scholarly journals „Czyściec” kontra „podniebne cła” w literaturze polemicznej czasów unii w Brześciu XVI/XVII metropolia kijowska — wybrane przykłady

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Alicja Z. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Popular Theology ◽  
The Times

“Purgatory” versus “celestial customs duty” in polemic literature of the times of the Union of Brest Kyivan Metropolitanate: Selected examplesIn the Kyiv Metropolitanate, reflections about the afterlife of the soul became important right before and after the Union of Brest. The familiar polemical theme of purgatory returned and the followers of the union with Rome evoked the legendary visions of celestial customs duty tollgates. The identification of both conceptions was meant to convince and convert the Orthodox to the Catholic doctrine. However, instead it brought about their reaction, prompting them to thoroughly confront both visions, demonstrate the similarities but also fundamental differences, and above all, to systematize their teachings. The polemical process of ordering eschatological beliefs begun in polemic literature and was continued by the authors of sermons, the works of popular theology, and was also reflected in official statements of the Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Чистилище проти митарств у полемічній літературі часів берестейської унії Київська Митрополія — вибрані прикладиДискусії довкола теми чистилища, що не були новиною уже в конфесійній полеміці, посилилися в часи Берестейської унії та сприяли відродженню серед уніатів легендарної візії піднебесних митарств. Утотожнення митарств із чистилищем стало засобом переконати православних у правильності католицької доктрини, водночас викликало активну реакцію у відповідь. Зіткнення обох концепцій виявило не тільки подібності, але і принципові розходження між ними, спирияло систематизації уявлень та переконань представників кожної зі сторін у питаннях есхатології. Полемічна література започаткували процес формування есхатологічних вірувань, який пізніше продовжили проповідники та автори праць з популярного богослов’я, що пізніше було відображено також в офіційних заявах Православної Церкви в Польсько-Литовській державі.

Making Americans Feel Great Again? Personal Significance Predicts Political Intentions of Losers and Winners of the 2016 US Election

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jasko ◽  
Joanna Grzymala-Moszczynska ◽  
Marta Maj ◽  
Marta Szastok ◽  
Arie W. Kruglanski
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Transition ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Times

Reactions of losers and winners of political elections have important consequences for the political system during the times of power transition. In four studies conducted immediately before and after the 2016 US presidential elections we investigated how personal significance induced by success or failure of one’s candidate is related to hostile vs. benevolent intentions toward political adversaries. We found that the less significant supporters of Hillary Clinton and supporters of Donald Trump felt after an imagined (Study 1A) or actual (Study 2) electoral failure the more they were willing to engage in peaceful actions against the elected president and the less they were willing to accept the results of the elections. However, while significance gain due to an imagined or actual electoral success was related to more benevolent intentions among Clinton supporters (Study 1B), it was related to more hostile intentions among Trump supporters (Studies 1B, 2, and 3).

scholarly journals Impact amid absence: The Synod of Dordt and the French Huguenots

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Maag
Keyword(s):  
Religious Context ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Times

This contribution investigates the reasons behind the absence of delegates from the French Reformed (Huguenot) churches at the Synod of Dordt, setting the reasons for their absence in the broader political and religious context of the times. I argue that the connections between the French Reformed church and the Synod of Dordt were significant both before and after the synod met, but that the Huguenots had a rather different project in mind (religious reconciliation among Reformed Protestants and even possibly between Reformed and Lutheran Christians) when they considered the possibility of an international gathering of Reformed theologians. Although the Huguenot delegates were not present at Dordt and therefore could not directly affect the course of the synod’s meeting, their alternate vision for the meeting still persisted even via correspondence during the gathering. At the same time, the synod itself had an impact on the Huguenot church, given that the Canons of Dordt were ratified by the French national synods already by 1620.

Cerebrospinal fluid transients induced by hypercapnia

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (5) ◽  
pp. R701-R705
Author(s):  
M. J. Fisher ◽  
S. R. Heisey ◽  
T. Adams ◽  
D. L. Traxinger
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Tracer Concentration ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Fluid Redistribution ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
The Times ◽  
Stop Flow

Ventriculocisternal perfusion studies using tracers have shown that hypercapnia causes a transient increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow rate (displaced CSF volume, Vd) and a decrease in CSF effluent tracer concentration (tracer-free CSF, CSFtf). This dilution could be due to an increase in CSF formation rate (Vf) and/or to displacement of unequilibrated CSFtf sequestered in poorly mixed compartments. To facilitate convection in the subarachnoid spaces, we used a “stop-flow” procedure (by clamping the cisternal outflow tube while infusion was constant) in anesthetized cats during ventriculocisternal perfusion with mock CSF containing [14C]dextran. Each animal spontaneously breathed air, then 5% CO2 both before and after stopflow. Although Vd and the times over which Vd and CSFtf were defined were unaffected, CSFtf was decreased by 50% after stop-flow. We conclude that during ventriculocisternal perfusion, mixing is incomplete in CSF spaces, and that unequilibrated CSF contributes significantly to the reduced tracer concentration in Vd during acute hypercapnia. To determine whether Vf transiently increases in response to CO2 breathing, or to any perturbation causing craniospinal fluid redistribution, homogeneity in CSF spaces must be verified.

