ДИНАМИКА ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА

Author(s):  
V.L. Ushakova

В статье рассматривается динамика численности населения в геополитически и экономически важной территории тихоокеанском побережье Дальнего Востока, как в советские, так и постсоветские годы. Проанализированы проистекающие здесь процессы изменения численности населения в течение длительного периода (19592015 гг.). Прибрежные территории имеют различия демографического развития, обусловленные особенностями освоения, экономикогеографического положения, уровнем социальноэкономического развития. Различия в размерах территории и численности постоянного населения находят отражение в показателе плотности населения, что также оказывает влияние на различия в демографическом потенциале. Демографические процессы протекают по разному в северных и южных муниципальных образованиях, а помимо фактора людности поселений, прибрежное положение накладывает свой отпечаток на них. Так, основной проблемой демографического развития материкового побережья Японского моря остается депопуляция. Только в пяти городских округах отмечается положительная динамика роста населения: Владивостокском, Артемовском, ЮжноСахалинском, ПетропавловскКамчатском и Магаданском. В результате усиливающейся концентрации населения вокруг региональных центров, демографические процессы заметно отличаются от периферийных прибрежных территорий, теряющих свое население. В северных субъектах отмечается значительная зависимость миграционного прироста с созданием крупных добывающих производств, определивших уровень экономического благополучия проживавшего здесь населения. Отток населения связан со сворачиванием добывающих производств в связи с перестроечными реформами. Такие особенности формирования демографического потенциала следует учитывать при разработке программ социальноэкономического развития этих территорий. Отмечается, что демографические процессы в различные периоды здесь проистекали с различной интенсивностью, по этим критериям выделены два разнонаправленных периода: период активного роста населения и период снижения численности населения. Положительная или отрицательная динамика численности населения в большинстве обусловлена влиянием миграционного и естественного движения в сторону роста или сокращения соответственно. Сохранение и наращивание человеческих ресурсов в регионе возможно только в условиях эффективной миграционной политики, направленной на сохранение собственного демографического потенциала и привлечение мигрантов. In the article populations dynamics in the geopolitically and economically important territory the Pacific coast of the Far East, both in the Soviet and PostSoviet years is considered. The processes of populations change occurring there for a long period of time (19592015) have been analyzed. The coastal territories are differed by demographic development conditioned by the features of development, by an economicgeographical position and by the level of socialeconomic development. The distinctions in the sizes of the territory and the number of resident population are reflected in the indicator of populations density, which also influences the distinctions in the demographic potential. The demographic processes occur in different ways in the northern and southern municipal unions. Besides the factor of population size in the settlements, the coastal position has its impact on them. For example, depopulation remains the basic problem of demographic development of the continental coast of the Sea of Japan. Only in five city districts positive dynamics of populations growth has been marked. These are Vladivostok, Artem, YuzhnoSakhalinsk, PetropavlovskKamchatky, and Magadan. As a result of amplifying concentration of the population around the regional centers, the demographic processes considerably differ from the peripheral coastal territories losing their population. In the northern subjects considerable dependence of migratory gain with creation of the large extracting industries, which have defined the level of economic wellbeing of the population living there, is marked. Population outflow is resulted from cutting down of the extracting industries in connection with the reorganization reforms. Such features of formation of the demographic potential should be considered in developing the programs of socialeconomic development of these territories. It is noticed, that there the demographic processes occurred with various intensity during the various periods. Two criteria of the different direction are allocated by these criteria, i.e. the period of active increase in the population and that of the decrease in the population. In a number of cases, positive or negative dynamics of population is caused by the influence of the migratory and natural movements towards growth or reduction respectively. Preservation and an increase in human resources in the region are possible only under the conditions of the effective migratory policy directed to preservation of its own demographic potential and attraction of migrants.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Ushakova

