scholarly journals Grammatical gender and stereotypical gender associations with inanimate nouns in the ‘Germanic sandwich’

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Czerwonka-Wajda ◽  
Dorota Klimek-Jankowska ◽  
Edyta Błachut ◽  
Joanna Błaszczak ◽  
Anna Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Street Lamp ◽  
The Impact

This pilot study is a contribution to the theoretical debate on the impact language has on general cognition. More specifically, we applied a Word Sketch collocator (an innovative NLP tool operating on large-scale corpora) to collect human adjective collocations of masculine, feminine, and neuter inanimate nouns in German, Dutch, and English to see whether there is a correlation between the grammatical genders of inanimate nouns and the adjective collocations most frequently used to describe those nouns. Later, in a series of online questionnaires, we examined the impact of grammatical gender and stereotypical gender associations on the perception of inanimate nouns (e.g., street, lamp, bottle) by testing the gender associations of their human adjective collocations obtained from the Word Sketch collocator in German (a grammatical gender language), Dutch (a language with a combination of grammatical gender and natural gender), and English (a natural gender language). In German, the results show that grammatical gender alone is not a decisive factor in causing masculine or feminine gender associations of inanimate nouns. Rather, it is the combination of grammatical gender and stereotypical gender associations of nouns that plays a role. In English, nouns associated with neutral, masculine and even feminine gender had significantly more neutral adjectival associations. In Dutch, nouns with common and neuter gender resulted in a higher proportion of masculine adjectival associations because these nouns are mostly referred to with common and masculine pronouns. We observed a special role played by stereotypical feminine associations of nouns in German, Dutch, and English.

Recruiting breast cancer patients for mHealth research: Obstacles to clinic-based recruitment for a mobile phone app intervention study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
Alisha Gupta ◽  
Gabrielle Ocker ◽  
Philip I Chow
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Impact

Background Nearly half of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients will report clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety within the first year of diagnosis. Research on the trajectory of distress in cancer patients suggests that targeting patients early in the diagnostic pathway could be particularly impactful. Given the recent rise of smartphone adoption, apps are a convenient and accessible platform from which to deliver mental health support; however, little research has examined their potential impact among newly diagnosed cancer patients. One reason is likely due to the obstacles associated with in-clinic recruitment of newly diagnosed cancer patients for mHealth pilot studies. Methods This article draws from our experiences of a recently completed pilot study to test a suite of mental health apps in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Recruitment strategies included in-clinic pamphlets, flyers, and direct communication with clinicians. Surgical oncologists and research staff members approached eligible patients after a medical appointment. Research team members met with patients to provide informed consent and review the study schedule. Results Four domains of in-clinic recruitment challenges emerged: (a) coordination with clinic staff, (b) perceived burden among breast cancer patients, (c) limitations regarding the adoption and use of technology, and (d) availability of resources. Potential solutions are provided for each challenge. Conclusion Recruitment of newly diagnosed cancer patients is a major challenge to conducting mobile intervention studies for researchers on a pilot-study budget. To realize the impact of mobile interventions for the most vulnerable cancer patient populations, health researchers must address barriers to in-clinic recruitment to provide vital preliminary data in proposals of large-scale research projects.

scholarly journals A pilot study of a neuroscience-based, harm minimisation programme in schools and youth centres in Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Debenham ◽  
Louise Birrell ◽  
Katrina Champion ◽  
Mina Askovic ◽  
Nicola Newton
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harm Minimisation ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Evaluation Trial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Youth Centre

