scholarly journals The Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing in Quantifying Snow Cover and Precipitation in Kabul Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qamar Zaman ◽  
Shahid Nawaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Hydrologic Modelling ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
The People

Water Resources availability is very important to social and economic well-being of the people and has huge impacts on the socio-economic scenarios of a country. Precipitation and snow cover area assessment is some of the major inputs in hydrologic modelling and also for assessing and managing water resources in a basin. The change in the water availability in a basin has huge socio-economic impacts because of the water usage for food production, industries, and many others. The main aim of this study was to measure the snow cover area and precipitation from 2001 to 2015 in the Kabul basin. Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Tropical Rainfall measuring Mission (TRMM) data were used to study snow cover area and precipitation respectively during 2001-2015. 8-day snow cover product for 15 years (January) was used to analyse the snow cover while monthly data of TRMM (3B43) were used to analyse the rainfall from 2001-2015. Different image processing techniques were applied on the data retrieved using GIS and Remote Sensing softwares. Initially, SCA was seen increasing, but during the last 3-4 years, it kept decreasing gradually. Rainfall was initially recorded as low, while later on, it was recorded high and reached the highest during 2010. Keywords: MODIS; Snow Cover; TRMM; Precipitation; Kabul Basin; Remote Sensing   Copyright (c) 2020 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

scholarly journals GIS and Remote Sensing Application in Water Management in Agriculture Field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sassi Mohamed Taher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Practical Applications

This document is meant to demonstrate the potential uses of remote sensing in managing water resources for irrigated agriculture and to create awareness among potential users. Researchers in various international programs have studied the potential use of remotely sensed data to obtain accurate information on land surface processes and conditions. These studies have demonstrated that quantitative assessment of the soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer processes can lead to a better understanding of the relationships between crop growth and water management. Remote sensing and GIS was used to map the agriculture area and for detect the change. This was very useful for mapping availability and need of water resources but the problem was concentrating in data collection and analysis because this kind of information and expertise are not available in all country in the world mainly in the developing and under developed country or third world country. However, even though considerable progress has been made over the past 20 years in research applications, remotely sensed data remain underutilized by practicing water resource managers. This paper seeks to bridge the gap between researchers and practitioners first, by illustrating where research tools and techniques have practical applications and, second, by identifying real problems that remote sensing could solve. An important challenge in the field of water resources is to utilize the timely, objective and accurate information provided by remote sensing.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physical Water Scarcity in Africa Using GRACE and TRMM Satellite Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Hasan ◽  
Aondover Tarhule ◽  
Yang Hong ◽  
Berrien Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Available Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
Trmm Precipitation

The critical role of water in enabling or constraining human well-being and socioeconomic activities has led to an interest in quantitatively establishing the status of water (in)sufficiency over space and time. Falkenmark introduced the first widely accepted measure of water status, the Water Scarcity Index (WSI), which expressed the status of the availability of water resources in terms of vulnerability, stress, and scarcity. Since then, numerous indicators have been introduced, but nearly all adopt the same basic formulation; water status is a function of “available water” resource—by the demand or use. However, the accurate assessment of “available water” is difficult, especially in data-scarce regions, such as Africa. In this paper, therefore, we introduce a satellite-based Potential Available Water Storage indicator, PAWS. The method integrates GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite Total Water Storage (TWS) measurements with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation estimates between 2002 and 2016. First, we derived the countries’ Internal Water Storage (IWS) using GRACE and TRMM precipitation data. Then, the IWS was divided by the population density to derive the PAWS per capita. Following the Falkenmark thresholds, 54% of countries are classified in the same water vulnerability status as the AQUASTAT Internal Renewable Water Resources (IRWR) method. Of the remaining countries, PAWS index leads to one or two categories shift (left or right) of water status. The PAWS index shows that 14% (~160 million people) of Africa’s population currently live under water scarcity status. With respect to future projections, PAWS index suggests that a 10% decrease in future water resources would affect ~37% of Africa’s 2025 population (~600 million people), and 57% for 2050 projections (~1.4-billion people). The proposed approach largely overcomes the constraints related to the data needed to rapidly and robustly estimate available water resources by incorporating all stocks of water within the country, as well as underscores the recent water storage dynamics. However, the estimates obtained concern potential available water resources, which may not be utilizable for practical, economic, and technological issues.