Changes in the Thermal Climate in Northwestern Europe during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3, Estimated from Fossil Insect assemblages

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Russell Coope
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Fossil Insect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
The Times

AbstractMore than 30 fossil coleopteran (beetle) assemblages have been recorded from oxygen isotope stage 3 in northern Europe, comprising several hundred identified species. Using the mutual climatic range method for quantifying palaeotemperatures, these assemblages show that the climates of the times can be divided into two distinct interstadial types. One, a short phase of temperate/oceanic climate occurred between 43,000 and 42,000 14C yr B.P. when conditions were not much different from those of the present day. In spite of the temperate climate, trees did not colonize northwestern Europe at this time. Two, both before and after this temperate interlude there were phases of cold/continental climate during which summers were too cold for trees to grow and winters were of Siberian intensity. It is possible that periods of even colder conditions intervened from time to time between the interstadial but, because of the intensity of the cold, biological systems were so inhibited that no fossil evidence for them can be found in northern Europe. Evidence for them must be sought in the fossil records from the warmer parts of southern Europe or in the physical evidence in the Greenland ice cores.

scholarly journals ‘Smashed by the National Health’? A Closer Look at the Demise of the Pioneer Health Centre, Peckham

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Conford
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
County Council ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Times ◽  
Second World

The Pioneer Health Centre, based in South London before and after the Second World War, remains a source of interest for advocates of a positive approach to health promotion in contrast with the treatment of those already ill. Its closure in 1950 for lack of funds has been blamed on the then recently established National Health Service, but this article argues that such an explanation is over-simplified and ignores a number of other factors. The Centre had struggled financially during the 1930s and tried to gain support from the Medical Research Council. The Council appeared interested in the Centre before the war, but was less sympathetic in the 1940s. Around the time of its closure and afterwards, the Centre was also involved in negotiations with London County Council; these failed because the Centre’s directors would not accept the changes which the Council would have needed to make. Unpublished documents reveal that the Centre’s directors were uncompromising and that their approach to the situation antagonised their colleagues. Changes in medical science also worked against the Centre. The success of sulphonamide drugs appeared to render preventive medicine less significant, while the development of statistical techniques cast doubt on the Centre’s experimental methods. The Centre was at the heart of the nascent organic farming movement, which opposed the rapid growth of chemical cultivation. But what might be termed ‘chemical triumphalism’ was on the march in both medicine and agriculture, and the Centre was out of tune with the mood of the times.

scholarly journals COVID-19, mobility and self-isolation. Experiences of the Serbia’s citizens in the times of global pandemic

Sociologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-485
Author(s):  
Jelena Pesic
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Given

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus and closing the state borders across the world led to the mass return of the citizens of Serbia immediately before and after the declaration of the state of emergency in March 2020. The measure of placing under health supervision and the obligation of self-isolation, were the key means of mobility management in the situation of the health crisis in Serbia. How were the given measures implemented? How did they affect the citizens who returned to the country? What resources did they have at their disposal and in what way did they meet their basic needs during self-isolation? How was their experience of self-isolation shaped by public media perceptions of diaspora by representatives of the authorities and by their own social environment during the state of emergency? The aim of this paper is to answer these questions relying on the results of the online survey of 305 returnees, conducted during April and May 2020 by the researchers from the Institute for Sociological Research of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade.

scholarly journals Orthodox churches in Ukraine before and after the Euromaidan revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Mudrov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ukrainian Society

I discuss the religious life in Ukraine before and after the 2014 «revolution of dignity». The main focus of the article is on the Orthodox сhurches, as the most numerous and influential in Ukraine. I argue that since 2014 the pressure on the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) has intensified substantially, with a purpose of creating from this сhurch an image of the «radical other». The pressure was going along several lines: mass-media discussions, actions of authorities and the attempts to make changes in the relevant legislation. At the same time, the Church of Kiev Patriarchate and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church were receiving more support. However, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) has kept its status of the most numerous denomination, holding its firm presence in most Ukrainian regions. The attempts to marginalize this сhurch have further divided Ukrainian society, blurring the prospects for reconciliation.

scholarly journals Transfer Pengetahuan Melalui Pelatihan E-Commerce Dalam Pemberdayaan UKM Dewi-Dewi Di Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nova Risdiyanto Ismail ◽  
Arie Restu Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Times ◽  
Home Industries ◽  
The Impact

