scholarly journals Diariusz i listy. Kilka uwag o charakterze pism Kazimierza Sarneckiego

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ślęczka
Keyword(s):  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Task ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Genre Classification ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the article is the issue of genre classification of the writings of Kazimierz Sar-necki, who was a permanent agent of the Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, at the court of Jan Sobieski III. Sarnecki’s main task was to obtain information about what was happening around the monarch — above all his state of health and all the other matters, even of the lowest importance. Incarrying out his assigned tasks, Sarnecki kept a diary which, at intervals of about a week, he sent to his principal along with a separate letter. In it, he reported on his own activities, answered questions, and supplemented information that he did not record in the diary. They were two separate texts written independently but he sent them in one package. He used two different names to de-scribe them (diary and letter). Researchers of old Polish literature, however, were looking for a term that would allow Sar-necki’s entire preserved output to be given one name. Two such suggestions were made. The first of these comes from Janusz Woliński, the publisher of Sarnecki’s work, who called it a memoir. This is not a correct term because the work does not meet any of the elements of the memoir definition (Sarnecki does not focus the narrative on himself, his storytelling of the events is subordinate to a consistent pattern, there is also no time distance to the described matters). The author of the second is Alojzy Sajkowski. He created the term “epistolographic relation” because in the diary he saw an element subordinate to the letter accounts; he also noticed the similar-ity between the writings of Sarnecki and Jan Piotrowski, who kept a diary during the siege of Pskov (1581–1582) and from time to time rephrased subsequent parts, giving them a form of a letter which he then sent to his patron, Andrzej Opaliński. This term is not correct enough either. Sarnecki was not creating one work which combined elements of a diary and a letter but two separate works — a diary and a letter. Similarities with Piotrowski’s diary only go so far — Sarnecki did not rephrase anything, but sent “raw” material, and did not include the diary into the letter. That is why it is a better solution to use the names introduced by the author himself, because in this way we define the nature of his writing output most accurately.

scholarly journals Cystic renal diseases: role of ultrasound. Part II, genetic cystic renal diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kabaalioglu ◽  
Nesrin Gunduz ◽  
Ayse Keven ◽  
Emel Durmaz ◽  
Mine Aslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cysts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features

Kidney cysts are quite common in adults. Though small simple renal cysts in an adult over 30-40 years of age are not too unusual, however, if the same cysts are seen in a child, and especially if there are additional findings, then several diagnostic possibilities may come to mind. The role of ultrasound, together with the help of intravenous contrast agents and Doppler mode, are very critical in describing the morphologic features and follow-up of the complex or multiple and bilateral renal cysts. These sonographic signs are occasionally specific for diagnosis, but in many cases sonographic clues should be evaluated together with the other genetic and clinical data to reach diagnosis.The first part of this pictorial essay included the introduction into the subject and the classification of non-genetic cystic renal diseases. The key features for the non-genetic cystic renal diseases are illustrated. In the second part, eye-catching features of genetic cystic renal diseases are demonstrated.

Notes on the Types of English Villages and their Distribution

Antiquity ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Page
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Division I ◽  
The West ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church ◽  
Mountainous Country

Little has been done towards solving the problem of the Saxon settlement of England by studying the types of villages and their distribution. Professor Maitland saw the importance of the subject and pointed out how valuable in this respect was the ordnance map ‘that marvellous palimpsest which under Dr Meitzen's guidance we are beginning to decipher’. Helpful, however, as the ordnance maps are, they cannot be read alone, a knowledge of the archaeology, history and topography of the district under review is a necessary equipment for such an investigation. The remarks here made are tentative and are offered in the hope they may be an incentive to others with local knowledge to examine the evidence of their districts.Professor Maitland, following Dr. Meitzen and others, has adopted two main types of settlements, namely, the scattered or dispersed, and the nucleated or clustered. These two types probably comprehend all forms of settlements, but certainly the nucleated type and possibly the scattered type, show many variants which it may be well to indicate before a methodical study of the subject can be made. I have elsewhere suggested the following classification of English towns and villages which will no doubt require modification and amplification but may meet a want for a preliminary inquiry; (I) scattered or dispersed settlements, (2) nucleated or clustered settlements off lines of communication, (3) nucleated settlements on lines of communication, (4) ring-fence settlements, (5) towns with bridge heads and double towns, (6) towns of gridiron plan, (7) towns of spider's web plan, (8) Bastide towns. Except for the first of these classes all of them are nucleated or clustered, and to this wider division I propose to devote my attention. It may perhaps be pointed out, however, that the scattered or dispersed settlements occur chiefly in Wales and in the west and north of England. They are found throughout Cornwall, in Devon, Somerset and the open parts of the Welsh border counties, in Yorkshire and Derbyshire, and probably they are the origin of the great parishes with their numerous townships of the other northern counties. They were adapted for a pastoral people and are generally to be found in moorland or mountainous country which has become divided into large parishes. They consist of hamlets and single houses or small groups of houses scattered somewhat promiscuously throughout a district. The principal hamlet from which the settlement or parish takes its name-which was probably the meeting place of the district and where the church was eventually placed-was generally on high land or a main road and frequently at cross roads, bridges, or such like places of nodality.

