scholarly journals Analisis Cluster K-Means Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Timur Berdasarkan Level Epidemik HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Desy Yuanita Nugroho ◽  
Arief Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cluster 2

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in East Java was not only occurred in urban areas. This is due to the population mobility and sexual lifestyles. This study aimed to classify districts/cities in East Java used Cluster K-Means analysis based on the number of high risk population that living with HIV. This study was an observational study with an analytical method. The secondary data was taken from HIV and PIMS Situation Report of the East Java Provincial Health in 2017. This study obtained 3 optimal clusters, which were 4 districts/cities in cluster 1 named alert category, 24 districts/cities in cluster 2 named standby category and 10 districts/cities in cluster 3 named alert category. Proposed suggestions based on this study were prioritized early HIV test and counseling, provided adequate care, support and treatment for people living with HIV.

scholarly journals Analisis Cluster K-Means Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Timur Berdasarkan Level Epidemik HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Desy Yuanita Nugroho ◽  
Arief Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cluster 2

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in East Java was not only occurred in urban areas. This is due to the population mobility and sexual lifestyles. This study aimed to classify districts/cities in East Java used Cluster K-Means analysis based on the number of high risk population that living with HIV. This study was an observational study with an analytical method. The secondary data was taken from HIV and PIMS Situation Report of the East Java Provincial Health in 2017. This study obtained 3 optimal clusters, which were 4 districts/cities in cluster 1 named alert category, 24 districts/cities in cluster 2 named standby category and 10 districts/cities in cluster 3 named alert category. Proposed suggestions based on this study were prioritized early HIV test and counseling, provided adequate care, support and treatment for people living with HIV.

scholarly journals Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV: A 2015–2017 Cohort from Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5746
Author(s):  
Dilbar Sadirova ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Nargiza Parpieva ◽  
Venera Barotova ◽  
Aleksandr Trubnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and TB remains a major cause of death in PLHIV. Uzbekistan is facing a substantial TB epidemic, which increases the risk of PLHIV developing active TB. Our retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and assess the risk factors for developing active TB among PLHIV. We collected secondary data extracted from medical charts of all patients, newly diagnosed at the AIDS Center in Tashkent, during the period of 2015–2017. The incidence rate of TB among PLHIV was 5.1 (95% CI: 4.5–6.0) per 1000 person/month. Adjusted regression analysis showed three major risk factors for TB, namely, being less than 15 years old (hazard ratio (HR) 5.83; 95% CI: 3.24–10.50, p value = 0.001),low CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio(aHR) 21.0; 95% CI: 9.25–47.7, p value < 0.001), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption/not receiving ART (aHR 5.57; 95% CI: 3.46–8.97 and aHR 6.2; 95% CI: 3.75–10.24, p value < 0.001, respectively) were significantly associated with developing active TB among PLHIV. Our findings indicate that taking prescribed ART without interruptions and maintaining CD4cell counts higher than 320 cells/μL are essential to prevent the development of active TB among PLHIV.

Risk Factor Of Substitution ARV First Line People Living With HIV/AIDS In General Hospital Buleleng Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Desy Puspaningrat ◽  
Gusti Putu Candra ◽  
Putu Dian Prima Kusuma Dewi ◽  
I Made Sundayana ◽  
Indrie Lutfiana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factor Substitution ◽  
Living With Hiv

Substitution is still a threat to the failure of ARV therapy so that no matter how small it must be noted and monitored in ARV therapy. The aims  was analysis risk factor substitution ARV first line in therapy ARV. This study was an analytic longitudinal study with retrospective secondary data analysis in a cohort of patients receiving ARV therapy at the District General Hospital of Buleleng District for the period of 2006-2015 and secondary data from medical records of PLHA patients receiving ART.  Result in this study that the percentage of first-line ARV substitution events is 9.88% (119/1204) who received ARV therapy for the past 11 years. Risk factors that increase the risk of substitution in ARV therapy patients are zidovudine (aOR 4.29 CI 1.31 -2.65 p 0.01), nevirapine (aOR1.86 CI 2.15 - 8.59 p 0.01) and functional working status (aOR 1.46 CI 1.13 - 1.98 p 0.01). 

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacology of Hyperammonemia by Sodium Valproate and Carbamazepine in People Living with HIV