ANÁLISE HIDROCLIMATOLÓGICA E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS: PROPOSTAS PARA A GESTÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DE QUIXERAMOBIM – CE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-599
Author(s):  
Joalana Araújo Macêdo ◽  
Giovanna De Castro Silva ◽  
Francisco Samuel Nobre Ramos ◽  
Francisco Davy Braz Rabelo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Natural Components ◽  
Sistemas De Informacion ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Management And Conservation

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as condições hidrológicas associadas ao clima predominante no município de Quixeramobim, localizado na Mesorregião do Sertão Central no estado do Ceará. Além de identificar os principais impactos ambientais, com intuito de contribuir para a gestão adequada dos recursos hídricos do município. Quanto ao método, constituiu-se em abordagem qualiqualitativa, observações sistemáticas dos recursos hídricos, entre outros componentes naturais do município, e utilizações de técnicas para a identificação dos principais impactos resultantes das ações antrópicas na região. Para análise hidroclimatológica, foram coletados e tratados dados pluviométricos durante a série histórica de (2006 a 2016), a elaboração de gráficos e balanço hídrico para a observação do comportamento hidrológico do município. Foram realizadas observações diretas em campo e utilização de técnicas operacionais, com auxílio de ferramentas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e do Sensoriamento Remoto. Quanto os resultados obtidos, foram levantados uma série de problemas ambientais relacionados à degradação dos recursos hídricos, entre outras unidades geoambientais. Considera-se que estas análises contribuam para subsidiar e auxiliar na identificação de ações que visem priorizar a melhoria na gestão e conservação dos recursos naturais do município.Palavras – chave: análise hidroclimatológica; impactos ambientais; recursos hídricos; unidade geoambiental.ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the hydrological conditions associated with predominant climate in the municipality of Quixeramobim, located in the Meso-region of the Central backcountry in the state of Ceará. In addition, the main environmental impacts, with the aim of contributing to a better adequate management of the municipality's water resources. As for the method, it was a constituted in a qualitative approach in which they were used systematic observations of hydric resources and other natural components of the municipality, and utilizations of techniques to identification of the main impacts resulting from anthropic actions in the region. For hydroclimatological analysis, were collected and treated pluviometric data during the historical series of (2006 to 2016), the elaboration of graphs and hydric balance for the observation of the hydrological behavior of the municipality. the field and utilization of operational techniques, with the help of tools of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing. Regarding the results obtained, a series of environmental problems were collected related to the degradation of the hydric resources and among other geoenvironmental units. It is considered that these analyzes contribute in a way to subsidize, assist in the identification of actions aimed at prioritizing a greater management and conservation of the natural resources of the municipality.Key-words: hydroclimatological analysis; environmental impacts; water resources; geoenvironmental unit. RESUMENEste estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las condiciones hidrológicas asociadas con el clima predominante en el municipio de Quixeramobim, ubicado en la Mesorregión de Sertão Central en el estado de Ceará. Además de identificar los principales impactos ambientales, con el fin de contribuir a la gestión adecuada de los recursos hídricos del municipio. En cuanto al método, consistió en un enfoque cualitativo y cualitativo, observaciones sistemáticas de los recursos hídricos, entre otros componentes naturales del municipio, y el uso de técnicas para identificar los principales impactos resultantes de las acciones antrópicas en la región. Para el análisis hidroclimatológico, los datos de lluvia se recolectaron y trataron durante la serie histórica (2006 a 2016), la elaboración de gráficos y el balance hídrico para observar el comportamiento hidrológico del municipio. Las observaciones directas de campo y las técnicas operativas se llevaron a cabo utilizando sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) y herramientas de teledetección. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, se plantearon una serie de problemas ambientales relacionados con la degradación de los recursos hídricos, entre otras unidades geoambientales. Se considera que estos análisis contribuyen a subsidiar y ayudar en la identificación de acciones que tienen como objetivo priorizar la mejora en la gestión y conservación de los recursos naturales del municipio.Palabras clave: análisis hidroclimatológico; impactos ambientales; recursos hídricos; unidad geoambiental.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) TO ANALYSE THE IMPACT OF LAND USE ON THE WETLANDS IN PORT HARCOURT AND OBIO/ AKPOR L.G.A. RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. U. Richard ◽  
Ibochi Andrew Abah
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
The Impact