В статье рассматривается динамика численности населения в геополитически и экономически важной территории тихоокеанском побережье Дальнего Востока, как в советские, так и постсоветские годы. Проанализированы проистекающие здесь процессы изменения численности населения в течение длительного периода (19592015 гг.). Прибрежные территории имеют различия демографического развития, обусловленные особенностями освоения, экономикогеографического положения, уровнем социальноэкономического развития. Различия в размерах территории и численности постоянного населения находят отражение в показателе плотности населения, что также оказывает влияние на различия в демографическом потенциале. Демографические процессы протекают по разному в северных и южных муниципальных образованиях, а помимо фактора людности поселений, прибрежное положение накладывает свой отпечаток на них. Так, основной проблемой демографического развития материкового побережья Японского моря остается депопуляция. Только в пяти городских округах отмечается положительная динамика роста населения: Владивостокском, Артемовском, ЮжноСахалинском, ПетропавловскКамчатском и Магаданском. В результате усиливающейся концентрации населения вокруг региональных центров, демографические процессы заметно отличаются от периферийных прибрежных территорий, теряющих свое население. В северных субъектах отмечается значительная зависимость миграционного прироста с созданием крупных добывающих производств, определивших уровень экономического благополучия проживавшего здесь населения. Отток населения связан со сворачиванием добывающих производств в связи с перестроечными реформами. Такие особенности формирования демографического потенциала следует учитывать при разработке программ социальноэкономического развития этих территорий. Отмечается, что демографические процессы в различные периоды здесь проистекали с различной интенсивностью, по этим критериям выделены два разнонаправленных периода: период активного роста населения и период снижения численности населения. Положительная или отрицательная динамика численности населения в большинстве обусловлена влиянием миграционного и естественного движения в сторону роста или сокращения соответственно. Сохранение и наращивание человеческих ресурсов в регионе возможно только в условиях эффективной миграционной политики, направленной на сохранение собственного демографического потенциала и привлечение мигрантов. In the article populations dynamics in the geopolitically and economically important territory the Pacific coast of the Far East, both in the Soviet and PostSoviet years is considered. The processes of populations change occurring there for a long period of time (19592015) have been analyzed. The coastal territories are differed by demographic development conditioned by the features of development, by an economicgeographical position and by the level of socialeconomic development. The distinctions in the sizes of the territory and the number of resident population are reflected in the indicator of populations density, which also influences the distinctions in the demographic potential. The demographic processes occur in different ways in the northern and southern municipal unions. Besides the factor of population size in the settlements, the coastal position has its impact on them. For example, depopulation remains the basic problem of demographic development of the continental coast of the Sea of Japan. Only in five city districts positive dynamics of populations growth has been marked. These are Vladivostok, Artem, YuzhnoSakhalinsk, PetropavlovskKamchatky, and Magadan. As a result of amplifying concentration of the population around the regional centers, the demographic processes considerably differ from the peripheral coastal territories losing their population. In the northern subjects considerable dependence of migratory gain with creation of the large extracting industries, which have defined the level of economic wellbeing of the population living there, is marked. Population outflow is resulted from cutting down of the extracting industries in connection with the reorganization reforms. Such features of formation of the demographic potential should be considered in developing the programs of socialeconomic development of these territories. It is noticed, that there the demographic processes occurred with various intensity during the various periods. Two criteria of the different direction are allocated by these criteria, i.e. the period of active increase in the population and that of the decrease in the population. In a number of cases, positive or negative dynamics of population is caused by the influence of the migratory and natural movements towards growth or reduction respectively. Preservation and an increase in human resources in the region are possible only under the conditions of the effective migratory policy directed to preservation of its own demographic potential and attraction of migrants.


POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Motrich

Currently, the socio-economic development of the country, any of its subjects is closely linked to the dynamics of demographic processes. The paper provides a traditional analysis of statistical data on the formation of the population of Khabarovsk krai, shows the current distribution of the population of the region on its territory. The study presents the results of the analysis of the processes of natural population movement and shows the role of migration flows (intraregional, interregional and international) in the formation of the dynamics, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the population of Khabarovsk krai in comparison with the general Far East indicators. The paper identifies the main areas of migration attraction of the population of Khabarovsk krai. There is shown the dynamics of the population of Khabarovsk krai in comparison with other subjects of the Far East. The analysis of the natural reproduction of the population in Khabarovsk krai, presented in the paper, shows the dynamics of fertility and mortality in the region and their opportunities for formation of the demographic potential in the future. The article discusses the current and prospective age structure of the population of Khabarovsk krai, compares it with similar indicators for the Far East region as a whole. Analysis of the transformation of the population structure by age revealed the situation with the reduction of labor potential, which entails the necessity to attract labor using interregional and external migration. On the basis of the established trends in the dynamics of the population, an assumption is made about the possible risks of achieving the indicators provided for by the Concept of demographic policy in the Far East of Russia. The prospective population of Khabarovsk krai is offered for consideration in two variants, the need for implementation of the task to secure population is substantiated.