DATA MINING FOR VALIDATION IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: AN EXAMPLE

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 407-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRA KAJKO-MATTSSON ◽  
NED CHAPIN
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Objective Classification ◽  
The Subject

Consider two independently done software engineering studies that used different approaches to cover some of the same subject area, such as software maintenance. Although done differently and for different purposes, to what extent can each study serve as a validation of the other? Within the scope of the subject area overlap, data mining can be applied to provide a quantitative assessment. This paper reports on the data mining that attempted to cross validate two independently done and published software engineering studies of software maintenance, one on a corrective maintenance maturity model, and the other on an objective classification of software maintenance activities. The data mining established that each of the two independently done studies effectively and very strongly validates the other.

Yoga and Ayurveda for Therapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Vina Shah ◽  
Giles Hooper
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Body Work ◽  
Human System ◽  
Breathing Techniques ◽  
The Subject

According to Yoga and Ayurveda, the purpose of therapy is to act against illness or disease so that the human system is restored to balance. There is no doubt that the human system is a complex one, and thus, by its nature,the subject of therapy is often complex. As humans, our inner balance is influenced by six variable factors—diet,lifestyle, environment, body work, breathing techniques,and our thought processes. These factors are interdependent and the connections between them have been analyzed and discussed in the classical texts on Yoga and Ayurveda. Although they place a slightly different emphasis on each of these factors in terms of their relevance to maintaining or restoring health, Yoga and Ayurveda both recognize that we can only alter our state of health or restore our balance by addressing these six factors and the connections between them. Therefore, to approach any therapeutic situation effectively, both Yoga and Ayurveda must be considered. Depending on the nature of the imbalance being treated, one of them will often play a primary role in the treatment and the other will act as a support.

X.—Other Dialectal Forms in Tennessee

PMLA ◽  
1891 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The subject of this paper as announced some time ago in the programme of this convention, is not exactly the one which it should bear. In a former paper, published in the Modern Language Notes, I tried to trace back a number of our peculiar words and speech usages to an earlier period of the language, using Shakespeare as a basis. In the present paper this method of procedure has been attempted only incidentally. In other words, I invite your attention to a study of a few of the peculiarities of the language as found in Tennessee, regardless of their origin and history. It is not to be supposed, however, that the forms pointed out are limited to one particular state or to a small territory. On the other hand, most of them are found throughout the larger portion of the South, and many of them are common over the whole country. Nothing like a complete survey of the field, or a strict classification of the material gathered, has been attempted, and many of the words treated have been discussed by others. A few cases of bad pronunciation have been noticed, rather as an index of characteristic custom than as showing anything new.

scholarly journals Verbal Groups of Telic Action in Albanian Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Gjilda Alimhilli Prendushi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Behavior

In this article I introduce and analyze the syntactic behaviour (compatibility and restrictions) of achievement and accomplishment verbs in standard Albanian, according to Aktionsart. The Aktionsart is a system of classification of verbs into verbal classes morphologically distinct from each other, in which at the basic meaning of the verb are added different values of space, quality, etc. The accomplishments and achievements in Albanian have comparable action meaning and syntactic behavior, such as to justify their inclusion in the class of telic verbs. A telic verb is that one which presents an action or event as being completed in some manner. On the other hand, these two subclasses of telics are also characterized on the basis of a series of distinctive elements that lead us to lay a certain distinction between them. An accomplishment verb is a form that expresses that something or someone has undergone a change in state as the result of the completion of an event. On the other side an achievement verbs express an instant action that changes the state of the subject. By using the categories and procedures of textual linguistics I focus on the semantic and syntactic features of some groups of verbs.

scholarly journals XIII. On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures. —Part III. Lycopodiaceæ (continued)

1872 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 283-318 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
The Relationship

