scholarly journals Systemowość aksjologiczna prawa

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Marzena Kordela

AXIOLOGICAL COHERENCE OF LAWLaw, qualified as a system, is characterized as such not only due to formal and content relations but also due to axiological relations. The assumption of legislator’s rationality predetermines that by establishing legal norms the legislator is guided by a cohesive, hierarchical and relatively stable system of values axiological rationality. By introducing a given value into a system of law the legislator makes it a value in legal force with all the consequences, e.g. one that regulations of a inferior legal force may not be in disagreement with it. Legal values themselves constitute a system and this coherence is recreated in narrower areas, as e.g. in branches hence value systems in criminal law or in civil law.

Author(s):  
Detlef Liebs

Abstract Four kinds of Romans in the Frankish kingdoms in the 6th to 8th centuries. Roman law texts from Merowingian Gaul make a difference between cives Romani, Latini and dediticii, all considered as Romans. This difference mattered only to slaves who had been freed. The status of Latin and dediticius was hereditary, whereas the descendants of one who had been freed as civis Romanus were free born Romans, who should be classified as a proper, a fourth kind of beeing Roman; it was the standard kind. The difference was important in civil law, procedural law and criminal law, especially in wergeld, the sum to be payed for expiation when somebody had been killed: Who had killed a Roman, had to pay different sums according to the status of the killed.


Author(s):  
Umberto Laffi

Abstract The Principle of the Irretroactivity of the Law in the Roman Legal Experience in the Republican Age. Through an in-depth analysis of literary and legal sources (primarily Cicero) and of epigraphic evidence, the author demonstrates that the principle of the law’s non-retroactivity was known to, and applied by, the Romans since the Republican age. The political struggle favored on several occasions the violation of this principle by imposing an extraordinary criminal legislation, aimed at sanctioning past behaviors of adversaries. But, although with undeniable limits of effectiveness in the dynamic relationship with the retroactivity, the author acknowledges that at the end of the first century BC non-retroactivity appeared as the dominant principle, consolidated both in the field of the civil law as well as substantive criminal law.


1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Greene ◽  
Edith Greene

This article describes a course that bridged the disciplines of clinical and experimental psychology and the law. The course included discussion of issues in criminal law, such as the psychology of policing, the reliability of confessions, victimization, plea bargaining, jury decision making, and alternative dispute resolution, and in civil law, such as civil commitment, predicting dangerousness, and child custody. Course objectives, requirements, and teaching aids are outlined, and some thoughts on integrating these diverse topics are included.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Mochamad Moro Asih ◽  
Tunjung Fitra Wijanarko

The position of the Memorandum of Understanding on Indonesian Civil Law, as a written form of understanding between the parties, is not a law based agreement. In consequences, no sanctions applied for those parties whose denying (the agreement(s), but on moral sanction. However, a Memorandum of Understanding that does not have a compelling legal force can have it sanctions for any parties involved. The strength to binding (parties) of the Memorandum of Understanding according to agreement law in Indonesia is found on Indonesian Civil Code, equate a Memorandum of Understanding with an “agreement”. Article 1338 of Indonesian Civil Code states that every agreement made, legally binding as a law for the parties who made such agreement (Pacta Sunt Servanda), but if the legal elements of the agreement in Article 1320 Indonesia Civil Law are not fulfilled, then the Memorandum of Understanding is anulled and void by law, and has no legal force. Keywords: Memorandum of Understanding, agreement, sanction, Code of Civil Law


SASI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Hajairin Hajairin ◽  
Gufran Sanusi ◽  
Aman Ma’arij

Material processing by PT Tukad Mas Kota Bima which has a negative impact, namely the existence of pollution or environmental damage in the East Rasa Nae Subdistrict, Bima City, so that it can be held accountable under criminal law, civil law and administrative law. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of criminal liability for environmental damage due to material processing by PT Tukad Mas Kota Bima. The research method used is empirical legal research with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The findings of this study indicate that legal liability for environmental damage due to material processing by PT Tukad Mas Kota Bima can be seen in aspects of criminal law, civil law and administrative aspects. However, the Bima City Government through the Environmental Service has only given a written warning to PT Tukad Mas Kota Bima, which has been operating for decades. Whereas empirical facts have shown that there is quite severe damage, such as waste disposal that can have a health impact on the community and natural damage due to excavations carried out. Criminal liability should be a special concern, NGOs and the community even report on environmental crimes, the report is because the result of material processing causes environmental pollution as one of the elements of criminal acts against environmental pollution.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ananda Dwinanti Kinasih , ◽  
M. Hudi Asrori S ,

