Assessment of Energy Infrastructure in India: Is it Sustainable …….

Energy is one of the important building blocks in human development and act as a key factor in determining the economic development of any country. To meeting the demands of a developing nation, Energy requirement in the Form of Coal, Gas, oil and most important Electricity is necessary. This paper attempts to present full picture of Indian energy sector which is growing rapidly. However since, resource allocation and growth in energy supply have failed to meet the demands exerted by the increasing population, rapid urbanization and growing economy. First we identify factor of energy shortage in India, forcing it to rely heavily on imports. Second we develop a multiple linear regression model which includes all independent variables (Population, Inflation, and GDP) to determine energy consumption in India. India is a developing economy. Energy requirement in India are basically electricity, oil, coal, biomass and gas. India’s energy-mix comprises both non-renewable (coal, lignite, petroleum and natural gas) and renewable energy sources (wind, solar, small hydro, biomass, cogeneration biogases etc.). Based on these model we give conclusion such that which independent variable (population, Inflation and GDP) is more impacting coal, oil, gas and electricity consumption in India as well as Current patterns of energy use and assumptions about future trends in economic activity, we constructed an activity driven model to forecast what would be the natural short term evolution of energy use in India for each end use segment by. Through analysis of current patterns of energy use, drivers of energy use were collected at the sub-sector level. We connected drivers of model with evolution of GDP to determine what would be the impact of economic growth on drivers of energy use. It also includes fuel or technology switching in the forecast.

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Life Cycle Assessment on Different Synthetic Routes of ZIF-8 Nanomaterials

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14164998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4998

Author(s):

Vasileios Ntouros ◽

Ioannis Kousis ◽

Dimitra Papadaki ◽

Anna Laura Pisello ◽

Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Energy Use ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Research Activity ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

The Impact

In the last twenty years, research activity around the environmental applications of metal–organic frameworks has bloomed due to their CO2 capture ability, tunable properties, porosity, and well-defined crystalline structure. Thus, hundreds of MOFs have been developed. However, the impact of their production on the environment has not been investigated as thoroughly as their potential applications. In this work, the environmental performance of various synthetic routes of MOF nanoparticles, in particular ZIF-8, is assessed through a life cycle assessment. For this purpose, five representative synthesis routes were considered, and synthesis data were obtained based on available literature. The synthesis included different solvents (de-ionized water, methanol, dimethylformamide) as well as different synthetic steps (i.e., hours of drying, stirring, precursor). The findings revealed that the main environmental weak points identified during production were: (a) the use of dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol (MeOH) as substances impacting environmental sustainability, which accounted for more than 85% of the overall environmental impacts in those synthetic routes where they were utilized as solvents and as cleaning agents at the same time; (b) the electricity consumption, especially due to the Greek energy mix which is fossil-fuel dependent, and accounted for up to 13% of the overall environmental impacts in some synthetic routes. Nonetheless, for the optimization of the impacts provided by the energy use, suggestions are made based on the use of alternative, cleaner renewable energy sources, which (for the case of wind energy) will decrease the impacts by up to 2%.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEINTERVENTION TO URBAN BUILDING RENEWABLE ENERGY MODELING INTERVENTION FOR ROBUST FLEXIBLE COMMUNITIES

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 314-321

Author(s):

Sammar Z. Allam

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Power Plants ◽

Energy Use ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Generation ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Use Pattern

This research coveys a comparative analysis between Urban Building energy model (UBEM) generated by scholar, researchers, and professional in academia and industry while highlighting the reliable main components to manifest a successful and reliable UBEM technologies. Nevertheless, it consolidates distributed generation on building blocks rather than a whole district relying on renewable energy sources. It guides engineers through energy system model simulation on Openmodelica platform to feed green sustained communities. Moreover, energy use-pattern is mapped and analyzed by internet of things (IOT) technologies to fine-tune energy uses and refine use-pattern. Demonstrating artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithmto predict energy consumption can reflect on the amount of energy required for storage to cover energy needs. AI shapes a robust positive energy district (PED) through storinggenerated renewable solar or bio-energy to cover predicted energy use-pattern.Distributed -power-plant stations capacity to cover clusters using AI in predicting energy consumption consolidates on-site energy generation recommended by multiple International rating systems. AI-based Energy management plan guide engineers and planners to design distributed-power-plants of energy generation capacity lies between the actual energy need and a predicted scenario.

