MICROBIAL PATTERN AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TEST OF HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN

Infection often occurs in children with malignant hematology and causes morbidity and mortality in the children. Antibiotics given must be based on culture results and antibiotic sensitivity testing. This study was aimed to obtain the microbial pattern and sensitivity test in children hospitalized in the Hemato-Oncology Ward, dr. Soetomo Hospital from September 2012 - February 2013. This was a descriptive study. Data were obtained from the patients’ medical records in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. There were 341 culture examinations (blood, urine, rectum swab, faecal, and others) from 88 patients (44 males and 44 females). Most of patients´ age was < 5 years (58%) and suffered from ALL (50%).There were microbial (83 of culture) and yeast (15 of culture) growth out of 98 cultures. Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cefacea, and Klebsiella oxytoca (Gram negative) dan CONS, Stapyloccocus aureus, and Stapylococcus sapropyticus (gram positive) were found in blood culture. S. aureus (gram positive) and E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and B. cefacea (gram negative) were found in urine culture. Only E. coli was found in rectal swab culture. CONS of gram positive cocci were mostly found in blood culture of children hospitalized in Hemato-Oncology Ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital. E. coli was the mostly found gram negative rods. Gram positive cocci showed a high resistant to penicillin and co-trimoxazole. E. coli, mostly found in rectal swab and urine, has a high sensitivity to amikacin and meropenem, but highly resistant to ampicillin and ampicillin sulbactam.

Download Full-text

Chronic Dacryocystitis: Clinico-Bacteriological Profile and its Antibiogram at a Tertiary care Hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.15.3.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sreedevi Hanumantha ◽

Deepti S. Patil ◽

Trupti B. Naik ◽

Vijaykumar Mane

Keyword(s):

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Chronic Dacryocystitis ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Chronic dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac and occurs due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. It is an important cause of ocular morbidity in India. Objective: 1) To identify various species of aerobic bacteria causing chronic dacryocystitis 2) To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these bacterial species. At a tertiary care hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka, over two year period, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 patients suffering from chronic dacryocystitis. Samples obtained were subjected to microbiological culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done on identified isolates. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft office excel 2010. The Maximum (31.67%) number of patients who belonged to the age group of 45-50 years Female were predominantly affected 50 (83.3%). Majority i.e. 53 (88.34%) had unilateral eye involvement. Of 67 samples collected 42 (62.68%) were culture positive. Gram-positive cocci (65.22%) were the predominant cause of bacterial infection than Gram-negative bacilli (34.78%). Among Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus (30.43%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.73%) and among Gram-negative bacilli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes (10.86% each) were the predominant isolates. The most effective antimicrobial agents for Gram-positive cocci were Gentamicin and Vancomycin (93.33% each) and for Gram-negative bacilli were Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid (87.25%), Ticarcillin, Imipenem, and Ceftazidime/Clavulanic acid (81.25% each). The present study highlights the need for detection of specific etiological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity which will enable the clinician in efficient patient management and avoid irrational antibiotic use.

Download Full-text

Clinical Presentation and Bacterial Etiology of Adult Community Acquired Pneumonia

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v34i3.32343 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 128-134

Author(s):

Md Abdus Salam ◽

Md Robed Amin ◽

Quazi Tarikul Islam

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽

Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Sputum Culture ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