ObjectivesThe primary aim is to evaluate the feasibility of a newly developed, neuroscience-based, alcohol and other drug (AOD) use prevention programme, ‘The Illicit Project’, in Australian older adolescents. The secondary aim is to investigate the impact of the programme on students’ drug literacy levels (a combination of knowledge, attitudes and skills).DesignA pilot study examining the feasibility of The Illicit Project in Australian schools was conducted.ParticipantsStudents aged 15–19 years from two secondary schools and a youth centre and 11 teachers and health professionals from various organisations in Sydney were recruited.InterventionThe intervention consisted of three 90 min workshops delivered by trained facilitators within a month.Primary and secondary measuresStudents completed a drug literacy questionnaire before and after intervention. All participants (students, teachers and health professionals) completed an evaluation questionnaire postprogramme delivery. A paired-sample t-test and descriptive analytics were performed.ResultsStudents (n=169) demonstrated a significant increase in drug literacy levels from preintervention to postintervention (t(169) = −13.22, p<0.0001). Of students evaluating the programme (n=252), over threequarters agreed that The Illicit Project was good or very good (76%), that the neuroscience content was interesting (76%) and relevant (81%), and that they plan to apply the concepts learnt to their own lives (80%). In addition, all teachers and health professionals (n=11) agreed that the programme was feasible and valid for schools and perceived the programme to be effective in reducing the harms and use of AOD.ConclusionsThere is evidence to suggest that The Illicit Project is credible and feasible in the school environment and there are preliminary data to suggest it may help to improve drug literacy levels in young people. A large-scale evaluation trial of the intervention will be conducted to determine the programme’s effectiveness in minimising the harms of AOD in older adolescents.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy: a pilot study protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Delmas ◽  
Assunta Fiorentino ◽  
Matteo Antonini ◽  
Séverine Vuilleumier ◽  
Guy Stotzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Abstract Background The clinical decisions of emergency department triage nurses need to be of the highest accuracy. However, studies have found repeatedly that these nurses over- or underestimate the severity of patient health conditions. This has major consequences for patient safety and patient flow management. Workplace distractors such as noise and task interruptions have been pointed to as factors that might explain this inaccuracy. The use of a serious game reproducing the work environment during triage affords the opportunity to explore the impact of these distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy, in a safe setting. Methods/design A pilot study with a factorial design will be carried out to test the acceptability and feasibility of a serious game developed specifically to simulate the triage process in emergency departments and to explore the primary effects of distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy. Eighty emergency nurses will be randomized into four groups: three groups exposed to different distractors (A, noise; B, task interruptions; C, noise and task interruptions) and one control group. All nurses will have to complete 20 clinical vignettes within 2 h. For each vignette, a gold standard assessment will be determined by experts. Pre-tests will be conducted with clinicians and certified emergency nurses to evaluate the appeal of the serious game. Discussion Study results will inform the design of large-scale investigations and will help identify teaching, training, and research areas that require further development.

scholarly journals Implementing Neuromarketing in the Enterprise: Factors That Impact the Adoption of Neuromarketing in Major Spanish Corporations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Crespo-Pereira ◽  
Beatriz Legerén-Lago ◽  
Jaime Arregui-McGullion
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
External Factors ◽  
General Level ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Technological advances in the field of neuroscience have generally been well-received in the entertainment and advertising industries, where there are great commercial benefits linked to knowing the most intimate aspects of how audiences and consumers respond to different messages. Despite this interest in the results of neuroscience research, large enterprises seem to resist implementing them in their marketing activities, thus limiting the development of the discipline. This research reflects on the main factors that impact the adoption of neuromarketing within large-scale enterprises, both from a bibliographical and an empirical perspective. This review included ethical, economic, professional, technological, and cultural aspects. A review of secondary sources was undertaken to understand the current state of neuromarketing and its place within large-scale enterprises. This review suggested that a series of internal and external factors may be limiting its adoption, including organizational culture, lack of knowledge and training, uncertainty about its results and/or concerns about the cost of this methodology. To validate the results of the bibliographical research, a structured, self-administered online questionnaire was designed to be distributed amongst a senior decision makers within large companies in Spain. The aims of this survey were to diagnose the level to which major corporations in Spain are aware of and employ neuromarketing; and to identify the internal and external factors that may be limiting or driving its rate of adoption. Before running a full-scale study, a pilot test was undertaken to, among others, validate the sampling methods and survey distribution strategy and to measure the impact of some major challenges that had been identified during survey design. The pilot study did succeed in reaching highly qualified respondents, but its low response rate highlighted a major issue in the research design: the sampling method cannot scale efficiently. A full review of the sampling strategy and survey distribution method is needed before a full-scale study can be launched. The data gathered in the pilot study can't be considered representative or statistically valid; they are, at best, preliminary findings that will need to be validated by further research. The responses do suggest that neuromarketing techniques are not used in the majority of large Spanish companies and that the general level of knowledge on the subject is not very high. The results also suggest that neuromarketing has a good reputation amongst industry practitioners and that, if current trends are confirmed, its adoption will increase significantly in the future. The main factors that would drive the adoption of neuromarketing are the culture of innovation of the companies themselves and the direct alignment of neuromarketing techniques to the market research needs on the company. Further research in this area should take into account the learnings provided by this pilot.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy: a pilot study protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
philippe delmas ◽  
Assunta fiorentino ◽  
matteo antonini ◽  
severine Vuilleumier ◽  
guy Stotzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Abstract Background: The clinical decisions of emergency department triage nurses need to be of the highest accuracy. However, studies have found repeatedly that these nurses over- or underestimate the severity of patient health conditions. This has major consequences for patient safety and patient flow management. Workplace distractors such as noise and task interruptions have been pointed to as factors that might explain this inaccuracy. The use of a serious game reproducing the work environment during triage affords the opportunity to explore the impact of these distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy, in a safe setting. Methods/Design: A pilot study with a factorial design will be carried out to test the acceptability and feasibility of a serious game developed specifically to simulate the triage process in emergency departments and to explore the primary effects of distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy. Eighty emergency nurses will be randomized into four groups: three groups exposed to different distractors (A: noise, B: task interruptions, C: noise and task interruptions) and one control group. All nurses will have to complete 20 clinical vignettes within two hours. For each vignette, a gold standard assessment will be determined by experts. Pre-tests will be conducted with clinicians and certified emergency nurses to evaluate the appeal of the serious game. Discussion: Study results will inform the design of large-scale investigations and will help identify teaching, training and research areas that require further development.

