Biogas utilization in an internal combustion engine working in a serial hybrid propulsion system

Due to increase in demand for fossil fuels and aspects of natural environment protection, there is a major need to utilize alternative and renewable energy sources in order to promote sustainable development. The use of biogas as a source of renewable energy could provide effective and alternative way to satisfy a remarkable part of this demand for the transportation sector. As biogas has high inert content of carbon dioxide, its heating value is lower compared to CNG. Applying these low heating value renewable gaseous fuels for means of transport is not fully worked out yet because their combustion characteristics significantly differ from liquid fuels that are currently used or propane, or natural gas based systems that are becoming more and more popular in transportation. Biogas is not in common use, thus its utilization is recently limited for engines with conventional equipment burning other fuels. Thus, theoretical and experimental analysis was made to investigate the usability of biogas. On the basis of conducted investigation, it was found that effective biogas utilization as a fuel for means of transport can be achieved in a serial hybrid system consisted of internal combustion reciprocating engine.

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The Impact of Powering an Engine with Fuels from Renewable Energy Sources including its Software Modification on a Drive Unit Performance Parameters

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6585 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Markiewicz ◽

Muślewski

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

The Impact

The application of fuels from renewable energy sources for combustion engine powering involves a great demand for this kind of energy while its production infrastructure remains underdeveloped. The use of this kind of fuel is supposed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and the depletion of natural resources and to increase the share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption and thus support sustainable development in Europe. This study presents the results of research on selected performance parameters of transport by internal combustion engines including: power, torque, the emission of sound generated by the engine, the content of exhaust components (oxygen O2, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen dioxide NO2), and the content of particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emission. Three self-ignition engines were tested. The fuel injection controllers of the tested internal combustion engines were additionally adjusted by increasing the fuel dose and the load of air. The material used in the tests were mixtures of diesel oil and fatty acid methyl esters of different concentration. A statistical analysis was performed based of the results. The purpose of the work was to develop a resulting model for assessing the operation of engines fueled with biofuel and diesel mixtures while changing the vehicle's computer software. A computer simulation algorithm was also developed for the needs of the tests which was used to prognose the state of the test results for variable input parameters.

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INVESTIGATION ON TRANSPORT RELATED BIOGAS UTILIZATION

Transport ◽

10.3846/transport.2010.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 77-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Viktória Barbara Kovács ◽

Ádám Török

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Experimental Analysis ◽

Human Population ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Heating Value ◽

Gaseous Fuels ◽

Alternative Energy Sources

Due to an increase in demand for energy and the mobility of the human population as well as in order to keep sustainable development, there is a major need to utilize alternative energy sources. The use of biogases as a source of renewable energy could provide an effective and alternative way to fulfil a remarkable part of this demand for energy. As biogases have high inert content, their heating value is low. The energetic utilization of these low heating value renewable gaseous fuels is not fully worked out yet because their combustion characteristics significantly differ from the liquid fuels that are used nowadays in transportation, and in this way, they are not usable or their utilization is limited in devices with conventional equipment. Thus, theoretical and experimental analysis was made to investigate the usability of biogases.

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Simulating the Effect of Torrefaction on the Heating Value of Barley Straw

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13030736 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 736 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dimitrios K. Sidiras ◽

Antonios G. Nazos ◽

Georgios E. Giakoumakis ◽

Dorothea V. Politi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Content ◽

Low Cost ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Severity Factor ◽

Heating Value ◽

The Impact

Many recent studies focused on the research of thermal treated biomass in order to replace fossil fuels. These studies improved the knowledge about pretreated lignocellulosics contribution to achieve the goal of renewable energy sources, reducing CO2 emissions and limiting climate change. They participate in renewable energy production so that sustainable consumption and production patterns can by ensured by meeting Goals 7 and 12 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To this end, the subject of the present study relates to the enhancement of the thermal energy content of barley straw through torrefaction. At the same time, the impact of the torrefaction process parameters, i.e., time and temperature, was investigated and kinetic models were applied in order to fit the experimental data using the severity factor, R0, which combines the effect of the temperature and the time of the torrefaction process into a single reaction ordinate. According to the results presented herein, the maximum heating value was achieved at the most severe torrefaction conditions. Consequently, torrefied barley straw could be an alternative renewable energy source as a coal substitute or an activated carbon low cost substitute (with/without activation treatment) within the biorefinery and the circular economy concept.

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Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

Risalah Fisika ◽

10.35895/rf.v4i1.166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Made Dirgantara ◽

Karelius Karelius ◽

Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Key Words ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Heating Value ◽

Bomb Calorimeter ◽

Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate

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Post COVID-19 Recovery and 2050 Climate Change Targets: Changing the Emphasis from Promotion of Renewables to Mandated Curtailment of Fossil Fuels in the EU Policies

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1347

Author(s):

Kyriakos Maniatis ◽

David Chiaramonti ◽

Eric van den Heuvel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Global Economy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Global Climate ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Climate Change Policy ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

The European Union

The present work considers the dramatic changes the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the global economy, with particular emphasis on energy. Focusing on the European Union, the article discusses the opportunities policy makers can implement to reduce the climate impacts and achieve the Paris Agreement 2050 targets. The analysis specifically looks at the fossil fuels industry and the future of the fossil sector post COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis first revises the fossil fuel sector, and then considers the need for a shift of the global climate change policy from promoting the deployment of renewable energy sources to curtailing the use of fossil fuels. This will be a change to the current global approach, from a relative passive one to a strategically dynamic and proactive one. Such a curtailment should be based on actual volumes of fossil fuels used and not on percentages. Finally, conclusions are preliminary applied to the European Union policies for net zero by 2050 based on a two-fold strategy: continuing and reinforcing the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive to 2035, while adopting a new directive for fixed and over time increasing curtailment of fossils as of 2025 until 2050.