In the last memoir which I laid before the Royal Society I described a number of forms of Lepidodendroid plants from the Coal-measures, without making any material attempt to ascertain the relationship which they bore to each other. I now propose to carry the subject somewhat further, and to show that some of these apparently varied forms of Lycopodiaceæ merely represent identical or closely allied plants in different stages of their growth. The discovery of some remarkable beds in Burntisland, by George Grieve, Esq., and his persistent kindness in supplying me abundantly with the raw material upon which I could work, have enabled me to do this in a manner, at least, satisfactory to myself. Upon the geology of these remarkable beds I will not now enter, beyond saying that they appear to have been patches of peat belonging to the lower Burdiehouse series, which are now imbedded in masses of volcanic amygdaloid. The stratum, where unaltered by contact with the lava, is little more than a mass of vegetable fragments, the minute structure of most of which is exquisitely preserved. The more perfect remains that are capable of being identified belong to but few types. The most abundant of these are the young twigs of a Lepidodendron , portions of the stem of a Diploxylon , stems of a remarkable Lycopodiaceous plant belonging to my new genus Dictyoxylon (but which, for reasons to be stated in a future memoir, I propose to unite with Corda’s genus Heterangium , under the name of H. Grievii ), and fragments of Stigmaria-ficoides . Along with these occur, but more rarely, several other curious Lycopodiaceous and Fern stems, and those of an articulated plant, which I believe to be an Asterophyllites ; also some true Lepidostrobous fruits and myriads of caudate macrospores belonging to the Lepidostrobi . The first point to be noted is that all the Lepidodendroid branches are young twigs. No one example of a large stem has been found presenting exactly the same structure as these small branches, which, as already stated, are so abundant. On the other hand, all the Diploxylons are large branches or matured stems. These facts at once suggested the inquiry whether the two plants referred to might not be complementary to each other. A careful and very extended study of a large number of specimens has convinced me that such is the case. I have made more than a hundred sections of the two forms, and the result has been a remarkably clear testimony that the Lepidodendra are the twigs and young branches of the Diploxylon -stems. I am also led to the conclusion that the Lepidostrbi , with their peculiar macrospores and microspores, belong to the same plant. I will examine each of these forms in detail.

Observations on the minute structure of some of the higher forms of polypi, with views of a more natural arrangement of the class

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 478-479
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Short Account ◽  
The Subject

After a short account of the labours of preceding naturalists in that department of zoology which comprises the various kinds of polypes, and of the different characters on which they have founded the classification of these animals, the author proceeds to the statement of his own observations on several species which had not been previously investigated with sufficient minuteness and care. Two of the species described he believes to be entirely new, and he has accordingly given them the names of Bowerbankia densa , and Lagenella repens . The other species which are the subject of the author’s investigation, are Vesicularia spinosa , Valkeria cuscuta , Alcyonidium diaphanum , Membranipora pilosa , and Notania loriculata .

Why Teach About Congress

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Roger Davidson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
United States Congress ◽  
Love Affair ◽  
Will Rogers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The U.S

Political scientists' long-standing love affair with the United States Congress no doubt baffles people outside the profession. By the same token, the popularity of courses on Congress is not fully understood. Articles and monographs on the subject pour out at a phenomenal rate, and students receive unique benefits from courses on the subject year after year. Still the question is posed: Why so much attention to the U.S. Congress?Much of the puzzlement arises from Congress's persistent image problem. The other branches of government have nothing quite like the comic image of Senator Snort, the florid and incompetent windbag, or Congressman Bob Forehead, the bland and media-driven founder of the "JFK Look-Alike Caucus." Pundits and humorists — from Mark Twain and Will Rogers to Johnny Carson, from Thomas Nast to Garry Trudeau — find Congress an inexhaustible source of raw material. Running down Congress, it seems, is a leading national pastime.

scholarly journals Pedagogic and educational potential of traditional fishing and hunting games of the Forest Nenets people

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
V. I. Prokopenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Educational Impact ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Traditional Fishing

and educational potential of traditional fishing and hunting games. This study provides an analysis of the games of the Forest Nenets people described in previously published studies. The author analyses the classification of the Forest Nenets’ games suggested by the other authors. The author suggests his own classification believing that it reflects pedagogical and educational impact on the child’s and adult’s organism in a more sophisticated way. The study describes the multifunctional orientation of the traditional hunting games in terms of their universality in the vital activities of children and teenagers. Objective: to determine, describe and in some cases to reconstruct the traditional fishing and hunting games of the Forest Nenets people, as well as to reveal their pedagogical and educational potential. Research materials: the author in the work relied on the information on the games of the forest Nenets people contained in published sources, as well as own field materials of the author collected in Nizhnevartovsky District of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (the Agan Forest Nenets people). Results and novelty of the research: the scientific novelty of the study consists in the following facts: the traditional games of the forest Nenets of a fishing and hunting nature are identified, and in some cases reconstructed; their content is most fully described; the pedagogical and educational potential of these games is revealed; the comparison of the presented games with the games of other northern ethnic groups of the Russian Federation is presented; a differentiated classification of traditional games of the Forest Nenets is proposed. It was revealed that the fishing and hunting games of the Forest Nenets acted as an effective pedagogical and educational tool that allows the subject to overcome the psychophysical difficulties, to acquire certain motor skills and skills.

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