scholarly journals Linguistic personality in culture: research areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (24) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Rtishcheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Statics And Dynamics ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article deals with the definition of linguistic personality in the context of the relationship between language and culture. Language as a cultural phenomenon in determining the linguistic personality is considered in the works of J. L. Weisgerber. Speaking about language as a cultural value, the researcher evaluates the possibility for understanding it as an internal content of culture. Moreover, the author considers the linguistic personality within the context of the internal features of culture, taking into account the existential characteristics of language in its statics and dynamics. In Russian science, the first mention of the linguistic personality is found in V. V. Vinogradov’s works. In his interpretation the linguistic personality acts as an integrative formation including two sides, the collective (social) and individual. An important aspect of V. V. Vinogradov's linguistic personality reconstruction is the fact that the author focuses on the speech structure, which demonstrates real understanding of a language with regard to its functional characteristics, which overcome the closed existence in the system of set rules. Modern Russian linguistic and cultural concepts present more detailed study of linguistic personality practices in the context of culture. For example, V. I. Karasik considers the linguistic personality from the point of view of linguistic conceptology, focusing on integrative understanding of a language in its semantic and value aspects,on the one hand, and in its practical and functional aspects, on the other. Y. N. Karaulov tries to integrate the polarity of the linguistic personality with the levels of its organization, taking into account invariant and variable characteristics. The author notes that the linguistic personality can be characterized from the position of language consciousness and speech behavior. However, the focus of its study in the context of culture reveals certain aspects of human nature and life connected to the implementation of cultural forms, in which the existential foundations of human life are realised, reflecting its spiritual content.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

scholarly journals Legal aspect of social entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Filatova ◽  
Nina Semeryanova ◽  
Svetlana Suslova ◽  
Alena Gabudina ◽  
Anna Kopytova
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses the main issues of definition of social entrepreneurship, both from economic and legal point of view. Since Russian legislature is only at the beginning of the way to create legal framework for activities, legislation on social entrepreneurship seems fragmentary and inconsistent. All of that adversely affects development of social entrepreneurship. Official city statistics (Nizhnevartovsk) show that less than a third of all entrepreneurs are interested in this type of activity; entrepreneurs who already have business in the field of social entrepreneurship mostly do not plan to expand current activities in this area. Analysis can contribute to creation of developed socio-economic relations in Russia. It can be achieved by building effective relations between social entrepreneurs and beneficiaries on the one hand, and also between social entrepreneurs and the state on the other.

scholarly journals ’n Kerkregtelike verkenning van die belewing van kerklike eenheid in en oor volks- en taalgrense

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Le R. Du Plooy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Church Unity ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

This article investigates the problem of church unity, paying special attention to unity within and across boundaries of language and culture. The problem is approached from a church canonical point of view. A synopsis is given of the resolutions and viewpoints of the three Afrikaans Churches in South Africa. The reasoning behind the different points of view of these Churches which all adhere to reformational traditions and which all function and work in the same country, is discussed critically. Finally an attempt is made to indicate a few canonical parameters which may be regarded as guidelines to address the problem of unity and diversity in the one Church of Jesus Christ our Lord.

Toward a frame-semantic definition of sound-symbolic words: A collocational analysis of Japanese mimetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimi Akita,
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
General Frame ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Definition

AbstractThis article presents empirical evidence of the high referential specificity of sound-symbolic words, based on a FrameNet-aided analysis of collocational data of Japanese mimetics. The definition of mimetics, particularly their semantic definition, has been crosslinguistically the most challenging problem in the literature, and different researchers have used different adjectives (most notably, “vivid,” since Doke 1935) to describe their semantic peculiarity. The present study approaches this longstanding issue from a frame-semantic point of view combined with a quantitative method. It was found that mimetic manner adverbials generally form a frame-semantically restricted range of verbal/nominal collocations than non-mimetic ones. Each mimetic can thus be considered to evoke a highly specific frame, which elaborates the general frame evoked by its typical host predicate and contains a highly limited set of frame elements, which correlate and constrain one another. This conclusion serves as a unified account of previously reported phenomena concerning mimetics, including the lack of hyponymy, the one-mimetic-per-clause restriction, and unparaphrasability. This study can be also viewed as a methodological proposal for the measurement of frame specificity, which supplements bottom-up linguistic tests.