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Laminar Burning Velocity of Biogas-Containing Mixtures. A Literature Review

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9060996 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 996

Author(s):

Venera Giurcan ◽

Codina Movileanu ◽

Adina Magdalena Musuc ◽

Maria Mitu

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbines ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Burning Velocity ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Engine Fuel ◽

Laminar Burning Velocity ◽

Waste Products

Currently, the use of fossil fuels is very high and existing nature reserves are rapidly depleted. Therefore, researchers are turning their attention to find renewable fuels that have a low impact on the environment, to replace these fossil fuels. Biogas is a low-cost alternative, sustainable, renewable fuel existing worldwide. It can be produced by decomposition of vegetation or waste products of human and animal biological activity. This process is performed by microorganisms (such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria) by anaerobic digestion. Biogas can serve as a basis for heat and electricity production used for domestic heating and cooking. It can be also used to feed internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel cells, or cogeneration systems. In this paper, a comprehensive literature study regarding the laminar burning velocity of biogas-containing mixtures is presented. This study aims to characterize the use of biogas as IC (internal combustion) engine fuel, and to develop efficient safety recommendations and to predict and reduce the risk of fires and accidental explosions caused by biogas.

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Nigeria: Advancing the Cause of Renewable Energy in Nigeria’s Power Sector Through its Legal Framework

Environmental Policy and Law ◽

10.3233/epl-200246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (4-5) ◽

pp. 433-444

Author(s):

Olusola Joshua Olujobi ◽

Temilola Olusola-Olujobi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Power Sector ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

Oil Sector

Fossil fuels have been the mainstream of energy supply and a major source of foreign exchange earnings for the Federal Government of Nigeria, in spite of being an unrenewable and unsustainable source of energy. Nigeria is yet to tap into the full benefits after privatising its power sector, including the new global evolution in the energy sector and the resulting increasing demand for renewable energy sources, which some consider to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels and their allied products. Energy security is a challenge to socio-economic development in Nigeria, due to the country’s over-dependency on fossil fuels. In terms of their impact and the potentials to preserve energy sources for longevity and sustainability, however, fossil fuels will come to be seen as an out-dated alternative in the power sector as the energy industry evolves. The implications for Nigeria’s oil sector will not be limited to dwindling crude oil prices. The concerns include poor energy utilisation in Nigeria and the need to promote energy efficiency and sustainability. They have led to the formulation of new energy policies around the world to serve as a vehicle for translating solutions into reality. This study has adopted a library-based legal research method with a comparative approach. The study reveals that it is the lack of a coherent legal framework with incentives for using renewable energy that is largely seen as the key issue causing slow uptake of renewable energy as an alternative source of energy in Nigeria. As well as the need for a coherent legal framework on energy and incentives for using renewable energy sources, the study advocates stringent enforcement of existing energy regulatory policies.

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Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5142

Author(s):

Javier Menéndez ◽

Jorge Loredo

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

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Dynamic Analysis of Electrical Power Grid Delivery: Using Prime Mover Engines to Balance Dynamic Wind Turbine Output

ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2011-60170 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Diana K. Grauer ◽

Michael E. Reed

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Research Team ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

National Laboratory ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Energy System ◽

Electrical Transmission ◽

Reciprocating Engine ◽

Electrical Generation

This paper presents an investigation into integrated wind + combustion engine high penetration electrical generation systems. Renewable generation systems are now a reality of electrical transmission. Unfortunately, many of these renewable energy supplies are stochastic and highly dynamic. Conversely, the existing national grid has been designed for steady state operation. The research team has developed an algorithm to investigate the feasibility and relative capability of a reciprocating internal combustion engine to directly integrate with wind generation in a tightly coupled Hybrid Energy System. Utilizing the Idaho National Laboratory developed Phoenix Model Integration Platform, the research team has coupled demand data with wind turbine generation data and the Aspen Custom Modeler reciprocating engine electrical generator model to investigate the capability of reciprocating engine electrical generation to balance stochastic renewable energy.

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The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in a Sustainable World

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x9200300407 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 430-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruud Pleune

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

World Energy ◽

World Concept

Present energy use - largely dependent on fossil fuels - is incompatible with the sustainable world concept. In a sustainable world, energy sources are renewable and used in a way that damage to the environment is minimalized. This study investigates the possibility of a sustainable world using renewable energy sources. It appears that - when strict energy conservation is applied - such a sustainable world seems to be attainable. This requires, however, drastic changes in most parts of society.

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