The Impact of Adding A Self-Compassion Module To The Treatment of Opioid-Dependent Young Adults: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathyleen M. Tomlin ◽  
Cass Dykeman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Change Talk ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Impact

Young adult opioid addiction is on the rise in many parts of the country. Young adults’ use of opioids, in the form of illicit prescription drugs or heroin, is especially challenging for treatment engagement and retention due to high rates of relapse and debilitating shame and guilt. Normal developmental milestones of life are halted. Mental health research has found self-compassion training to be helpful; however, it is underrepresented in addiction research. Enhancing substance abuse best treatment practices such as motivational interviewing (MI) may result in fewer incidences of relapse, as well as a decrease in shame, depression, and anxiety when paired with a focus on self-compassion. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility and potential utility of large scale study examining whether adding a self-compassion module to treatment-as-usual (TAU) increases the frequency of client change talk compared with TAU alone. A secondary focus included a review of client satisfaction scores between the two study groups to determine how they would evaluate the treatment they received and their experiences participating in the study. There were 17 opioid-dependent young adults (ages 18–25) randomly assigned to one of two conditions in an outpatient substance abuse treatment clinic. Measurements of the frequency of change talk were collected at five distinct points during the intervention. At the completion of the final session, the participants evaluated their satisfaction scores using the CSQ-8 and responded to a series of open-ended questions. Results of an ANCOVA and independent t-tests were utilized to determine any differences between the two groups in the frequency of change talk and client satisfaction. An analysis of common themes shared by participants showed a preference for individual counseling and a structured place to go, as well as a desire for the intervention to be longer than three sessions. The study indicated that a focus on self-compassion combined with treatment-as-usual did not differ in outcome when compared with treatment-as-usual alone. Additionally, both treatment conditions were equal in terms of client satisfaction. However, it should be noted that pilot trials are highly susceptible to Type II error. Issues encountered in this pilot study that have implications for large scale efficacy studies on this topic and/or with young adult opioid users were discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy: a pilot study protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
philippe delmas ◽  
Assunta fiorentino ◽  
matteo antonini ◽  
severine Vuilleumier ◽  
guy Stotzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Abstract Background: The clinical decisions of emergency department triage nurses need to be of the highest accuracy. However, studies have found repeatedly that these nurses over- or underestimate the severity of patient health conditions. This has major consequences for patient safety and patient flow management. Workplace distractors such as noise and task interruptions have been pointed to as factors that might explain this inaccuracy. The use of a serious game reproducing the work environment during triage affords the opportunity to explore the impact of these distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy, in a safe setting. Methods/Design: A pilot study with a factorial design will be carried out to test the acceptability and feasibility of a serious game developed specifically to simulate the triage process in emergency departments and to explore the primary effects of distractors on nurse emergency triage accuracy. Eighty emergency nurses will be randomized into four groups: three groups exposed to different distractors (A: noise, B: task interruptions, C: noise and task interruptions) and one control group. All nurses will have to complete 20 clinical vignettes within two hours. For each vignette, a gold standard assessment will be determined by experts. Pre-tests will be conducted with clinicians and certified emergency nurses to evaluate the appeal of the serious game. Discussion: Study results will inform the design of large-scale investigations and will help identify teaching, training and research areas that require further development.

