scholarly journals Dwanaście kolumn z Gortyny — historia odkrycia

Prawo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of

The twelve columns of Gortyn — history of the discoveryThe article is devoted to the history of the discovery of the so-called Code of Gortyn, which has attracted the interest of philologists and historians of law. The Code of Gortyn was discovered in the late 19th century by chance, yet the discovery was linked to large-scale archaeological research conducted on the island by the French, Germans and Italians. Its most extensive fragment was found by the Italian scholar Frederico Halbherr, who is consequently regarded as its discoverer, although we should not forget about the contributions of French scholars working independently, about the assistance provided by Ernst Fabricius and about the contributions of local scholars.Die zwölf Säulen aus Gortys — Geschichte der EntdeckungGegenstand des Beitrags ist die Geschichte der Entdeckung des sog. Stadtrechtes von Gortys, das seitdem Gegenstand der Interesse der Philologen und Rechtshistoriker ist. Die Entdeckung der Inschrift am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in Gortys war ein reiner Zufall, obwohl sie doch mit den breit angelegten archäologischen Untersuchungen, die auf Kreta durch die Franzosen, Deutschen und Italiener geführt waren, im Zusammenhang stand. Der größte Teil der Inschrift wurde durch den italienischen Wissenschaftler Frederico Halbherr gefunden, so gilt er als ihr Entdecker. Der Beitrag der französischen Wissenschaftler, die unabhängig handelten, sowie die Hilfe seitens Ernst Fabricius und auch der Beitrag des örtlichen wissenschaftlichen Milieus dürfen jedoch dabei nicht vergessen werden.

The diachrony of quotation: Evidence from New Zealand English

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D'Arcy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Scale Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Scale Change ◽  
Direct Quotation

AbstractMuch recent work on English direct quotation assumes that the system is undergoing rapid and large-scale change via the emergence of “innovative” forms such as be like. This view is supported by synchronic evidence, but the dearth of diachronic evidence forces reconsideration of this assumption. Drawing on data representing the full history of New Zealand English, this paper presents a variationist analysis of the quotative system, providing a continuous link between present-day quotation and that of the late 19th century. It reveals a longitudinal and multifaceted trajectory of change, resulting in a highly constrained variable grammar in which language-internal contextual factors have evolved and specialized, the effects of which reverberate throughout the sector.

scholarly journals Mysteries of Lake Copais: The Drainage – Massive Bronze Age and Hellenistic Hydraulic Engineering Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Therese Ghembaza ◽  
David Windell
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Helladic

Since the draining of Lake Copais in Boeotia in the late 19th century archaeological research has revealed Bronze Age hydraulic engineering works of such a scale as to be unique in Europe. Starting in the Middle Helladic period with dams, dikes and polders, the massive extension of the scheme in the Late Helladic period, with large canals and massive dikes, achieved the complete drainage of the lake; a feat not achieved again, despite Hellenistic attempts, until the 20th century. In this paper we attempt to draw together research in order to tell the history of Lake Copais through the ages.

Битвазапрошлое:храмсвятогоГеоргия вИзраавэпицентре церковно-политическойборьбыконцаXIXв.

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
E.M. Kopot`
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.

scholarly journals Austrian-Italian Encounters: Notes on Some Films Produced Between Rome and Vienna in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Francesco Bono
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
European Cinema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Italian Film ◽  
Stylistic Influences ◽  
Corporate State ◽  
Shed Light

This essay deals with a number of Italian and Austrian films produced around the mid-1930s as a result of the cinematic cooperation that developed between Rome and Vienna at the time. The essay’s goal is to investigate a complex chapter in the history of Italian and Austrian film which has yet received little attention. The Austro-Italian cooperation in the field of film, which developed against the backdrop of the political alliance between Fascist Italy and Austria’s so-called Corporate State, involved some of the biggest names in Italian and Austrian cinema of the time, including Italian directors Carmine Gallone, Augusto Genina and Goffredo Alessandrini, Viennese screenwriter Walter Reisch, and Italian novelist Corrado Alvaro. In particular, the essay will consider the Italian film Casta Diva (1935) and its debt to one of the most famous Austrian productions of the 1930s, Willi Forst’s film Leise flehen meine Lieder (1933). Further films to be discussed include Tagebuch der Geliebten (1935), Una donna tra due mondi (1936), Opernring (1936), and Blumen aus Nizza (1936). Tagebuch der Geliebten was based on the diary of Russian painter Marie Bashkirtseff, who lived in Paris in the late 19th century. Una donna tra due mondi starred Italian diva Isa Miranda, Opernring Polish tenor Jan Kiepura, Blumen aus Nizza German singer Erna Sack.These films should be truly regarded as transnational productions, in which various cultural traditions and stylistic influences coalesced. By investigating them, this essay aims to shed light on a crucial period in the history of European cinema.

scholarly journals "Vexatious and an Abuse of the Process of the Court": The Assets Company v Mere Roihi Cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Bryan Gilling
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Court System ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
History Of