The study area is in verge the state of wetlands extinction due to over utilization and lack of regulations that will ensure effective management of its resources. The study areas: Port Harcourt and Obio/ Akpor L.G. As are undergoing rapid urban and industrial expansion due to available natural resources and these activities have degraded the wetlands which hither-to represent the source of living for the people. This study investigated the impact of land use/ land cover on wetlands in Port Harcourt and Obio/ Akpor L.G. As using GIS and remote sensing approach. The study was conducted using Landsat satellite image of 2000, 2007, and 2013 to analysed change in land use/ cover as a result of the aforesaid activities. The supervised classification method in ENVI 5.0 software was adopted and change detection analysis was computed in order to examine change in land use that has impacted on wetlands habitat. The change results show percentage decrease in water body by -0.39% from 2000 to 2007 and -0.70% from 2000 to 2013, built-up areas also increased by 11.95% from 2000 to 2007 and 28.47% from 2000 to 2013. Similarly, wetlands decreased by -13.52% from 2000 to 2013. Therefore, it was concluded that urbanization in built-up, industrial, and dredging activities are the main causes of wetlands loss in the area with most wetlands being converted to built-up areas and dredged sites. The study justified the ability of remote sensing and GIS software for modelling wetlands change over these periods.

Seasonal to sub-seasonal hydrological forecast in Central Asia to improve water management and mitigate hydrometeorological risks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abror Gafurov ◽  
Olga Kalashnikova ◽  
Uktam Adkhamov ◽  
Akmal Gafurov ◽  
Adkham Mamaraimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Hydrological Forecast

<p>Central Asia is facing a water shortage due to the negative impacts of climate change and demographic development. Water resources in this region originate mainly in the mountains of Pamir and Tian-Shan due to snow-and glacier melt. However, a limited observation network is available in these mountain systems and many are malfunctioning. Thus, the region needs new innovative methods to forecast seasonal and sub-seasonal water availability to ensure better water resources management and mitigate hydro-meteorological risks.</p><p>In this study, we present the results of our efforts for many years to develop a forecasting tool and implementation in the region. Since the region has limited observed meteorological data, we use primarily remote sensing data on snow cover for this purpose. We apply the MODIS snow cover data that is processed, including cloud removal, using the MODSNOW-Tool. We have applied this tool, which can be used to monitor snow cover in an operational mode and forecast water availability for the vegetation period but also for the monthly scale using the multiple linear regression method.</p><p>Our results show that snow is important in most of the river basins and can also be used as a single predictor to forecast seasonal water availability. Especially, in remote areas with limited observations, this approach gives a possibility of forecasting water availability for different time period. Besides seasonal hydrological forecast, the MODSNOW-Tool was also used to forecast water availability for upcoming months. The validity of forecasts were tested against observed discharge for the last 20 years and mostly above 70 % verification was achieved. Additionally to remote sensing based snow cover data, observed meteorological information was also used as predictors and improved the validity of forecast models in some river basins.</p><p>The implementation of the MODSNOW-Tool to improve the hydrological forecast was done for 28 river basins in Central Asia that are located in the territories of five post-Soviet countries Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.  The MODSNOW-Tool was also implemented at the National Hydrometeorological Services (NHMS) of each post-Soviet country.</p>

scholarly journals Snow cover dynamics in Andean watersheds of Chile (32.0–39.5° S) during the years 2000–2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5111-5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Stehr ◽  
Mauricio Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Chilean Andes