Author(s):  
Leonid Rybakovskiy ◽  
Oleg Rybakovskiy ◽  
Tamara Fadeeva

The article covers the historical determinism of Russia’s choice of priority courses in terms of its subsequent centuries-long development. Being not only a European country but also an Asian one, Russia has developed into the largest country in the world, gaining access to the Pacific Ocean, expanding the opportunities for large-scale fleet development and extraction of coastal shelf resources. It has grown into the country rich in its natural resources. The necessity for large-scale integration of natural resources in the national economy along with the strengthening the Asian geopolitical status of the country was fully recognized in the Soviet years as evidenced by the successful settlement of Siberia and the Far East. The article states that in the 1990s Russia lost a number of benchmarks serving as boosters for its geopolitical status and economic po­wer. The paper provides evidence that for many decades the life expectancy level in Siberia and the Far East has been below its average level within the country, which remains a major determinant of migration outflows and the population decline in these regions of Russia. The authors present approaches to form the strategy of demographic development with respect to the eastern part of the country. The strategy proceeds from the need to ensure continuous growth of the demographic potential and at the same time to address ethnic, natural, geographical, geopolitical, and other conditions of the regions, which largely determine the specific character of population dynamics, its settlement, and much more.


POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Yury A. Avdeev ◽  
Zinaida I. Sidorkina ◽  
Valentina L. Ushakova

The paper considers the features of the demographic processes in the Russian Arctic zone by the example of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the period from 1939 to 2017. The future of the Arctic depends in large part on its demographic potential. What should be the population of the territory, how the space is organized, whether the population is needed, or enough of the watch organization of production: what should be done (or what not to do) so that the way of life of the native and the indigenous population remained in harmony with the environment, and at the same time solved large-scale tasks in the interests of the country. The study uses the method of constructing and comparing demographic pyramids for different time periods. There are specified demographic groups that differ in their reproductive behavior. On this basis, time periods were identified, within which demographic processes were going in different ways that allows us to assess the relationship between the nature and outcome of these processes and the structure of population at different stages of history. Based on the prospective analysis of the demographic processes in the territory of development of this part of the country, there was revealed the specific in the dynamics and features of the formation of the demographic potential through natural reproduction and migration movement of the indigenous people and newcomers. The authors examined the changes in the population structure at the time of population growth due to intensive arrivals before 1990 and the dramatic decrease as a result of the outflow in the 1990 s, which significantly changed the structure of the population, the ratio between different groups. This approach to analysis of demographic indicators may be used in elaboration of strategic plans for socio-economic development of the region. It gives an adequate assessment of the current situation, helps to formulate in strategic documents the goals and objectives of socioeconomic development, to determine the priorities in the regional demographic policy.


Author(s):  
Halyna Babiak ◽  
Tetiana Mesaksudi

The article is about problems of reproduction of the population of Ternopil region. Substantiated demographic policy is an important factor in regulating population reproduction processes. It should have influence on the formation of the society's desired mode of reproduction of the population or preservation of changes in trends in the dynamics of population and structure of population, the pace of their changes, dynamics of birth rate, mortality, family composition, internal and external migration, qualitative characteristics of the population. It is necessary to develop and approve the Concept of Demographic Development of Society if we want to improve the current demographic situation in Ukraine and in the Ternopil region. An assessment of trends in the demographic development of the Ternopil region is presented in this article. Authors concludedthat the current demographic situation is negative after studying demographic processes in the region. The population is reduced due to natural and mechanical movements. Analyzing the current state of the development of demographic processes in the Ternopil region, it is advisable to identify trends in population changes in the future. Therefore in this article we made evaluation of the prospects of population development in the region. The article contains information about population in Ternopil region and that it will decrease in the future. Therefore, the development of effective demographic policies is necessary. It would stop the negative processes of reproduction of the population, by changing the direction of their development. It involves real and specific steps for the development of the economy, the social sphere and improve the living level of the region. Practical recommendations on the perspective and ways of improving the demographic situation in the region are developed in the article.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-779
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova