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ENERGY SUPPORT IN THE SAUDI RESIDENTIAL SECTOR USING BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (BIPV)-A REVIEW

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.2021.8(1).sus-19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Saeed Qahtani ◽

Bambang Trigunarsyah ◽

Thomas Simko

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Population Increase ◽

Residential Sector ◽

Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽

The Impact

Over the past decade, there has been significant growth in power demand in Saudi Arabia. This has been due to various factors, including population increase, economic development, advancements in living standards, severe weather conditions, industrial growth, energy use policies, energy source diversification and low pricing energy regimes. It is necessary to use renewable energy sources as one of the solutions to cover and reduce that demand, which is particularly high in the residential sector. The use of solar power systems, such as building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, in residential roofs is the fastest and simplest solution. Solar energy utilization could be one of the solutions to generate alternative energy in ways appropriate for the geographical location and other aspects of Saudi Arabia. This study will indicate the impact of this approach, which will have many advantages in supporting residential energy use. This study finds that Saudi Arabia is undoubtedly one of the countries in the world that needs to produce a combination of energy which balances oil production and sales and reduces domestic consumption. Such a balance must also provide sufficient energy to meet the targets of the Saudi economy, especially since most areas of Saudi Arabia are characterized by a very high-temperature tropical climate in the summer.

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Environmental Impacts of Experimental Production of Lactic Acid for Bioplastics from Ulva spp.

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10072462 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2462 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roel Helmes ◽

Ana López-Contreras ◽

Maud Benoit ◽

Helena Abreu ◽

Julie Maguire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Energy Use ◽

Fermentation Broth ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Experimental Production ◽

Production Chain ◽

Material Efficiency ◽

Green Seaweed ◽

The Impact

An exploratory Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was carried out to provide insight into the environmental impacts of using the green seaweed Ulva spp. as a feedstock, for production of bioplastic. The study focused on the production of lactic acid as a precursor of polylactic acid. The study was on the production process: (1) The cultivation of Ulva spp., in an Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture system; (2) the processing of the biomass for solubilization of sugars; (3) the fermentation of the sugars to lactic acid; (4) the isolation of lactic acid from fermentation broth. The study identified environmental hotspots and compared an experimental seaweed production chain with conventional feedstocks. The main hotspot is derived from electricity consumption during seaweed cultivation. The impact of electricity consumption can be lowered by reducing energy use and sourcing renewable energy, and by improving the material efficiency in the product chain. To improve understanding of the process of production’s environmental impacts, future studies should broaden the system boundaries and scope of sustainability issues included in the environmental assessment.

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Energy Use at the University of Almeria (Spain)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13115843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 5843

Author(s):

Mehdi Chihib ◽

Esther Salmerón-Manzano ◽

Mimoun Chourak ◽

Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno ◽

Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Energy Sector ◽

Wide Range ◽

University Buildings ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused chaos in many sectors and industries. In the energy sector, the demand has fallen drastically during the first quarter of 2020. The University of Almeria campus also declined the energy consumption in 2020, and through this study, we aimed to measure the impact of closing the campus on the energy use of its different facilities. We built our analysis based upon the dataset collected during the year 2020 and previous years; the patterns evolution through time allowed us to better understand the energy performance of each facility during this exceptional year. We rearranged the university buildings into categories, and all the categories reduced their electricity consumption share in comparison with the previous year of 2019. Furthermore, the portfolio of categories presented a wide range of ratios that varied from 56% to 98%, the library category was found to be the most influenced, and the research category was found to be the least influenced. This opened questions like why some facilities were influenced more than others? What can we do to reduce the energy use even more when the facilities are closed? The university buildings presented diverse structures that revealed differences in energy performance, which explained why the impact of such an event (COVID-19 pandemic) is not necessarily relevant to have equivalent variations. Nevertheless, some management deficiencies were detected, and some energy savings measures were proposed to achieve a minimum waste of energy.

