basis of the established trends in the dynamics of the population, an assumption is made about the possible risks of achieving the indicators provided for by the Concept of demographic policy in the Far East of Russia. The prospective population of Khabarovsk krai is offered for consideration in two variants, the need for implementation of the task to secure population is substantiated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
N V Vorobyev ◽  
A N Vorobyev

Abstract This article provides an assessment of the demographic potential of the Baikal-Mongolian region, which unites the adjacent territories of the two countries. The cores of the research site are the urbanized territories of Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude and Ulan-Bator, and communications are railways and highways connecting the main centres. The demographic potential is characterized by the level and possibilities for the development of demographic processes and population structures, and mainly numerous quantitative characteristics of the population of the territory are used. The authors limited themselves to using quantitative characteristics of the demographic potential according to statistical data for 2019–2020 within the territories of the municipal districts and urban districts of the Irkutsk region, the Republic of Buryatia and aimags of Mongolia. Data on density and proportion of urban population reflect the size of the main urban areas. Data on demographic processes reflect the characteristics of the natural and migration movement of the population. Demographic structures are represented by the age structure and the demographic load of the working-age population, which is minimal throughout Mongolia and in the suburbs of Russian regional centres. Generalizing characteristics of demographic potential calculated from the average sum of individual indicators.


Author(s):  
Sergio DellaPergola

This chapter surveys the demographic development of Israel/Palestine from antiquity through the present and looking toward the future. Territory and habitability is described regarding changing boundary definitions and internal divisions that have reflected shifting political rule. Population change is examined in the long term, noting the significant historical ups and downs in population size and socioeconomic development. The development of contemporary population in Israel and Palestine reflects large-scale international migration, including mass movement of Jewish and Arab refugees. Variable fertility levels and birth rates have also significantly affected the pace of population growth. Attention is paid to the more recent balance of Jews and Palestinians over the whole territory between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and an overview is presented of the distribution of world Jewish and Palestinian diasporas. Finally, population projections for the Jewish people, the state of Israel, and the whole territory of Israel/Palestine are presented.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Ushakova

В статье рассматривается динамика численности населения в геополитически и экономически важной территории тихоокеанском побережье Дальнего Востока, как в советские, так и постсоветские годы. Проанализированы проистекающие здесь процессы изменения численности населения в течение длительного периода (19592015 гг.). Прибрежные территории имеют различия демографического развития, обусловленные особенностями освоения, экономикогеографического положения, уровнем социальноэкономического развития. Различия в размерах территории и численности постоянного населения находят отражение в показателе плотности населения, что также оказывает влияние на различия в демографическом потенциале. Демографические процессы протекают по разному в северных и южных муниципальных образованиях, а помимо фактора людности поселений, прибрежное положение накладывает свой отпечаток на них. Так, основной проблемой демографического развития материкового побережья Японского моря остается депопуляция. Только в пяти городских округах отмечается положительная динамика роста населения: Владивостокском, Артемовском, ЮжноСахалинском, ПетропавловскКамчатском и Магаданском. В результате усиливающейся концентрации населения вокруг региональных центров, демографические процессы заметно отличаются от периферийных прибрежных территорий, теряющих свое население. В северных субъектах отмечается значительная зависимость миграционного прироста с созданием крупных добывающих производств, определивших уровень экономического благополучия проживавшего здесь населения. Отток населения связан со сворачиванием добывающих производств в связи с перестроечными реформами. Такие особенности формирования демографического потенциала следует учитывать при разработке программ социальноэкономического развития этих территорий. Отмечается, что демографические процессы в различные периоды здесь проистекали с различной интенсивностью, по этим критериям выделены два разнонаправленных периода: период активного роста населения и период снижения численности населения. Положительная или отрицательная динамика численности населения в большинстве обусловлена влиянием миграционного и естественного движения в сторону роста или сокращения соответственно. Сохранение и наращивание человеческих ресурсов в регионе возможно только в условиях эффективной миграционной политики, направленной на сохранение собственного демографического потенциала и привлечение мигрантов. In the article populations dynamics in the geopolitically and economically important territory the Pacific coast of the Far East, both in the Soviet and PostSoviet years is considered. The processes of populations change occurring there for a long period of time (19592015) have been analyzed. The coastal territories are differed by demographic development conditioned by the features of development, by an economicgeographical position and by the level of socialeconomic development. The distinctions in the sizes of the territory and the number of resident population are reflected in the indicator of populations density, which also influences the distinctions in the demographic potential. The demographic processes occur in different ways in the northern and southern municipal unions. Besides the factor of population size in the settlements, the coastal position has its impact on them. For example, depopulation remains the basic problem of demographic development of the continental coast of the Sea of Japan. Only in five city districts positive dynamics of populations growth has been marked. These are Vladivostok, Artem, YuzhnoSakhalinsk, PetropavlovskKamchatky, and Magadan. As a result of amplifying concentration of the population around the regional centers, the demographic processes considerably differ from the peripheral coastal territories losing their population. In the northern subjects considerable dependence of migratory gain with creation of the large extracting industries, which have defined the level of economic wellbeing of the population living there, is marked. Population outflow is resulted from cutting down of the extracting industries in connection with the reorganization reforms. Such features of formation of the demographic potential should be considered in developing the programs of socialeconomic development of these territories. It is noticed, that there the demographic processes occurred with various intensity during the various periods. Two criteria of the different direction are allocated by these criteria, i.e. the period of active increase in the population and that of the decrease in the population. In a number of cases, positive or negative dynamics of population is caused by the influence of the migratory and natural movements towards growth or reduction respectively. Preservation and an increase in human resources in the region are possible only under the conditions of the effective migratory policy directed to preservation of its own demographic potential and attraction of migrants.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Irina Kalabikhina

