scholarly journals Paratekst w literaturze fantasy (na podstawie glosariusza)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Marzanna Uździcka
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Fantasy Literature ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Linear Continuity ◽  
Second World

The content of this article falls within the textual and generic trend of research on paratext. The author describes the meaning of paratexts in fantasy literature via the example of glossaries, which fulfill a special role in the process of creating and perceiving this type of literary text. The argumentation process is subordinated to two perspectives. The first involves the sub-creation of a secondary reality — the Second World in fantasy, which from the beginning to the end grows out of the imagination of the writer and which is complete and internally consistent. In the course of reading, the reader “enters” into a completely different world from that experienced every day. What is needed, therefore, is a kind of guide that allows him to “move around” without disturbing the created universe. Paratext fulfills this function. Hence the second perspective is Gérard Genette’s thesis, according to which the paratext is identified with the text surrounding the proper text, coming from the author and remaining within the same volume (peritext), and one of its basic roles is to help in the interpretation and proper decryption of the creator’s (author’s) intentions. On the basis of the glossaries studied in fantasy texts, it can be concluded that structurally they constitute the determinants of a textual frame, and although there is no linear continuity between the main text and the glossary, considering the content that is contained in it, they serve to strengthen the coherence of the main text. In general, the presence of glossaries facilitates reading the text, allows “unmasking” the intentions of the author and categorizing elements of the plot of a specific work, a given part of the cycle or saga against the background of the whole universe.

The Features of B. Shergin’s Cognitive Style (On the Example of the Conceptualization of the Image of the Sea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
T. A. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
World View ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
The People ◽  
Artistic Image

The main aim of this research was to identify the features of B. V. Shergin’s cognitive style through comprehension of the artistic image of the sea in the works of this writer. An analysis of this image was conducted from the standpoint of cognitive poetic. Cognitive poetic is considered as the main method of linguopoetic interpretation of a literary text, whose basic principles include analysis of conceptual structures reflected in the text. In the process of research, the concept of “cognitive style” in correlation with the literary text was clarified, The components of cognitive style, objectified by the image of the sea were specified. Since the literary text was interpreted from the position of cognitive poetics, the main attention was paid not only to linguistic, but also to mental structures. Furthermore, the article explores the wellknown structures of knowledge: presuppositions, concepts, motives, ideas, etc., along with semantic dominants and semantic constructs as strong meaning formations, which are determined by the author’s needs, values, world view and world perception. Therefore, the process of text interpretation takes into account the specificity of linguistic and artistic consciousness of the author, including features of the socio-cultural consciousness of Pomors (members of a subculture). The study showed that each component of B. V. Shergin’s cognitive style has its specific characteristics. The manner of presenting information in the text is characterized by a special emotional tension: understandable and close to the people daily life gets an ontological understanding. Among the cognitive mechanisms, the secondary conceptualization of the concepts of Russian Northern culture plays a special role: many of them acquire a sign of spirituality. It is shown that the specifics of the author’s cognitive style is determined by the features of his consciousness; therefore, the knowledge as sententias, semantic dominants, semantic constructs, stereotypes, values and oppositions holds the central position.

The Taste of War: the Danish Collaborationism under the German Occupation in 1940—1945

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Nikita Belukhin
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
War Economy ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Second World ◽  
Consumption Control

The article deals with the phenomenon of the Danish economic collaboration during the German occupation of Denmark in 1940—1945. The occupation of Denmark is a unique case among other occupied European countries such as France, Belgium and the Netherlands during the Second World War where Germany openly pursued the policy of economic exploitation and introduced strict rationing practices. The peculiar “soft” conduct of the Danish occupation is mainly attributed to the special role Denmark’s agricultural exports played in the German war economy. Under the occupation the efficient system of production and food consumption control was devised in Denmark which met the interests and needs of both the Danish population and Germany’s economy. The article highlights the specific mechanisms of economic coordination between Denmark and the German occupation authorities within industry and agriculture, and reveals Denmark’s role in the German military and economic plans.