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Assessing the Impact of High-Speed Rail on Domestic Aviation CO2 Emissions in China

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119835813 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (3) ◽

pp. 176-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bojun Wang ◽

Aidan O’Sullivan ◽

Andreas W. Schäfer

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Air Transport ◽

High Speed Rail ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

Reduction Of Emissions ◽

Growing Economy ◽

Infrastructure Investments ◽

The Impact

This paper examines the beneficial impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on reducing aviation CO2 emissions in China. As a fast-growing economy and the world’s largest CO2 emitter, China has made massive infrastructure investments but has also committed to reducing emissions across all sectors. This study demonstrates that investments in China’s HSR can effectively contribute to reduction of emissions from domestic aviation, a sector that is particularly challenging to decarbonize. Although a wide body of literature has assessed the competition between HSR and air transport, little attention has been paid to the climate implications of this phenomenon. It is estimated that, through mode substitution for air transport, HSR generated a cumulative net saving of between 1.76 and 2.76 million tons of CO2 from 2012 to 2015. This was equivalent to 3.2%–5.1% of 2015 domestic aviation emissions. Importantly, it is also demonstrated that by not taking into account the electricity consumption of HSR, its environmental benefits could be overestimated. Lastly, through analysis of future energy mix scenarios this study highlights that HSR has a great potential to reduce CO2 emissions even further if China achieved its climate pledge in the Paris Agreement in terms of decarbonizing its electricity generation sector by 2030.

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ANALYSIS OF SOLAR ENERGY USE FOR MULTI-FLAT BUILDINGS RENOVATION / SAULĖS ENERGIJOS PANAUDOJIMO MODERNIZUOJAMUOSE DAUGIABUČIUOSE ANALIZĖ

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis ◽

10.3846/mla.2016.941 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 449-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kęstutis Valančius ◽

Jonas Grigaliūnas

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy System ◽

Maximum Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Simulation Tools ◽

Consumption Data

The paper analyses the energy and financial possibilities to install renewable energy sources (solar energy) generating systems when renovating multi-flat buildings. The aim is to analyse solar energy system possibilities for modernization of multi-flat buildings (5-storey, 9-storey and 16-storey), providing detailed conclusions about the appropriateness of the energy systems and financial aspects. It is also intended to determine the optimal technological combinations and solutions to reach the maximum energy benefits. For the research computer simulation tools “EnergyPRO” and “PV*SOL Premium” are chosen. Also actual collected heat and electricity consumption data is used for the analysis. Straipsnyje yra apžvelgiamos ir nagrinėjamos energinės ir finansinės galimybės daugiabučiuose namuose įdiegti atsinaujinančius energijos išteklius (saulės energiją) generuojančias sistemas. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti didžiausias saulės energijos sistemų panaudojimo galimybes, modernizuojant (5-ių aukštų, 9-ių aukštų ir 16-os aukštų) daugiabučius pastatus, pateikiant išsamias išvadas apie šių sistemų tinkamumą energiniu ir finansiniu aspektais. Siekiama nustatyti optimalius technologinius derinius ir sprendinius, kurių energinė vertė būtų didžiausia. Tyrime pasirinktas būdas yra naujų sistemų modeliavimas kompiuterinėmis ,,EnergyPRO“ ir ,,PV*SOL Premium“ programomis. Taip pat naudojami sukaupti faktiniai šilumos ir elektros energiniai individualių daugiabučių duomenys. Šie duomenys apima visus 2015 metus, kai atitinkamai ant 5-ių aukštų daugiabučio stogo ir 9-ių aukštų daugiabučio fasado sumontuotais prietaisais buvo kaupiami saulės spinduliuotės duomenys.