The Mean ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Pneumonia is a worldwide, serious threat to health and an enormous socio-economic burden for health care system. According to recent WHO data, each year 3-4 million patients die from pneumonia. The clinical presentations and bacterial agents responsible for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) varies according to geography and culture.Methods: A cross sectional observational study conducted among the 53 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of CAP in admitted patient in the department of Medicine, DMCH, during January 2010 to December 2010. Hematological measurements (TC of WBC, Hb%, ESR, platelet count), blood culture, chest X-ray P/A view, sputum for Gram staining and culture sensitivity, sputum for AFB, blood urea and random blood sugar were done in all cases. ELISA for IgM antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were done in sputum culture negative cases.Results: The mean (±SD) age was 38.9±17.3 years and Male female ratio was 3:1. Fever, chest pain and productive cough were the most common clinical features. The mean (±SD) respiratory rate was 23.0±2.8 /minute . COPD and DM were found in 17.0% and 5.7% of patients respectively . Blood culture was found positive in only 1.9% of the study patients. Gram positive Cocci 62.26%, Gram negative Bacilli 9.43%, mixed Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli 11.32% and Gram negative Cocco Bacilli 1.9% were observed and in 15.03 % cases, no bacteria could be seen. Sputum culture revealed 53.8% streptococcus pneumoniae, 26.9% Klebsiella pneumonia as predominant organism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were found in 7.4% and 3.7% respectively by serological test. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, sensitive antibiotics were Amoxyclav and Levofloxacin. For Gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli, more sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem, Ceftriaxone, and Clarithromycin. The best sensitive drug were found meropenem. The mean (±SD) duration of hospital stay was 5.0±1.7 days with ranging from 3 to 10 days.Conclusion: Region based bacteroiological diagnosis of Cap is important for selecting the best and sensitive drugs for complete cure.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 128-134

Download Full-text

Culturing Periprosthetic Tissues in BacT/Alert® Virtuo Blood Culture Bottles for a Short Duration of Post-operative Empirical Antibiotic Therapy

Journal of Bone and Joint Infection ◽

10.7150/jbji.44621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

Claire Duployez ◽

Frédéric Wallet ◽

Henri Migaud ◽

Eric Senneville ◽

Caroline Loiez

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Joint Infections ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Abstract. Introduction: A post-operative empirical antibiotic therapy (PEAT) is required in periprosthetic joint infections. It commonly uses broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover most Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. It is currently continued until first microbiological results are available, no less than five days later.Methods: We performed a retrospective study in order to evaluate duration of incubation required for surgical samples using the BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture bottles system.Results: Among 216 surgical interventions and 199 clinical strains (53.8% staphylococci, 22,1% streptococci and enterococci, 14,6% Gram-negative bacilli, 5,5% anaerobes), 90.5% of the strains were detected between day 0 and day 2; 15 infective strains are cultured from day 3 including 8 Cutibacterium sp., 4 staphylococci, 2 streptococci and 1 Enterococcus.Conclusions: We suggest that the duration of PEAT in patients operated for a periprosthetic joint infection may be shortened to three days as Gram-negative rods are unlikely to grow after three days of culture by using BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture bottles. This is likely to shorten the overall length of hospital stay, to diminish the occurrence of adverse side effects, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. However, coverage of Gram-positive cocci should be maintained for 14 days until the definite culture results are available.

Download Full-text

Automated Interpretation of Blood Culture Gram Stains by Use of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01521-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kenneth P. Smith ◽

Anthony D. Kang ◽

James E. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACTMicroscopic interpretation of stained smears is one of the most operator-dependent and time-intensive activities in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Here, we investigated application of an automated image acquisition and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach for automated Gram stain classification. Using an automated microscopy platform, uncoverslipped slides were scanned with a 40× dry objective, generating images of sufficient resolution for interpretation. We collected 25,488 images from positive blood culture Gram stains prepared during routine clinical workup. These images were used to generate 100,213 crops containing Gram-positive cocci in clusters, Gram-positive cocci in chains/pairs, Gram-negative rods, or background (no cells). These categories were targeted for proof-of-concept development as they are associated with the majority of bloodstream infections. Our CNN model achieved a classification accuracy of 94.9% on a test set of image crops. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated a robust ability to differentiate between categories with an area under the curve of >0.98 for each. After training and validation, we applied the classification algorithm to new images collected from 189 whole slides without human intervention. Sensitivity and specificity were 98.4% and 75.0% for Gram-positive cocci in chains and pairs, 93.2% and 97.2% for Gram-positive cocci in clusters, and 96.3% and 98.1% for Gram-negative rods. Taken together, our data support a proof of concept for a fully automated classification methodology for blood-culture Gram stains. Importantly, the algorithm was highly adept at identifying image crops with organisms and could be used to present prescreened, classified crops to technologists to accelerate smear review. This concept could potentially be extended to all Gram stain interpretive activities in the clinical laboratory.