scholarly journals COMPOSITIONAL AND SEMANTIC UNITS OF ENGLISH LITERARY TEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Irina Arkhipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Main Text ◽  
The Past ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
And Behavior

One of the most important problems of text linguistics is the structure`s study of literary text, the principles of its organization in accordance with the rules of composition, which involve the division of the text into interconnected parts. In this regard, it is necessary to study the compositionally significant elements of the text and their role in the formation of the whole paper. In the text there are segments that differ in form (description, dialogue, monologue, internal monologue, etc.). These segments differ from each other not only syntactically, but also in functional orientation and different significance in the text. The use of heterogeneous elements is the principle of composition and the basic structural law of the literary text. The article is devoted to different types of the text entries that focus the reader's attention on the necessary information and contribute to the expressiveness, emotionality and aesthetic effect. Such elements of the text include off-topic units of the compositional structure of the text: episodes, remarks, notes, insert constructions and author's digressions. From the standpoint of semiotic theory, off-topic units of the text are considered as metatextual elements that cohere the text, switch the addressee's attention to the most important plot moments, help to navigate in the text space. The note is a clarifying text placed outside the text that performs the function of explaining the information of the main text. The remark is a textual introduction that serves to specify the information about the circumstances of the action, appearance and behavior of the characters of the main text. The insert is a compositionally and conceptually significant element of the literary text, which slows down the development of the plot, interrupts it for a while to enter the necessary information about the past of the characters, significant events in their lives and more.

scholarly journals The main text-forming strategies in Robbe-Grillet's novel “Dans le labyrinthe”: Narrative and semiotic implications

Lege Artis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-362
Author(s):  
Ruslana Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Narrative Strategy ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Semiotic Approach

Abstract This paper presents a narrative-semiotic approach to the study of the processes and mechanisms of the 20th century French literary works. The complex methodology of the research is underpinned with the inter-paradigmatic methodological principle, according to which the narrative strategy of literary text production instantiates the author's individual narrative program of constructing narrative reality of a certain type, which is characterized by space-time continuity and stylistic figurativeness.

The Specifics of Psychotherapy of Nuns

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s780-s781
Author(s):  
A. Pastuszak-Draxler ◽  
M. Jawor ◽  
B. Bętkowska-Korpała ◽  
J.K. Gierowski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionNuns undertaking psychotherapeutic treatment are a particular group of patients. As human beings, they experience similar emotions, everyday worries, crises and difficulties as everyone else during social interaction, but at the same time they fill a special role in society. Presented behaviours, reactions to stressful situations, unaccepted emotional states that appear to be maladaptive, are often intensified by the rules of monastery life.ObjectivesThe aim of this investigation was to uncover the most significant issues in terms of the specificity of therapeutic work with nuns.MethodsThe subjects were 12 patients (nuns) with the diagnosis of depressive-anxiety disorder (F41.2 according to ICD-10 criteria). Over the course of the last 10 years (since 2005) we observed the therapy processes of 12 nuns. The psychotherapy group consists of 12 patients at our ward. Every time there was only one nun in the group.ResultsThis study gives an overview of issues and problems reported by the nuns: their sex significantly determines their position in the community of consecrated sociality, their obligations to perform specific work, the rules to follow as well as the resulting consequences for the functioning of mental health.ConclusionsIn the process of psychotherapy is important and necessary to distinguish between theological and psychological aspects, between what is secular and what is spiritual. The psychotherapy group's as well as the therapist's perception of a nun is of special importance as it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between her social role and her needs, desires, difficulties and conflicts as a human being.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF UNREALITY IN THE WORKS OF V. PELEVIN: THE PERCEPTUAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Анна Юрьевна Колесникова
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Mature Period ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Perceptual Aspect