scholarly journals JUSTICE IN MODERN RUSSIA: THE CONCEPT AND FEATURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-546
Author(s):  
Olga V Pankova
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
State Activity ◽  
Judicial Procedures ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article reveals the essential characteristics of justice as a specific type of state activity; identifies the main features of justice that distinguish it, on the one hand, from other types of state activity, and on the other - from other types of judicial activity. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the features of justice in its modern sense. The versatility of this legal category as an ambivalent definition is reflected in its various characteristics, through the consideration of which the most general definition of justice is formulated in the work. The methodological basis of the article is the modern achievements of the theory of knowledge. In the course of research theoretical, General philosophical (dialectics, system method, analysis, synthesis, deduction), traditional legal methods (formal-logical) were applied. Turning to the question of the characteristics of justice, the author touches upon the problem of its broad and narrow understanding due to the increasing role of mediation, conciliation and arbitration as alternative forms of resolution of legal conflicts, as well as in connection with the empowerment of certain state bodies of jurisdictional powers, and concludes that, unlike a number of foreign countries, justice in Russia can be carried out only by state courts. Of considerable interest is also the study of the subject area of justice, which is related to the situation of legal conflict. In this context, the author's analysis of the concept of "legal conflict" and his proposed differentiation of such conflicts into types with subsequent consideration of each of them is quite legitimate. In the context of the formation of the new Russian statehood, the arbitration sign of justice acquired a different sound, which is considered in the work from the standpoint of the special jurisdictional procedural activity of the court and the situational nature of justice. Since the beginning of the modern judicial reform, objective changes in the activities of the courts associated with the emergence of simplified and writ proceedings that have simplified the procedure for the consideration and resolution of certain categories of administrative and civil cases, as well as the allocation of jurisdictional powers to other state bodies that are not part of the judiciary, but use quasi-judicial procedures, i.e. almost judicial procedures as close as possible to them, have significantly changed the attitude to the procedural form of justice, which has lost its former importance. In this regard, the author substantiates the point of view that nowadays in order to determine the qualitative nature of the jurisdictional bodies, it is necessary to identify, in particular, the distinctive features in each of the procedural forms. Revealing in more detail the content of methods and means of justice, the author touches upon the problem of correlation of this legal category with justice and on the basis of the analysis of different points of view comes to the conclusion that these concepts can not be considered as legal phenomena that coincide in whole or in part. Justice is rather an intrinsic property of justice, contributing to its perception as a social and legal value. As one of the most important signs of justice in the work is considered the state-power nature and reliability of judicial decisions, the execution of which involves the suppression of the will (freedom) or material deprivation of one of the parties with the use in certain cases of power and force of the state. In this regard, some attention is paid to the characterization of the binding nature of the judgment as one of its essential properties. Examining justice as categories which help to reveal the contents and legal merits of this form of state activity, in the definition of the given concept into a single, unified definition.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF THE VERBALITY ЖИТЬ IN RUSSIAN DIALECTS OF UDMURTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
E.A. Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of semantic features that are noted in the verb жить in Russian dialects of Udmurtia. As the analysis of the material of the corpus of Russian dialects of Udmurtia showed, this verb is found in contexts indicating values different from those known in the literary language. In connection with the need to clarify the layout of the corpus and create a dictionary of Russian dialects in Udmurtia, a definition of the semantics of this verb is required. The semantic features of a dialect word can be established both by linguistic factors: the syntactic role and lexical compatibility, as well as extralinguistic factors: the range of specific uses of the verb, historical information about the settlement of this territory, religious and ideological features of dialect speakers. For analysis, material from various lexicographic sources, as well as etymological information, was used. As a result of the study, an idea about the possibility of double interpretation of the semantics of the analyzed dialect word was formed: on the one hand, from the point of view of its implementation in dialect, as a syncretic unit, on the other hand, from the point of view of its lexicographic representation, as a set of lexical-semantic variants.

scholarly journals Juridical Activities in the Digital Age: A Concept, Content, Forms

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
A. V. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines activity as the most important component of human life. The author elucidates the features of activity from the standpoint of various fields of knowledge: philosophy, psychology, sociology. The preference is given to the activity approach, which is based on the category of “substantive activity.” It is substantive in nature and does not simply define the activity as human interaction with the outside world, but reflects the changes that constitute the result of human activity. Various aspects of theoretical and practical activity are touched upon on the example of legal activity, which is of a complex intellectual nature. Legal activity is often characterized through legal practice — one of the varieties of social practices. Some similarities of these categories are reflected, as well as differences between them. The paper gives the author’s definition of legal activity focused on professional legal activity. The definition cannot claim to be universal due to various types of professional legal activity. Nevertheless, it is specified that professional legal activity is always an activity carried out on the basis of law, in legal forms; it is aimed at achieving the goals determined by law. The author demonstrates the impact of digital technologies on various types of legal activities. Especially in the conditions of the pandemic when traditional forms of communication have given way to virtual ones. It is noted that this influence is of a dual nature, that is, on the one hand, it increases the efficiency of communications, and, on the other hand, it leads to some risks and problems, in particular, against the background of the fact that a significant part of our population still does not have access to modern information and communication systems.