Download Full-text

Pattern of bacterial isolates causing neonatal septicemia along with their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.04.3524 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (04) ◽

pp. 737-741

Author(s):

Shahid Iqbal ◽

Fazal Ur Rehman ◽

Waqas Ali ◽

Sanam Bano Rajper

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Data Entry ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Neonatal Septicemia ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Empiric Antibiotic

Objectives: We planned this study to observe the pattern related to bacterial isolates causing neonatal septicemia along with their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Al Nahyan Teaching Hospital, Rawlakot. Period: From 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2018. Material & Methods: Prior to empiric antibiotic usage, blood was collected from neonates having clinical sepsis and sent for blood culture. A total of 60 neonates with culture proven sepsis were enrolled for this study. Reports of blood culture were evaluated for isolates of bacteria as well as patterns of sensitivity for frequently used antibiotics in the institution. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: A total of 60 neonates having culture proven sepsis were enrolled in the current study. Amongst these, 39 (65.0) were male and 21 (35.0%) female. Early onset of sepsis was diagnosed in most, 42 (70.0%) neonates. Majority of neonates, 50 (83.3%) were delivered in the same hospital. Gram negative isolates were found in 43 (71.7%) and 15 (25.0%) gram positive while 2 (3.3%) candida spp. In terms of pattern of antibiotic sensitivity, 4 (9.3%) isolates of gram negative were found resistant to every antibiotic routinely used while gram positive isolates showed excellent sensitivity to vancomycin. Conclusion: Gram negative isolates of organisms were found to be the most sensitive to carbepenems (especially meropenem) as well as aminoglycosides while gram positive isolates showed excellent sensitive regarding vancomycin.

Download Full-text

285. Evaluation of the ePlex® Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panels for Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S143-S143

Author(s):

Kimberle Chapin ◽

Giannoula Tansarli

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Soc Testing ◽

Percent Agreement ◽

Culture Identification ◽

Reduced Time ◽

Gram Positive Cocci ◽

Pna Fish ◽

Vitek Ms

Abstract Background Multiple methods used for blood culture identification create inconsistent to reporting of critical results. Study aim was to evaluate performance characteristics of the ePlex BCID panels compared to current standard of care (SOC) methods used in our lab. Methods Identification sensitivity and specificity were assessed across all targets detected by the ePlex as well as time to final identification (from time of bottle positive Gram stain) between ePlex and SOC testing. SOC included Xpert MRSA/SA or latex agglutination for Gram-positive cocci in clusters (GPCC), Vitek MS + Accelerate Pheno for Gram-negative rods (GNRs), serotyping or optochin disk ± Vitek MS for Gram-positive cocci in chains (GPC chains), Vitek MS or Vitek-2 for Gram-positive rods (GPR), and PNA-FISH or Vitek MS for yeasts. Results 313 unique prospective blood culture specimens were tested with ePlex BCID panels during a 3-month period (January-March 2020). The positive percent agreement was 100% for GNR (n= 98), S. aureus (n= 42), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n= 38), Group A Streptococcus (n= 3), Group B Streptococcus (n= 5), S. pneumoniae (n= 10), GPR (n= 21), and yeasts (n= 20). There was 1 false negative, (S.mutans) which should have been detected. The negative percent agreement was 100% across all targets except for 1 false positive Corynebacterium spp. In total, 6.7% of blood cultures had an off-panel organism which ePlex did not detect. The median time to final identification was 3 (2 – 4) hrs. for ePlex and calculated for all other SOC methods. Compared to SOC molecular methods, the ePlex reduced time to identification 0.5 h compared to Xpert MRSA/SA, 6.7 h compared to Accelerate Pheno for GNR (but Accelerate Pheno provides susceptibilities), and 3 h compared to PNA-FISH for yeasts (p< 0.05). ePlex compared to non-molecular techniques (MALDI-TOF), SOC for Streptococcus spp. and Enteroococcus spp., the time to final identification was reduced by 24 – 30 hours (p< 0.05). Workflow chart comparison eplex to SOC Time to results eplex vs SOC Conclusion The ePlex BCID system provided highly accurate identification results for GP and GN bacteria as well as for yeasts. Our evaluation showed that this system significantly reduced time to final identification compared to SOC testing methods. Disclosures Kimberle Chapin, MD, genmark (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Giannoula Tansarli, MD, GenMark (Grant/Research Support)