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Martin J. Mazzoglio y Nabar ◽  
Santiago Muñoz ◽  
Milagros Muñiz ◽  
Alexis Mejías ◽  
Christian Montivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Decompensated Liver Disease ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Psychopharmacological Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractIntroductionHyperammonaemia (HA) is observed in decompensated liver disease. The picture of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in non-cirrhotic patients was reported mostly associated with valproic acid. There are few reports of hyperammonemia in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and they are associated with other comorbidities and few with antiretrovirals (HAART), but not as adverse drug reactions associated with psychotropic drugs associated with the virus.ObjectiveReport of cases of PLHIV in HARRT with hyperammonemia, its clinical impact and ammonium levels.Materials and MethodsWe report 67 PLHIV in treatment with HAART, negative viral loads, psychopharmacological treatment with valproic acid (n=45) or carbamazepine (n=22). Exclusion criteria were = HCV, HBV and alcohol consumption disorder (current or recent history) and decompensated liver pathology. We apply scales to evaluate side effects (UKU), subjective adherence (DAI), daily life activities (Barthel Index), liver severity (Child-Pugh Classification) and degrees of hepatic encephalopathy (West Haven Scale). The ethical-legal requirements were met. Results: 26.86% presented hyperammonemia, among which 38.88% was symptomatic. The clinical presentation was heterogeneous with a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal and cognitive alterations; the most severe cases presented alterations of the sensorium and 1 case of convulsions. We recorded a greater symptomatic severity with carbamazepine (average ammonia =104.4 pmol/L), but a higher prevalence of non-symptomatic hyperammonemia with valproic acid (62.3 pmol/L). The time of onset of symptoms was lower with carbamazepine, but the time until its decrease was higher with valproic acid.ConclusionsWe observed a higher prevalence of hyperammonemia and associated symptomatology in PLHIV with HAART medicated with carbamazepine. The significant percentage of this adverse drug reaction suggests a biochemical, perhaps preventive, control.

scholarly journals Survival analysis of people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a study in a teaching hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
S. Bhagyabati Devi ◽  
T. Jeetenkumar Singh ◽  
Kshetrimayum Birendra Singh ◽  
N. Biplab Singh ◽  
Robinson Ningshen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) have changed the outlook of people living with HIV (PLHIV) by transforming the dreaded infection to a chronically manageable disease. However, there is scant of reports which analyses quantitatively the survival benefit of PLHIV under ART. Objectives of this study were to determine the survival time of adult PLHIV who are on ARV. To analyse the factors determining survival outcome of PLHIV on ARV.Methods: This was an observational study in centre of excellence (COE) ART Centre, RIMS, Imphal from April 2004 to December 2009. Details from the data entered in documents of the ART programme were followed up every 3 months for 60 months from the date of initiation of ARV. All PLHIV above 18 years of age and undergoing antiretroviral therapy were included.Results: Survival rate following initiation of ARV was found to be significantly high among PLHIV. Higher CD4 count at the time of ARV initiation had better prognosis. Mortality was high among IDUs and they had high incidence of co-infections with HCV and HBV. The currently available ARV drugs under NACO programme have better suppression of HIV, are less toxic, low pill burden. The combined regimen used in the earlier days were not much inferior to the current ARV drugs if initiated timely with proper prophylaxis of OIs, good adherence, good nutrition and timely management of toxicities and IRIS.Conclusions: Timely treatment with ARV drugs provided under the national programme with good adherence and regular follow-up improves the survival of PLHIV.  

scholarly journals Call For Life, Uganda: Acceptability Of A Mobile Phone Support To Promote Adherence To Anti-Retroviral Therapy For Young Adults In A Randomised Control Trial: A Qualitative Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Bwanika Naggirinya
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND : Adherence to treatment is critical to obtain successful treatment outcomes. While factors influencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence vary, young adults are less likely to adhere because of psychosocial issues such as stigma, ART-related side effects as well as lack of access to treatment. Call for Life mHealth tool (C4LU), is a mobile phone- based technology that provides text messages or Interactive Voice Response (IVR) functionalities, through a web-interface and offers four modules including pill reminders, clinic visit reminders, health tips and symptom self-reporting support. Within a randomised control trial, we assessed perspectives and experiences of young adults living with human immunodeficiency virus towards the C4LU- system, with the objective to improve ART adherence among young people living with HIV with help of mHealth tool. OBJECTIVE To improve ART adherence among young people living with HIV through use of mHealth tool. METHODS This was an exploratory qualitative design at two study sites nested within an open label randomized controlled trial (RCT) entitled: “Improving outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients using mobile phone based interactive software support “Call for Life study A total of 600 participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to either Standard of Care (SoC)- face-to-face counsellor adherence support or SoC plus mHealth call for life system (C4LU). C4LU uses Interactive voice response or text messages delivered via mobile phone. The qualitative study explored perspectives and experiences of young adults (18-24 years) towards the mHealth tool “C4LU”. A purposive sample of twenty-one vulnerable youth, seventeen from the intervention and four from the SoC arm were selected. We used semi-structured interviews to facilitate an in-depth exploration of experiences of young adults regarding C4LU-System. Thirteen in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted. The young adults were from four categories of population of interest that were targeted to be offered specialised care: young adults on PMTCT, switching to / or on second line ART, positive partners in a discordant relationship and initiating 1st line ART. Data was managed using Nvivo version 11 and analysed thematically. RESULTS C4LU-mHealth tool was perceived as an acceptable intervention for young adults. While on the system, participants reported: improvement in medication adherence, strengthened doctor /clinician -patient relationships, increased health knowledge through educative health tips. Appointment reminders and symptom reporting were singled out as beneficial because the system would address and manage the problems of forgetfulness, and stigma related issues. CONCLUSIONS The system was described as an acceptable and feasible strategy to improve ART adherence and retention among young adults in resource limited settings CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02953080