Abstrak. Perkembangan UKM dan Industri rumah tangga di Indonesia sedemikian pesatnya mengingat sebagian besar lingkup bisnis berada pada sektor ini. Namun perkembangan UKM tersebut belum disertai dengan perkembangan infrastruktur, tata kelola, pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang baik, sehingga peningkatan kinerja bisnis UKM tersebut cenderung stagnan. Selain itu, perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat di era industri 4.0 menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran gaya hidup berbelanja dari masyarakat yang berbelanja secara langsung pada outlet dan mall, menjadi masyarakat yang lebih menyukai berbelanja secara online. Jika UKM tidak menangkap peluang ini, maka eksistensinya akan tergerus oleh perkembangan zaman. Oleh karena itu, UKM harus mampu proaktif dan meningkatkan kemampuan daya saingnya dengan menguasai teknologi ICT. Teknologi ini seperti sosial media (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, dll) berperan penting dalam usaha promosi dan pemasaran. Tujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk menunjukkan dampak transfer pengetahuan antara universitas (tutor) dan UKM Dewi-dewi (sebagai peserta pelatihan). Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan membandingkan proporsi dari jawaban peserta sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pemahaman mengenai E-commerce, yaitu sebesar 80% sampai dengan 96% atau dua kali lipat daripada sebelum diadakan pelatihan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pendampingan selanjutnya agar kemanfaatan dari pelatihan E-commerce dapat dirasakan.Kata Kunci: UKM Dewi-dewi, Pelatihan, E-commerceAbstract. The development of SMEs and home industries in Indonesia is so rapid, considering that most of the business scope is in this sector. However, the development of these SMEs has not been accompanied by progress in infrastructure, good governance, knowledge, and skills, so that the improvement in the business performance of these SMEs tends to be stagnant. Besides, changes in people's consumption patterns in the industrial era 4.0 caused a shift in the shopping lifestyle from people who shop directly at outlets and malls, to people who prefer the online shop. If UKM does not seize this opportunity, then its existence will be eroded by the times. Therefore, SMEs must be able to be proactive and improve its competitiveness by mastering ICT technology. This technology, such as social media (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, etc.) plays an essential role in the promotion and marketing efforts. The primary purpose is to show the impact of knowledge transfer between universities (tutors) and UKM Dewi-Dewi (as trainees). The method used is to compare the proportions of participants' answers before and after the training. The results obtained indicate an increase in understanding of E-commerce, which is 80% to 96% or double that before training was held. Therefore, there is a need for further assistance so that the benefits of E-commerce training can be felt.Keywords: Dewi-Dewi UKM, Training, E-Commerce

Loss of wetlands due to the expansion of polder in the Dongting Plain, China, AD 1368–1980

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-656
Author(s):  
Yikai Li ◽  
Yu Ye ◽  
Xiuqi Fang ◽  
Chengpeng Zhang ◽  
Zhilong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wetland Loss ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Times ◽  
Wetland Losses ◽  
Over Time

The Dongting Plain is an area characterized by wetland losses because of long-term polder construction. The study of historical polder expansion provides an opportunity to better understand the loss of wetlands covered by polders. To reconstruct the polder expansion over time, the polder patches extracted though remote sensing were marked with the names obtained from maps and the times of construction obtained from local gazetteers, and shown in the chronological order of turning points. Then, the distribution and changes in the wetlands covered by polders during 1368–1980 were reconstructed. The following are the major findings: (1) the current polders (2010s) accumulated over many centuries. There were 5.7% of the current polder area in 1644, 14.0% in 1735, 23.4% in 1850, 55.0% in 1911, 73.6% in 1949, and 100% in 1980; (2) the wetlands were mostly lost in the northern part of the region and declined rapidly over the past two centuries. The wetland area in 1850 was 6635 km2, which in 1911, 1949 and 1980 were 73.9%, 62.7% and 40.6% of that in 1850, respectively; (3) there were differences in the rate of wetland loss. The fastest time of wetland area disappearance was in 1949–1980, and 45.8 km2 of the wetlands had been lost each year; and (4) there was a spatial difference in wetland losses caused by polder expansion. In the northern part of the area, the wetland loss was mainly in 1851–1980, and the polders constructed in this period covered 89.5% of the polder area. In contrast, in the southern part of the area, the change in the wetland area was relatively small in each period, and the polder constructed before and after 1850 covered 48.3% and 52.7% of the polder area, respectively.

Michael the Syrian and Syriac Orthodox Identity

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Weltecke
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Times ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Syriac Orthodox ◽  
Religious Elements

AbstractThis paper discusses the concept of Syriac Orthodox identity in the chronicle by Michael the Great as it is expressed in terms for the self-designation (like mhaymnē, Suryōyē) and in the structure of the narrative. The heritage of the ancient Near East, based on the ethnical and historical conception of the Arameans (including the Chaldeans and the Ōturōyē as well as the Ōrōmōyē) since the times of the ancient empires was a very important element of the identity. Just as important to him was the historical legitimacy of the Orthodox Church as a group excluding other Aramaic-speaking Christians. This conception of identity was complex, dialectic, and multi-layered, comprising ethnic, historic, cultural, and religious elements. Not unlike modern people, he and the members of the Syriac Orthodox communities participated in different and overlapping cultures and identities throughout the Syriac Orthodox world. The Syriac Orthodox identity had been under polemical attack for a long time, against which both historical and theological answers were formulated over the centuries. At the same time, Michael can be a witness only for a certain group and a certain region. He speaks mainly for the Syriac-speaking regions of the Syriac Orthodox world and the clergy. Neither the Syriac Orthodox identity of Arabic speaking Syriac Orthodox Christians, for example in Takrit, nor the identities of laymen are of his concern.

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