The article describes the demographic context of the development of the digital economy in Russia, systematizes the directions of the possible impact of the digitalization of the economy on demographic processes, analyzes the prerequisites for the inequality of different demographic groups in the near future in the digital reality. Based on the analysis of statistical data and expert assessments, a systematic view on the mutual impact of the digitalization of the economy and demographic development is proposed for the first time, a number of questions are raised about the possible strengthening of inequality of individual socio-demographic groups in the process of digitalization. It is shown that the demographic context can play a significant role in the digitalization of the economy, which, in turn, affects the demographic development and digital inequality.


Author(s):  
V.L. Ushakova

В статье рассматривается динамика численности населения в геополитически и экономически важной территории тихоокеанском побережье Дальнего Востока, как в советские, так и постсоветские годы. Проанализированы проистекающие здесь процессы изменения численности населения в течение длительного периода (19592015 гг.). Прибрежные территории имеют различия демографического развития, обусловленные особенностями освоения, экономикогеографического положения, уровнем социальноэкономического развития. Различия в размерах территории и численности постоянного населения находят отражение в показателе плотности населения, что также оказывает влияние на различия в демографическом потенциале. Демографические процессы протекают по разному в северных и южных муниципальных образованиях, а помимо фактора людности поселений, прибрежное положение накладывает свой отпечаток на них. Так, основной проблемой демографического развития материкового побережья Японского моря остается депопуляция. Только в пяти городских округах отмечается положительная динамика роста населения: Владивостокском, Артемовском, ЮжноСахалинском, ПетропавловскКамчатском и Магаданском. В результате усиливающейся концентрации населения вокруг региональных центров, демографические процессы заметно отличаются от периферийных прибрежных территорий, теряющих свое население. В северных субъектах отмечается значительная зависимость миграционного прироста с созданием крупных добывающих производств, определивших уровень экономического благополучия проживавшего здесь населения. Отток населения связан со сворачиванием добывающих производств в связи с перестроечными реформами. Такие особенности формирования демографического потенциала следует учитывать при разработке программ социальноэкономического развития этих территорий. Отмечается, что демографические процессы в различные периоды здесь проистекали с различной интенсивностью, по этим критериям выделены два разнонаправленных периода: период активного роста населения и период снижения численности населения. Положительная или отрицательная динамика численности населения в большинстве обусловлена влиянием миграционного и естественного движения в сторону роста или сокращения соответственно. Сохранение и наращивание человеческих ресурсов в регионе возможно только в условиях эффективной миграционной политики, направленной на сохранение собственного демографического потенциала и привлечение мигрантов. In the article populations dynamics in the geopolitically and economically important territory the Pacific coast of the Far East, both in the Soviet and PostSoviet years is considered. The processes of populations change occurring there for a long period of time (19592015) have been analyzed. The coastal territories are differed by demographic development conditioned by the features of development, by an economicgeographical position and by the level of socialeconomic development. The distinctions in the sizes of the territory and the number of resident population are reflected in the indicator of populations density, which also influences the distinctions in the demographic potential. The demographic processes occur in different ways in the northern and southern municipal unions. Besides the factor of population size in the settlements, the coastal position has its impact on them. For example, depopulation remains the basic problem of demographic development of the continental coast of the Sea of Japan. Only in five city districts positive dynamics of populations growth has been marked. These are Vladivostok, Artem, YuzhnoSakhalinsk, PetropavlovskKamchatky, and Magadan. As a result of amplifying concentration of the population around the regional centers, the demographic processes considerably differ from the peripheral coastal territories losing their population. In the northern subjects considerable dependence of migratory gain with creation of the large extracting industries, which have defined the level of economic wellbeing of the population living there, is marked. Population outflow is resulted from cutting down of the extracting industries in connection with the reorganization reforms. Such features of formation of the demographic potential should be considered in developing the programs of socialeconomic development of these territories. It is noticed, that there the demographic processes occurred with various intensity during the various periods. Two criteria of the different direction are allocated by these criteria, i.e. the period of active increase in the population and that of the decrease in the population. In a number of cases, positive or negative dynamics of population is caused by the influence of the migratory and natural movements towards growth or reduction respectively. Preservation and an increase in human resources in the region are possible only under the conditions of the effective migratory policy directed to preservation of its own demographic potential and attraction of migrants.