The history of the Assets Co v Mere Roihi decision, a well-known early Privy Council authority on indefeasibility of title under the Torrens system of land registration, illustrates the vulnerability of Maori to irregular land acquisition methods during the late 19th century. It also highlights the inadequacies of the Native Land Court system at the time. The author argues that the policy demands for legal certainty created a hidden and undue cost on the Maori participants: as a result of the case, Maori lost their main opportunity to gain redress for effectively or actually fraudulent dealings in their lands, and for mistakes made by the Land Court.

scholarly journals PEREDARAN OPIUM DI MINANGKABAU ABAD KE-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

This article discusses the history of Minangkabau in the 19th century AD. One of the themes of 19th century Minangkabau history is the Islamic reform movement promoted by religious groups commonly called the Padri movement. One of the central issues of the Padri movement was eradicating the habit of drinking alcoholism that occurred in Minangkabau society. The habit of smoking the drug that comes from boiling opium certainly indicates the existence of the drug on a large scale. Therefore, this article will present a picture of the opium trade in Minangkabau in the 19th century from upstream (providers) to downstream (dealers). It is hoped that this article will be useful as an explanation for the habit of smoking made in the Minangkabau community at that time.

The Archive as a “Collective Project”

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Nilay Özok-Gündoğan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
State Government ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Governmental Body ◽  
National Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site

The history of the archive is the history of the state. Or so say conventional approaches to the archives. Until recently, the archive has been seen solely as a site, or rather a repository, of modern state power and governmentality, and a crucial medium for the making and preservation of national memory in the late 19th century. There is a truth to this state-centric perspective: the archive was conceived as a place where governments keep their records; they usually contain a term such as “state,” “government,” or “national” in their names; and they are often funded by and connected to a governmental body.

Sugar Plantations in the French West Indies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
West Indies ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Official Recognition

The French West Indian colonial possessions of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Saint Domingue were among the most valuable overseas European colonies due to the production of the tropical commodities of coffee, cocoa, and in particular, sugar. The crops were raised on plantations through the labor of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans and their descendants between the mid 17th century and the mid 19th century. In spite of the importance of this heritage to the history of the French colonial enterprise, and more importantly, the history of the descendant populations, commemoration of this chapter of history has only recently begun. This commemoration includes public monuments, official recognition, and archaeological research. Historical archaeology contributes a perspective that sheds light on otherwise undocumented or poorly-documented aspects of the slavery era, such as the organization of villages, the housing within them, and the ways in which enslaved people saw to their needs for food.

Populism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Pecora
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Village Community

The most salient first use of the term populism and its cognates can be found in late 19th-century Tsarist Russia. The Russian peasant Narodniki [populists] of the 1860s and 1870s (People-ism would be an apt translation of their program of Narodnichestvo [ Народничество ]) supply a good beginning point. As Eric Hobsbawm has noted, the Narodnik program, which Marx’s very late work inclined toward, "believed that the Russian village community could provide the basis of a transition to socialism without prior disintegration through capitalist development" (1964: 49–50). Marxists of the time opposed this conflation of historical phases, but this mostly peasant and Slavophilic early populism in Russia is a telling precursor of later European and American groups who turned to notions of land, regional autonomy, and ethnic/racial bonds in the service of resistance to the deracinating effects of large-scale capitalism. Later, populism was often a reaction against the liberal nation-state’s need to manage capitalism by means of an increasingly powerful and centralized administrative apparatus. This reaction, however, took several distinct paths.

Holocene and latest Pleistocene fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier, Canadian Rockies

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Osborn ◽  
B J Robinson ◽  
B H Luckman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacier Advance

The Holocene and late glacial history of fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier are reconstructed using moraine stratigraphy, tephrochronology, and dendroglaciology. Stratigraphic sections in the lateral moraines contain tills from at least three glacier advances separated by volcanic tephras and paleosols. The oldest, pre-Mazama till is correlated with the Crowfoot Advance (dated elsewhere to be Younger Dryas equivalent). A Neoglacial till is found between the Mazama tephra and a paleosol developed on the Bridge River tephra. A log dating 2400 BP from the upper part of this till indicates that this glacier advance, correlated with the Peyto Advance, culminated shortly before deposition of the Bridge River tephra. Radiocarbon and tree-ring dates from overridden trees exposed in moraine sections indicate that the initial Cavell (Little Ice Age (LIA)) Advance overrode this paleosol and trees after A.D. 1271. Three subsequent phases of the Cavell Advance were dated by dendrochronology. The maximum glacier extent occurred in the mid-18th century, predating 1743 on the southern lateral, although ice still occupied and tilted a tree on the north lateral in 1758. Subsequent glacier advances occurred ca. 1800–1816 and in the late 19th century. The relative extent of the LIA advances at Stutfield differs from that of other major eastward flowing outlets of the Columbia Icefield, which have maxima in the mid–late 19th century. This is the first study from the Canadian Rockies to demonstrate that the large, morphologically simple, lateral moraines defining the LIA glacier limits are actually composite features, built up progressively (but discontinuously) over the Holocene and contain evidence of multiple Holocene- and Crowfoot-age glacier advances.

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