Good, theories of the

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Korsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
General Term ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Term Functions ◽  
Virtuous Life ◽  
Definition Of

‘Good’ is the most general term of positive evaluation, used to recommend or express approval in a wide range of contexts. It indicates that a thing is desirable or worthy of choice, so that normally, if you have reason to want a certain kind of thing, you also have reason to prefer a good thing of that kind. A theory of the good may consist in a general account of the good, which is meant to apply to all good things; or in a definition of ‘good’, an account of how the term functions in the language. Theories of the good have metaphysical implications about the relations of fact and value. Many ancient and medieval philosophers believed in the ultimate identity of the real and the good. Modern philosophers reject this identification, and have held a range of positions: realists, for example, hold that the good is part of reality, while certain moral sense theorists hold that when we call something good we are projecting human interests onto reality; and emotivists hold that we use the term ‘good’ only to signify subjective approval. Theorists of the good also categorize different kinds of goodness and explain how they are related. Good things are standardly classified as ends, which are valued for their own sakes, or means, valued for the sake of the ends they promote. Some philosophers also divide them into intrinsic goods, which have their value in themselves, and extrinsic goods, which get their value from their relation to something else. Various theories have been held about the relation between these two distinctions – about whether an end must be something with intrinsic value. Philosophers also distinguish subjective goods – things which are good for someone in particular – from objective goods, which are good from everyone’s point of view. Views about how these kinds of goodness are related have important implications for moral philosophy. Usually, a theory of the good is constructed in the hope of shedding light on more substantive questions, such as what makes a person, an action, or a human life good. These questions raise issues about the relation between ethical and other values. For example, we may ask whether moral virtue is a special sort of goodness, or just the ordinary sort applied to persons. Or, since actions are valued as ‘right’ or ‘wrong’, we may ask how these values are related to the action’s goodness or badness. We may also pose the question of whether a life that is good in the sense of being happy must also be a morally good or virtuous life. This last question has occupied the attention of philosophers ever since Plato.

The Role of Religious Experiences and Religious Institutions: Comparing Peter L. Berger’s and Hans Joas’ Approach to Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Isaak Deman
Keyword(s):  
Human Person ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Similar Path ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract Hans Joas (born 1948) has repeatedly criticized Peter L. Berger (1929–2017) for placing religious experiences in the cognitive realm, where it runs the risk of being “contaminated” by secularization and pluralism. Instead, Joas has proposed to locate religious experiences in the “deeper layers” of the human person, where it is protected against mere cognitive reductionism and against contamination by secularization and pluralism. Despite his critique, Joas follows a similar path of Berger, as he explains the phenomenon of religion from an inductive point of view that originates in the experiential realm. This article demonstrates how Joas’ approach operates on a similar methodology like the one of Berger and ultimately results in similar theoretical conclusions despite their differing theoretical foundations. Moreover, this article illuminates an implicit methodological similarity between Joas and Berger that, on the one hand, differs from one of the taken-for-granted methodologies in the discipline of sociology (of religion), and, on the other hand, strongly influences the disposition of religious institutions in their definition of religion.

On the Principles and Postulates of Cultural Linguistics (as Exemplified by a Definition of WORK)

Tertium ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bartmiński
Keyword(s):  
Research Network ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Interpretive Perspective ◽  
Cultural Concept

The study consists of four parts. The first part is devoted to the beginnings of culturallinguistics in Poland, connected with the Wrocław-based programme for research on Polishnational culture, the emergence of the “Language and Culture” research network (and apublication series with the same title), and the launch of the Lublin-based journal“Etnolingwistyka” in 1988. The second part contains examples of linguistic facts being viewedin cultural perspective, with a special role of the lexicon as the “mirror of culture”. Part threepresents a repertoire of seven conceptual constructs proposed in Lublin cognitiveethnolinguistics (linguistic worldview, stereotypes as cultural concepts, cognitive definition,viewpoint and interpretive perspective, profiling of base images, values, and the experiencing,conceptualizing, and speaking subject). Finally, the fourth part illustrates the application ofthis theoretical framework in an analysis of the Polish cultural concept of PRACA ‘work’.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document