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The Impact of Electricity Consumption Profile in Underground Mines to Cooperate with RES

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14185775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5775

Author(s):

Sylwester Kaczmarzewski ◽

Piotr Olczak ◽

Maciej Sołtysik

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Large Scale ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Industrial Plant ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Monetary Value ◽

The Impact

In Poland, a dynamic increase in the share of renewable energy sources in the national energy mix has been observed in recent years. Until now, these were mainly installations used for the needs of single-family houses and large-scale installations used on the RES auction market. However, due to the fact that the carbon footprint of the offered products is taken into account, this aspect is becoming more and more important. The carbon footprint can be offset by, among others, by covering the energy needs of the industrial plant by its own renewable energy sources. The article analyzes four sample electricity demand profiles of production plants operating in the mining industry, mainly located in Upper Silesia. Using statistical methods, the fitting of potential photovoltaic sources production profiles to the electricity consumption profiles in the analyzed case studies was checked. The analysis was carried out for each hour of the day and for the profiles weighted by the electricity price from the Polish Power Exchange on the Day-Ahead Market, because matching profiles at different hours has a different monetary value and, as a result, a different impact on operation costs. The highest correlation coefficient between electricity consumption and insolation on an annual basis was −0.29 in the Spearman rho-statistic for the case of M1 enterprise. On the other hand, the highest value at the level of 0.48 was achieved by the Pearson r-correlation coefficient determined on a monthly basis between the monetary value of electricity consumed and insolation in June for the M2 enterprise.

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The nexus of energy resources and the environment

Journal of Ecobiotechnology ◽

10.25081/jebt.2021.v13.7445 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Currently, every country is striving to realize development for its people. Thus, to achieve this there is a need for ensuring access to reliable energy at all levels. The world is currently relying on the use of non-renewable energy such as fuels, and coal. However, these sources are not environmental friendly. Thus, renewable energy sources such as hydropower, solar energy, geothermal, and biofuels must be emphasized to replace the use of non-renewable energies. People need to understand well the relationship between energy resources and the environment. This paper, therefore, aims at providing the nexus of energy resources and the environment. To achieve this, the author has explained well the concept of energy and energy resources; energy uses and energy efficiency and energy security. Moreover, the author has discussed the impact of energy resources on the environment. Finally, energy savings and practices to best energy use; use of technologies to reduce the pollutant emissions in the atmosphere; and investment in renewable technologies are needed for attaining sustainable energy and environment.

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Impact of Agriculture and Energy on CO2 Emissions in Zambia

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14248339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (24) ◽

pp. 8339

Author(s):

Joseph Phiri ◽

Karel Malec ◽

Alpo Kapuka ◽

Mansoor Maitah ◽

Seth Nana Kwame Appiah-Kubi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Energy Production ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Value Added ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Wald Test ◽

The Impact

The world has experienced increased impacts of anthropogenic global warming due to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which include carbon dioxide (CO2). Anthropogenic activities that contribute to CO2 emissions include deforestation, usage of fertilizers, and activities related to mining and energy production. The main objective of this paper was to assess the impacts of agriculture and energy production on CO2 emissions in Zambia. This research used econometric analysis, specifically the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test, to analyze the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP, electricity consumption, agricultural production, and industry value added. The results showed the presence of cointegration, where the variables of CO2 emissions, GDP, electricity, and agriculture converge to a long-run equilibrium at the rate of 74%. Further, there was a short-run causality towards CO2 emissions running from agriculture and the consumption of energy as indicated by the Wald test. This is the first study of its kind that empirically shows the impact of agricultural activities and energy consumption on the Zambian environment through their contribution to CO2 emissions at a macro (country) level. This paper also presents recommendations that are pertinent to mitigate these effects. To deescalate environmental degradation, we propose increasing the number of access points for multiple renewable energy sources across the country; discouraging deforestation, the usage of conventional fertilizers, and the burning of vegetation for fertilizers; encouraging afforestation and reforestation, in addition to providing subsidies, training, and financial support to farmers and entrepreneurs who decide to use environmentally friendly agricultural methods and renewable energy. This research highlights the serious impacts of anthropogenic activities on CO2 emissions. The study was intended to assist Zambian policymakers in formulating and implementing environmentally friendly policy measures or systems that will contribute towards environmental protection commitments and sustainable economic development.

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