Введение. Представлено исследование семантики восприятия, возникающей в процессе описания ирреальности как объекта чувственного опыта в творчестве В. Пелевина. Языковые единицы с перцептивной семантикой, обладая функционально-эстетической нагрузкой, играют важную роль в реализации формальных и смысловых аспектов организации художественного текста. Цель – изучить особенности языковой репрезентации феномена ирреальности в творчестве В. Пелевина на основе структурно-семантических моделей высказывания и лингвистических средств выражения семантики восприятия. Материал и методы. Исследование осуществляется при помощи метода лингвистического моделирования, нацеленного на изучение базовых компонентов структуры высказывания, и лингвостилистического анализа. В качестве материала выбран постмодернистский текст, который отражает активные процессы, происходящие в языковой системе, в частности романы В. Пелевина «Чапаев и Пустота» и «Generation „П“» (1990-е гг.). Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что семантика восприятия реализуется на различных уровнях организации художественного текста. На структурно-семантическом уровне высказывания, помимо базовой модели перцептивной ситуации, выявлены модели, позволяющие актуализировать ирреальные объекты, которые становятся доступными чувственному восприятию персонажей. Для замещения позиции объекта чаще используются абстрактные и конкретные имена существительные и местоимения. Имена прилагательные и причастия, выступающие в качестве квалификатора, описывают разнообразные характеристики воспринимаемого. На уровне формальной организации текста репрезентация семантики ирреального обусловила усложнение синтаксического строя произведения (использование различных типов сравнительных конструкций, сопоставительных и противительных бессоюзных предложений, сложноподчиненных предложений с придаточными места и времени и др.). На стилистическом уровне семантику ирреальности реализуют средства художественной выразительности (метафора, метонимия, сравнение, персонификация и др.), в состав которых входят языковые единицы с перцептивным значением. Заключение. Репрезентация семантики ирреальности в творчестве В. Пелевина тесно связана с изображением перцептивных процессов. Особая роль отводится объектам восприятия, которые, обладая необычными качественными характеристиками, становятся предметом языковой актуализации на разных уровнях художественного текста. Introduction. The article presents the study of the semantics of perception, which is observed in the process of describing unreality as an object of sensory experience in the works of V. Pelevin. Language units with perceptual semantics having a functional and aesthetic meaning play an important role in the implementation of formal and semantic aspects of the organization of a literary text. The purpose of the article is to study the linguistic features of the representation of the semantics of unreality in the work of V. Pelevin on the basis of the identified structural and semantic models of the statement and linguistic means of expressing the semantics of perception. Material and methods. The research is carried out using the method of linguistic modeling aimed at identifying the main components of the utterance structure and linguistic and stylistic analysis. The material chosen is a postmodern text that reflects the active processes taking place in the language sys-tem in particular V. Pelevin’s novels «Chapaev and the Void» and «Generation “P”» which relate to the mature period of the writer’s work (the 1990s). Results and discussion. In the course of the research, it was revealed that the semantics of perception is implemented at various levels of the organization of a literary text. In addition to the basic model of the situation of perception at the structural-semantic level of the utterance, there are models that make it possible to actualize unreal objects. In such circumstances, these objects become accessible to the sensory perception of characters. Abstract and concrete nouns and pronouns are more often used to replace the position of an object. Adjectives and participles that act as qualifiers describe various char-acteristics of the perceived. At the level of the formal text organization, the representation of the se-mantics of the unreal caused the complexity of the syntactic structure of the work (the use of various types of comparative sentences, complex sentences, adverbial clauses of place and adverbial clauses of time, etc.). At the stylistic level of the text, the semantics of unreality are implemented by stylistic devices and expressive means which include language units with perception meaning. Conclusion. The study allows us to conclude that the representation of unreality semantics in the work of V. Pelevin is closely related to the image of perceptual processes. A special role is assigned to perception objects with unusual qualitative characteristics which become the subject of language actualization at different levels of the literary text.

scholarly journals Title as a constructive element in the sonnet text

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Anatolii Moisiienko
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Thematic Layers ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Integral Structure