Abstract. Andean watersheds present important snowfall accumulation mainly during the winter, which melts during the spring and part of the summer. The effect of snowmelt on the water balance can be critical to sustain agriculture activities, hydropower generation, urban water supplies and wildlife. In Chile, 25 % of the territory between the region of Valparaiso and Araucanía comprises areas where snow precipitation occurs. As in many other difficult-to-access regions of the world, there is a lack of hydrological data of the Chilean Andes related to discharge, snow courses, and snow depths, which complicates the analysis of important hydrological processes (e.g. water availability). Remote sensing provides a promising opportunity to enhance the assessment and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of snow characteristics, such as the snow cover area (SCA) and snow cover dynamic (SCD). With regards to the foregoing questions, the objective of the study is to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the SCA at five watersheds (Aconcagua, Rapel, Maule, Biobío and Toltén) located in the Chilean Andes, between latitude 32.0 and 39.5° S, and to analyse its relationship with the precipitation regime/pattern and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Those watersheds were chosen because of their importance in terms of their number of inhabitants, and economic activities depending on water resources. The SCA area was obtained from MOD10A2 for the period 2000–2016, and the SCD was analysed through a number of statistical tests to explore observed trends. In order to verify the SCA for trend analysis, a validation of the MOD10A2 product was done, consisting of the comparison of snow presence predicted by MODIS with ground observations. Results indicate that there is an overall agreement of 81 to 98 % between SCA determined from ground observations and MOD10A2, showing that the MODIS snow product can be taken as a feasible remote sensing tool for SCA estimation in southern–central Chile. Regarding SCD, no significant reduction in SCA for the period 2000–2016 was detected, with the exception of the Aconcagua and Rapel watersheds. In addition to that, an important decline in SCA in the five watersheds for the period of 2012 and 2016 was also evident, which is coincidental with the rainfall deficit for the same years. Findings were compared against ENSO episodes that occurred during 2010–2016, detecting that Niña years are coincident with maximum SCA during winter in all watersheds.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variability of Waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Md. Naimur Rahman ◽  
Sajjad Hossain Shozib
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Raster Analysis

Waterlogging hazard is a significant environmental issue closely linked to land use for sustainable urbanization. NDWI is widely and effectively used in identifying and visualizing surface water distribution based on satellite imagery. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI TIRS images of pre and post-monsoon (2002, 2019) have been used. The main objective of this study is to detect the seasonal variation of waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation (RPCC) in 2002 and 2019. In the present study, we used an integrated procedure by using ArcGIS raster analysis. For pre and post-monsoon, almost 93% accuracy was obtained from image analysis. Results show that in 2002 during the pre and post-monsoon period, waterlogged areas were about 159.58 km2 and 32.32 km2, respectively, wherein in 2019, the changes in waterlogged areas are reversed than 2002. In 2019, during pre-monsoon, waterlogged area areas were 122.79 km2, and during post-monsoon, it increased to 127.05 km2. The research also depicts that the trend of the waterlogging situation largely depends on seasonal rainfall and a flawed drainage system. Keywords : Seasonal variation; Waterlogging; Remote sensing; GIS; Rangpur City Corporation   Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation analysis of snow cover in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor based on remote sensing technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
ZhiHua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Karakoram Mountains

Based on the MODIS10A2 snow product data from 2001 to 2019, the characteristics of annual variation, interannual variation and spatial distribution of snow cover in China Pakistan Economic Corridor from 2001 to 2019 are analyzed by using remote sensing technology. The result shows that: the snow-cover in a year generally starts from the middle of October, and the snow cover area reaches the maximum value in January of the next year, and reaches the minimum value in July. From 2001 to 2019, the snow area of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor generally showed a decreasing trend. The distribution of snow in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is extremely uneven. The northern area is obviously more than that in the south. The mountainous and plateau areas are with high frequency of snow cover, and the plains are areas with low frequency of snow-cover. Permanent snow-cover is relatively low. Few, mainly concentrated in the Karakoram Mountains, in terms of distribution range, mainly distributed in 4452-8378 m.

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