Subject. This study focuses on the Finno-Ugric peoples carrying unique cultural customs and traditions. Objectives. I evaluate how various factors influence the demographic development of the Finno-Ugric peoples. Methods. Analyzing the current situation, I refer to official statistics and the Health for All database of the World Health Organization, statistical yearbooks of the Russian State Statistics Service. All data were organized as a special information system including several related blocks, such as economic development of locations, demographic situation, health and healthcare. Research was based on the comparative analysis of key medical-demographic and socio-economic indicators, and economic-mathematical apparatus. Results. I comprehensively evaluated the current situation macro- and mesoeconomically by gradually shifting from the comparison of countries to regional trends. I traced patterns of medical and demographic processes in the Finno-Ugric countries, such as Hungary, Finland and Estonia, and national autonomies across Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. I discovered that there is a certain relationship between a man and environment that translate into physical and physical health of people. They should be taken into consideration when outlining demographic development programs. The findings can be used to prepare regional medical and demographic documents, including the prevention of suicidal behavior and alcoholism and general medical services.


2000 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Osipov ◽  
V. P. Verkholat

Two territories on the western coast of Peter the Great Bay were mapped in the large scale. The geobotanical mapping means revealing and displaying the essential regularities of vegetation cover. Both the spatial and temporal regularities of vegetation under natural and anthropogenic influences are well pronounced in the territory under consideration. The concept of the vegetation spatial unit (vegetation complexes) was applied as a basis for mapping. The maps and their legend were worked out as a system of vegetation combination types (vegetation combination is a spatial unit of the supracoenotic level). Such categories, as vegetation of tops and slopes, lowlands and river valleys, sea coasts reflect maximal contrasts in vegetation cover, so they are the highest level divisions of the map legend. Types of succession series and stages of series are developed for construction of the second and third levels of the legend. Communities, similar in ecotope, total species composition, saplings and some other characteristics, are referred to one type of series. 5 types of series have been distinguished: dry, fresh, moist, very moist, wet. The main factor of dynamics in considered territory is fire and the series are mainly pyrogeneous. Series are presented as sequences of vegetation stages. The vegetation stages for tops and slopes are: closed low forest — open low woodland — shrub thicket with saplings — meadow with saplings, for lowlands and river valleys they are: open low woodland — thicket of saplings — meadow or mire with saplings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ishida ◽  
Ryosuke S. Isono ◽  
Jun Kita ◽  
Yutaka W. Watanabe

AbstractThis study examines long-term ocean pH data to evaluate ocean acidification (OA) trends at two coastal research institutions located on the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean. These laboratories are located away from the influences of large rivers and major industrial activity. Measurements were performed daily for the past 30 years (1980s–2010s). The average annual ocean pH for both sites showed generally negative trends. These trends were – 0.0032 and – 0.0068 year–1 (p < 0.001) at the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean sites, respectively. The trends were superimposed onto approximately 10-year oscillations, which appear to synchronize with the ocean current periodicity. At the Sea of Japan site, the ocean pH in the summer was higher, and the rate of OA was higher than during other seasons. Our results suggest that seasonality and ocean currents influence OA in the coastal areas of open oceans and can affect the coastal regions of marginal seas.


1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (251) ◽  
pp. 112-112

Mr. Maurice Aubert, Vice-President of the ICRC, went on mission from 8 to 28 February to the Far East and the Pacific which brought him to Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand and Australia.In each of the countries visited, Mr. Aubert met government officials, members of parliament and senior staff members of National Red Cross Societies. He discussed various issues of humanitarian interest with them, particularly with regard to the activities of the ICRC in the world and the ratification of the Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions.


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