Background. The title of the literary text arises in front of a researcher in two capacities. First – as one of the elements of metatext level, immediately aimed at the close interrelation with the main text, and second – as a separate text structure with its own grammar and semantic structure. The analysis of the title in the interrelation with the main text, taking into consideration genre specifics of the latest, is of immediate interest. Purpose. The target of this study is to describe the title text in the Ukrainian sonnet poem, in particular in the correlation with the integral text structure, which is caused by the absence of any specific research of this problem.Methods. Research approach of the title text as a separate unit and as a constructive element of the wider text structure relies on the basics of classification description, contextual and hermeneutic analysis in the system of literary text.Results. The title of the sonnet poem, generally not falling out of the paradigm of the paratextual formations, on the functional level is characterized by certain particularities compared to other lyric and epic genres – where it can serve, for instance, as a genre self-name of the poem. On the structure level the sonnet marker can start or finish the composite word, serve as an attribute noun in the attributive word combination, play a role of the key word with the dependent substantive etc. The title (together with subtitle or without it) is able to attribute thematic and semantic lines in the poem, some structure and genre changes.Conclusion. The title of the sonnet text, being a paratext element, accomplishes an important prospect and retrospect function for comprehension of the integral structure of the literary text; can serve as genre self-name of the poem, involving at the same time different thematic layers of narration; can also point at some structure and genre modifications of the classic sonnet, and some shifts to other traditional genres.

scholarly journals The specific legal-international regime of peace treaties

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Stefan Marek Grochalski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Special Role ◽  
International Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Will ◽  
Second World ◽  
Made In ◽  
Peace Treaties

The presented material is an attempt at analyzing the specific legal position of peace treaties. The author argues with the opinion which is put forward (not too often, though), maintaining that such treaties – due to their not expressing the will of states in a classical way – cannot be considered to be agreements as such. He presents the basic similarities and – first of all – differences, especially concerning the so-called final provisions, with reference to both typical international agreements and peace treaties, respectively. In the study, he formulates the thesis of a special role, significance and evolution of peace treaties, despite frequent disrespect for the resolutions they contain. Instances of peace treaties which were concluded in the past are recalled and analyzed, and juxtaposed with ones made in the 20th century, particularly those following the First and the Second World Wars.  

COMMUNIST PARTIES OF WESTERN EUROPE: PHASES OF HISTORICAL RISE AND DECLINE THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE DYNAMICS OF ELECTORAL PREFERENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
V.E. BAGDASARYAN ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Special Role ◽  
World War ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article presents the results of a study of the history of the communist parties of Western European states in the context of assessing the degree of their social influence. The aim of the work was to identify the phases of the rise and fall of the communist parties in Western Europe. The research methodology consisted in correlating the history of the communist parties with the results of elections to national parliaments. The factors that led to the growth or loss of the popularity of the communist movement among Western Europeans were identified. Special attention was paid to ideological splits within the Communist Parties and their attitude to the CPSU line. The conclusion is made about the achievement of the apogee of the popularity of the Communist parties in the first post-war years on the wave of the Victory in the Second World War, associated with the special role of the USSR. The subsequent decline of the communists in Western Europe is explained by the loss of the attractiveness of the Soviet project, by the erosion of the original values. At the present historical stage, a new rise in the popularity of the left forces is recorded, which is associated with a modern systemic crisis and a search for alternatives to capitalism.

scholarly journals Anthroponyms in Fantasy Fiction and Computer Games: Approaches to Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei G. Fomin ◽  
Vladislav I. Chobotar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Fantasy Literature ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Lord Of The Rings ◽  
Fantasy Fiction ◽  
Research Material

The following article examines the ways of translation of anthroponyms from English to Russian in fantasy fiction and computer games. The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare the anthroponyms translation variants in the literary text. In the following article works of Russian and foreign scientists in the context of anthroponimics were used, the usage of classification models was taken up, comparative analysis and functional analysis were used. The following study can be used in textbooks, in the process of translation and localization of fantasy fiction and computer games. The research material involves translations of anthroponyms of fantasy literature cycles (Harry Potter, The Song of Ice and Fire, The Lord of the Rings) and fantasy role-playing computer game "World of Warcraft". Particular patterns of anthroponyms translation were shown in terms of early and modern translations.

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