A Tribute to the Pioneering Work of Thomas E. Jensen in the Field of Cyanobacterial Phytoremediation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Richard F.E. Crang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Model System ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the scientific works of Prof. Thomas E. Jensen has often been overlooked. This review paper brings together the focus of his works in a developmental narrative revealing the stages and their practical applications over the course of time. The stages of his research involved the ultrastructural revelations of cyanobacterial organization, the quantification of key components, recognition that sequestering of selected heavy metals and other cations could occur under stress conditions, using that knowledge to formulate applications in waste-water remediation, and developing a model system for both the retention of specific ions and their controlled release. It was found that the release could be predictably controlled by both pH adjustments as well as by regulating the oxygenation of the environmental conditions. Laboratory pilot studies have indicated that the prospects for large-scale applications in municipal and industrial wastewater conditions are possible. This type of phytoremediation has far greater possibilities in commercial circumstances than efforts with higher plants, in as much as the cells can be recycled for continuous ion processing. This review is a partial summary of some of the relevant academic works of Prof. Jensen over a span of nearly 50 years. His research has primarily been directed towards a better understanding of the organization and activities of cyanobacteria, and the special role that they are capable of playing in phytoremediation.

scholarly journals The ‘сool war’ in the Baltic Sea Region: consequences and future scenarios

Baltic Region ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin K. Khudoley
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The relevance of this topic is determined by the Baltic region playing a special role in the current confrontation between Russia and the West, which is most accurately defined by the term ‘cool war’. Russia borders on the EU and NATO in that region. In this study, I aim to demonstrate the impact of the ‘cool war’ on international relations in the region and explain why the preservation of the status quo is the most likely scenario. I conclude that, in recent years, a certain regrouping has occurred in the region: there has been a stepping-up on the activities of the US and NATO, whereas the influence of EU institutions has decreased. A deep rift has developed between Russia and all other states in the region. There are five possible mid-term scenarios, ranging from outright confrontation to effective cooperation: an armed conflict, a dramatic aggravation of the current tensions without an armed conflict, the continuation of the ‘cool war’, the normalisation of relations, and a transition to large-scale cooperation. I argue that the ‘cool war’ scenario is the most likely, and the other four belong to the realm of the politically possible. Although the improvement of relations with the other states in the region is not very probable, Russia will benefit from taking every possible step towards it.

scholarly journals Model disability survey: a pilot study in the North Batinah governorate

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
The North ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The continuous shift to non-communicable diseases in Oman require a more consistent inclusion of functioning and disability information in health monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Oman currently relies on the census to generate data on disability which is usually very limited in scope, and provides only rough prevalence estimates of persons with specific impairments. The lack of accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date information on disability is a major obstacle for planning services and allocating resources. Thus, there was a need to conduct a comprehensive population-based survey to fill this information gap. The pilot aimed to examine the feasibility of the Arabic version of the Model Disability Survey (MDS) in the cultural context of Oman, identify potential problems with the survey, and develop strategies to deal with them before a large national implementation is launched.Methods: The MDS is the tool recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO) to collect comprehensive data about functioning and disability to quantify both the impact of health conditions or impairments as well as the impact of the environment on disability. To determine the applicability of measuring disability, a pilot study was carried out in the North Batinah governorate of Oman with a convenience sample of 288 adults aged 18 year or older in collaboration with WHO. Results: The overall disability prevalence was estimated to be 14.6% (n=42) in the MDS pilot study calculated by determining the proportion of people in the population who experience severe performance problems. The overall results corroborated that the Arabic translation of the MDS survey tool works well in the field and is suitable for a large scale implementation, after minor revisions. Conclusion: Since the results of this pilot study in Oman show that the disability measurement survey tool has been successfully tested, we recommend that the MDS be extended and implemented nationally. It should also be integrated to existing routine household surveys to allow continuous monitoring of disability in countries.

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