2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2170-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Qin ◽  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
Adeljean L. F. C. Ho ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Qiang Lin

Abstract The unique morphology and life history characteristics make seahorses excellent flagship species for marine ecosystems. The ecological rarity of seahorses has made it difficult to address fundamental demographic processes of seahorses, such as seasonal migration and ecological characteristics. This 3-year investigation evaluated, for the first time, the seasonal distribution of a wild seahorse, Hippocampus mohnikei, and its ecological significance. The results revealed a significant difference in the abundance of wild H. mohnikei populations between warm and cold seasons, indicating that seahorses might undertake a seasonal inshore-offshore migration every year. A total of 42 794 samples were taken during the 3-year survey in the Laizhou Bay, and migratory seahorses had the highest reproductive rates from July to September each year, suggesting that seahorse reproduction might be an important trigger for variation in distribution and migration. Moreover, water temperature might also affect the temporal and spatial abundance of migratory seahorses. There was no genetic subdivision among the different geographical populations of H. mohnikei along China’s coast. In conclusion, this study confirmed that large-scale seasonal seahorse migrations occur periodically and that reproduction is one of the important drivers, suggesting that closed-season fishing of breeding grounds is essential and applicable for seahorse conservation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ekaterina R. Barkova

The study explores the peculiarities of demographic processes in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the socioeconomic factors determining them. The author tests hypotheses about the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics of the population with fertility and migration basing on data from 13 municipalities of the region for 2011–2017. The analysis reveals a statistically significant relationship between age-specific fertility rate for women aged 15–49 and such indicators as marriage and divorce rates, wages, the proportion of employed in the working-age population, the enrolment of children in preschool education, and the proportion of families who received housing or improved housing conditions among those registered in the housing program. Inbound migration rate is statistically related to wages, as well as to proportion of employed in the total working-age population, while outbound migration rate is linked to proportion of those employed in mining, as well as to indicators characterizing situation in the marriage market.


2014 ◽  
pp. 727-735
Author(s):  
Radoslav Corovic

At the beginning of the observed period, the population dynamics in Eastern Herzegovina was characterized by stagnation, followed by the decrease of the total population, primarily due to traditionally present emigration, but also due to negative natural population growth. Birth rates decreasing processes, population ageing, and some other predominantly negative demographic processes have been reported for decades. This area has a low population density, while spatial distribution of the population is characterized by concentration in settlements which have the function of a municipal centre. Contemporary demographic indicators (of natural increase of population and migration) indicate further decrease in population of this region, especially of its rural parts. This is also shown by the previous 2013 Census data. Keeping in mind the current demographic indicators and characteristics of the population, side by side with weak economic development of this region, it may be expected that negative trends in population development will continue.


Author(s):  
Elena Ivanovna Kozlova ◽  
Maksim Andreevich Novak

The demographic trends in social development have a basic foundation with regards to any other trends. Therefore, the management solutions aimed at rising birth rate, increasing longevity of life, and optimization of migration flows become an integral part of the federal and regional development strategies. Growing depopulation of the country actualizes studying of the problem of demographic development. The goal consists in substantiation and determination of the problematic aspects in the priority vectors of demographic development and tools of their implementation included into the Strategy of Socioeconomic Development of Lipetsk Region for the period until 2024. Analysis is conducted on the dynamics of demographic processes in Lipetsk Region for the period from 01.01.2017 to 01.01.2019. The author assesses the possibility of achieving target indicators of the regional development strategy by natural decline in population and size of population of Lipetsk Region of working age. The conclusion is substantiated on the inaccurate determination of regional demographic trends by the authorities in the current cycle; weak response to the regional demographic situation by making management decisions. The author proposes to modify the formulation of the goal of development strategy of Lipetsk Oblasts in demographic sphere.


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