Download Full-text

Sepsis in cancer patients residing in Zimbabwe: Spectrum of bacterial and fungal aetiologies and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

10.21203/rs.2.10948/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

FRANK CHINOWAITA ◽

Wendy Chaka ◽

Tinashe K Nyazika ◽

Tendai C Maboreke ◽

Emmanuel Tizauone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Introduction: Cancer and sepsis comorbidity is a major public health problem in most parts of the world including Zimbabwe. The microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their antibiograms vary with time and locations. Knowledge on local microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their susceptibility patterns is critical in guiding empirical antimicrobial treatment choices. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study which determined the microbial aetiologies of sepsis from blood cultures of paediatric and adult cancer patients obtained between July 2016 and June 2017. The TDR-X120 blood culture system and TDR 300B auto identification machine were used for incubation of blood culture bottles and identification plus antimicrobial susceptibility testing, respectively. Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) standard breakpoints were used to interpret the antimicrobial susceptibility results. Results: A total of 142 participants were enrolled; 50 (35.2%) had positive blood cultures with 56.0% Gram positive, 42.0% Gram negative bacteria and 2.0% yeast isolates. Most common isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS) (22.0%), Escherichia coli (16.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (14.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.0%) in all cancer patients. These isolates were similar in both haematological and solid cancers. Gram negative isolates exhibited high resistance to gentamicin (61.9%) and ceftriaxone (71.4%) which are the empiric antimicrobial agents used in our setting. Amikacin and meropenem showed 85.7% and 95.2% activity respectively against all Gram negative isolates while vancomycin and linezolid were effective against 96.2% and 100.0% of all Gram positive isolates respectively. Ten (66.7%) isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive. Among Staphylococcus species it was also observed that 10/15 (66.7%) of the isolates were methicillin resistan t. Conclusions : The major microbial aetiologies of sepsis among patients with cancer in Zimbabwe were CoNS, E. coli , K. pneumoniae , E. faecalis and S. aureus . Most isolates were resistant to commonly used empirical antibiotics and there was high level of ESBL and methicillin resistance carriage. A nationwide survey on microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their susceptibility patterns would assist in the guidance of effective sepsis empiric antimicrobial treatment among patients with cancer.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of a new Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility system for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bloodstream infections: Speed and accuracy of Alfred 60 AST

10.21203/rs.2.10509/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vanesa Anton-Vazquez ◽

Adjepong Samuel ◽

Suarez Cristina ◽

Planche Timothy

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Patient Care ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Culture Bottle ◽

Gram Negative

Abstract Background Blood stream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The time from taking blood cultures to obtain results of antibiotic sensitivity can be up to five days which impacts patient care. The Alfred 60 AST™ can reduce laboratory time from positive culture bottle to susceptibility results from 16-25 hours to 5-6 hours, transforming patient care. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility system, the Alfred 60 AST™, in clinical isolates from patients with BSIs and confirm time to results. Methods 301 Gram-negative and 86 Gram-positive isolates were analysed directly from positive blood culture bottles following Gram staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility results and time-to-results obtained by rapid Alfred 60 AST system and BD Phoenix were compared . Results A total of 2,196 antimicrobial susceptibility test results (AST) were performed: 1,863 Gram-negative and 333 Gram-positive. AST categorical agreement (CA) for Alfred 60 AST™ was 95% (1772/1863) for Gram-negative and 89% (295/333) for Gram-positive isolates. Gram-negative CA: ampicillin 96% (290/301); ciprofloxacin 95% (283/297); ceftriaxone 96% (75/78); meropenem 97% (288/297); piperacillin-tazobactam 95% (280/295); gentamicin 94% (279/297) and amikacin 93% (277/298). The median time to susceptibility results from blood culture flagging positive was 6.3 h vs 20 h (p<0.01) for Alfred system vs BD Phoenix™. Conclusion Alfred 60 AST system greatly reduced time to antimicrobial susceptibility results in Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSIs with good performance and cost, particularly for Gram-negative bacteraemia.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of a new Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility system for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bloodstream infections: Speed and accuracy of Alfred 60 AST