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims for reviewing how the settlement of compensation as the consequences of the tenure <br />of land rights unlawfully in civil law Surakarta state court verdict number 106/pdt.g/2017/PN.SKT and <br />number 103/pdt.G/2006/PN.SKT where the court’s decision has a permanent legal force. This research is <br />a juridical normative legal research. The location of this research at Notary Office and PPAT Adib Sujarwadi <br />and the State Court Surakarta Class 1A Specific. Kinds and the sources of data in this research are <br />consist of primary data and secondary data. The technique of data collection through interview and library <br />study. The analytical technique used by the author is by the method of syllogism that uses the deduction <br />mindset. Regarding the settlement of compensation due to unlawful tenure of land rights is a compensatory <br />damages, in the form of payment to the victim amounting to a loss that is actually experienced. Based on <br />the decision of the Panel of Judges. Regarding the non-granting of immaterial compensation because <br />the Plaintiff does not attach the appropriate evidence. After the verdict is declared incracht, outside the <br />court, the Defendant and the Plaintiff may hold deliberations to determine the amount of the indemnity or <br />the Plaintiff waived the indemnity obligation, but the Defendant must leave the land of the object of the <br />dispute voluntarily. In the case of still occupy it will be executed by the bailiff from the Court.<br />Keywords: Compensation; Tort; Tenure Of Land Rights.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana penyelesaian ganti rugi akibat penguasaan hak atas <br />tanah secara melawan hukum pada perkara perdata Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surakarta Nomor 106/<br />Pdt.G/2017/PN SKT dan Nomor 103/Pdt.G/2006/PN SKT, dimana putusan pengadilan tersebut telah <br />berkekuatan hukum tetap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yuridis. Lokasi penelitian <br />yaitu di Kantor Notaris dan PPAT Adib Sujarwadi dan Pengadilan Negeri Surakarta Kelas IA Khusus. Jenis <br />dan sumber data penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui <br />wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah dengan metode <br />silogisme yang menggunakan pola pikir deduksi. Penyelesaian ganti rugi akibat penguasaan hak atas <br />tanah secara melawan hukum yaitu dengan ganti rugi kompensasi, berupa pembayaran kepada korban <br />sebesar kerugian yang benar-benar dialami. Berdasarkan keputusan Majelis Hakim. Mengenai tidak <br />dikabulkannya ganti rugi immateriil dikarenakan Penggugat tidak melampirkan bukti-bukti yang sesuai. <br />Setelah putusan dinyatakan incraht, di luar pengadilan, Tergugat dan Penggugat dapat mengadakan <br />musyawarah untuk menentukan jumlah ganti rugi atau Penggugat membebaskan kewajiban pembayaran <br />ganti rugi, namun Tergugat harus meninggalkan tanah obyek sengketa secara sukarela. Dalam hal masih <br />tetap menempati maka akan dilakukan eksekusi oleh juru sita dari Pengadilan.<br />Kata Kunci : Ganti Kerugian; Perbuatan Melawan Hukum; Penguasaan Hak Atas Tanah.</p>


Author(s):  
Владимир Шерстнев ◽  
Vladimir Sherstnev

One of the directions for improving the enforcement mechanism (criminal law norms) is the creation of a simplified pre-trial procedure for resolving simple criminal- legal disputes. The author makes several suggestions for creating such a procedure. This implies increased competition in the legal organization of pre-trial proceedings and the emergence of the possibility of replacing the criminal law measure of liability with administrative law or civil law.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
Yussy A. Mannas

Abstract:The emergence rights and obligations as a result of legal relationship between doctors and patients could potentially trigger a dispute between doctors and patients or medical disputes. In an effort to avoid or reduce medical disputes, it is necessary to understand the construction of the legal relationship between doctor and patient. From this legal relationship which will result legal actions and gave rise to legal consequences. In a legal effect, it can’t be separated is about who is responsible, as far as what responsibility can be given. It describes that relationship and the patient's physician if constructed, it can be divided based on two factors; transaction of therapeutic and act. In relation patient - physician based therapeutic, known as therapeutic relationship or transaction therapeutic, there is a binding between patients and physicians in the treatment of the disease or treatment. Engagements happens is inspanningsverbintennis and not resultaatsverbintennis, and must comply with the provisions of Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The relationship between doctor and patient is based on the Act - legislation occurred under Article 1354 of the Civil Code, which formulates zaakwaarneming. Legal relationship that occurs by two things above give rise to legal liability for doctors, the responsibility in the field of disciplinary law, criminal law, civil law and administrative law.Keywords: Doctor, Patient and Legal Relationship.Abstrak:Munculnya hak dan kewajiban sebagai akibat hubungan hukum antara dokter dan pasien berpotensi memicu terjadinya sengketa antara dokter dengan pasien atau sengketa medik. Dalam upaya menghindari atau mengurangi sengketa medik yang terjadi, maka perlu dipahami mengenai konstruksi hubungan hukum antara dokter dengan pasien. Dari hubungan hukum inilah yang akan melahirkan perbuatan hukum dan menimbulkan adanya akibat hukum. Dalam suatu akibat hukum, hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan adalah mengenai siapa yang bertanggung jawab, sejauh apa tanggung jawab dapat diberikan. Dalam tulisan ini diuraikan bahwa hubungan dokter dan pasien ini jika dikonstruksikan maka dapat dibagi berdasarkan dua hal, yaitu transaksi terapeutik dan undang-undang. Pada hubungan pasien- dokter berdasarkan terapeutik, dikenal hubungan terapeutik atau transaksi terapeutik, yaitu terjadi suatu ikatan antara pasien dan dokter dalam hal pengobatan atau perawatan penyakitnya. Perikatan yang terjadi ialah inspanningsverbintennis dan bukan resultaatsverbintennis, dan harus memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Hubungan dokter dan pasien berdasarkan undang–undang terjadi berdasarkan Pasal 1354 KUHPerdata yang merumuskan tentang zaakwaarneming. Hubungan hukum yang terjadi oleh dua hal diatas menimbulkan tanggung jawab hukum bagi dokter, yaitu tanggung jawab dalam bidang hukum, hukum pidana, hukum perdata dan hukum administrasi.Kata Kunci: Dokter, Pasien dan Hubungan Hukum. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Anna Muszyńska ◽  
Angelika Jura

Issues related to a transfer of receivables for damages caused by a crime — selected issuesThe article is devoted to the issue of the victim’s handing over a claim for compensation for damage caused by a crime to a third party by way of conclusion of a civil law contract. Reference has been made to a status of a buyer of a claim for damages, the possibility of its occurrence as a party to a criminal process, status of an aggrieved party, as well as the characteristic context of the criminal law obligation to repair a damage, with its main concepts: damage and the aggrieved party.


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