scholarly journals Status Karies Gigi pada Pengidap HIV/AIDS

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sundah ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system, especially white blood cells called CD4 cells. Meanwhile, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome that arises due to the decline in the human immune system caused by HIV infection. Several studies showed that people living with HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of developing dental caries compared to those without HIV/AIDS. Maintenance of oral hygiene, consumption of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, and low salivary flow play a role in increasing the risk of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to determine the status of dental caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This was a literature review using the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Clinical Key. The results obtained five journals that were relevant to the topic of discussion. There was a high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS (56.78%-78.7%) and a higher average caries status (12.83±9.6, 15.14±6.09, and 11.87±8.08) compared to those without HIV/AIDS. The high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS was influenced by decreased salivary flow, use of ARVs, consumption of sweet foods, and lack of oral hygiene. In conclusion, the prevalence of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS was high.Keywords: dental caries, HIV/AIDS  Abstrak: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia kususnya sel darah putih yang disebut sel CD4 sedangkan acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sindrom yang muncul akibat menurunnya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang diakibatkan infeksi HIV. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengidap HIV/AIDS berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami karies gigi dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi mulut, konsumsi obat antiretroviral (ARV), dan aliran saliva yang rendah berperan dalam peningkatan risiko karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Database yang digunakan untuk pencarian literatur ialah Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Clinical Key. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi karies yang tinggi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS (56,78%-78,7%) dan rerata status karies lebih tinggi (12,83±9,6, 15,14±6,09, dan 11,87±8,08) dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Tingginya prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS dipengaruhi oleh penurunan laju aliran saliva, penggunaan ARV, konsumsi makanan manis, dan kurangnya menjaga kebersihan gigi mulut. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS tergolong tinggi.Kata kunci: karies gigi, HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals A Four-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study of the Predictors of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV and Receiving Care at Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Cho Sabastine Anye ◽  
Claude Ngwayu Nkfusai ◽  
Brenda Mbouamba Yankam ◽  
Frankline Sevidzem Wirsiy ◽  
Joyce Mahlako Tsoka-Gwegweni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infections place immense burdens on healthcare systems with particularly diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TB is high among opportunistic diseases and the most leading cause of death among patients with HIV/AIDS. HIV infection is the most-known risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold. We present a four-year descriptive analysis of TB in people living with HIV in the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH) from 2012-2016. Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive chart review. We conducted manual reviews of medical records of HIV/TB co-infected patients from June 2017-July 2017 at BRH

scholarly journals Implementation of social protection schemes for people living with HIV in three districts of Rajasthan state, India – a mixed methods study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
B Gowthamghosh ◽  
Rosenara Huidrom ◽  
Visvanathan Arumugam ◽  
Neeraj Pathak ◽  
Neetu Purohit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: In India, public social protection schemes for marginalized populations are extended to people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their households. Care and Support Centres (CSCs) linked to antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres play a key role in linking PLHIV to the schemes. In three districts of Rajasthan, India, we assessed the linkage of PLHIV registered at CSCs (2016–18) to social protection schemes and explored PLHIV and provider perspectives into barriers and suggested solutions for improving linkage. Methods: This was an explanatory mixed method study involving a descriptive quantitative phase using secondary data, followed by a descriptive qualitative phase involving face-to-face in-depth (five PLHIV) and key informant (three CSC staff) interviews. Results: Of 1123 registered PLHIV at CSCs, 1026 (91%) expressed willingness to avail social protection schemes. Of 1026, 94% were linked to any one scheme; 52% to Palanhar, 51% to bus fare concession and 42% to widow pension schemes. The perceived barriers were: authenticating Aadhaar number (unique identification number provided to all Indians using their registered mobile phone number), cumbersome application processes for each scheme, limited utility of travel concession, delayed and/or irregular disbursement of benefits and non-availability of comprehensive information, education and communication material with details of all schemes and their application processes. Reaching out to all PLHIV in the designated district was a huge task for outreach workers. Another important barrier was the potential disclosure of positive status to various stakeholders in order to avail the schemes. Suggested solutions were a single window default application process at ART centres with a smart card and a single pamphlet at ART centres with all the required details. Conclusions: Bus fare concession, Palanhar and widow pension schemes were the most widely accepted and linked schemes by PLHIV. Implementation barriers were identified that need to be addressed to improve the linkage.

Discrimination Against People With HIV and AIDS in the Workplace

2022 ◽  
pp. 1255-1275
Author(s):  
Chinwe Rosabelle Nwanna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Lagos State

The main thrust of the chapter was to explore the discrimination experienced by people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) in the workplace in Lagos State. A purposive sample of 80 PLHIV was selected from two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos state: Epe, a rural setting, and Lagos Mainland, an urban one. Secondary data were obtained from internet sources while primary data were collected through structured interviews September 2005–April 2006. Data were analyzed using SPSS versions 11 and 13. Data between and within the rural and urban areas were also analyzed comparatively. The results indicate that PLHIV experienced instant dismissal from offices, mandatory HIV tests, alienation, denial of promotion, and exclusion from insurance schemes. This indicates that PLHIV's rights were violated. The study recommends intensive HIV education and enforcement of national HIV policy and international legal instruments in the workplace to protect PLHIV's rights.

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