10.21203/rs.2.10509/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Vanesa Anton-Vazquez ◽

Adjepong Samuel ◽

Suarez Cristina ◽

Planche Timothy

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Patient Care ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Rapid Diagnostics ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Culture Bottle ◽

Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Blood stream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The time from taking blood cultures to obtain results of antibiotic sensitivity can be up to five days which impacts patient care. The Alfred 60 AST™ can reduce laboratory time from positive culture bottle to susceptibility results from 16-25 hours to 5-6 hours, transforming patient care. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility system, the Alfred 60 AST™, in clinical isolates from patients with BSIs and confirm time to results. 301 Gram-negative and 86 Gram-positive isolates were analysed directly from positive blood culture bottles following Gram staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility results and time-to-results obtained by rapid Alfred 60 AST system and BD Phoenix were compared . Results: A total of 2,196 antimicrobial susceptibility test results (AST) were performed: 1,863 Gram-negative and 333 Gram-positive. AST categorical agreement (CA) for Alfred 60 AST™ was 95% (1772/1863) for Gram-negative and 89% (295/333) for Gram-positive isolates. Gram-negative CA: ampicillin 96% (290/301); ciprofloxacin 95% (283/297); ceftriaxone 96% (75/78); meropenem 97% (288/297); piperacillin-tazobactam 95% (280/295); gentamicin 94% (279/297) and amikacin 93% (277/298). The median time to susceptibility results from blood culture flagging positive was 6.3 h vs 20 h (p<0.01) for Alfred system vs BD Phoenix™. Conclusion: Alfred 60 AST system greatly reduced time to antimicrobial susceptibility results in Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSIs with good performance and cost, particularly for Gram-negative bacteraemia. Keywords: Rapid diagnostics. Bloodstream infection. Bacteraemia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria

Download Full-text

MICROBIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF OTORRHOEA FROM PEOPLE COMING TO HOSPITAL IN MAHAJANGA

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2019.61.07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

Rivo RAKOTOMALALA ◽

Patrick RANDRIANANDRAINA ◽

Tsiriniaina RAMAVOSON ◽

Fiacre RAMISARIMANANA ◽

Ainamalala Catherine RAZAFINDRAKOTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

The Other ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Ear Infections ◽

Corynebacterium Sp ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

In whole, 56 patients were included. Amidst identified microorganisms were fungus (4,7%) and bacteria (95,3%) to which Gram negative bacilli represented 72,1% (n=44), Gram positive cocci 6,4% (n=10), Gram positive bacilli 8,2% (n=5) and Gram negative cocci 3,3% (n=2). Among these bacterias, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp were predominant, with respectively 41% (n=25), 23% (n=14). However, three cases of S. aureus reported, six with negative coagulase Staphylococcus, one with Escherichia coli, one with Klebsiella sp, one with Haemophilus sp, two cases with Neisseria sp and four cases with Corynebacterium sp. Two types of cultures were noticed, one of them monomorphic (91,1%, n=51) and the other polymorphic (8,9%, n=5) to which 3 associations of P. aeruginosa-Proteus sp, 1 association of P. aeruginosa- coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 1 association of P. aeruginosa- E. coli. No resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed with Pseudomonas, Neisseria sp, Haemophilus, and enterobacteria except for E. coli. No resistance to rifampicin was observed with S. aureus. However, the sensitivity of S. aureus to ciprofloxacin decreased (one bacterium out of three). The use of rifampicin or fluoroquinolones should be based on the type of ear infections,

Download Full-text