scholarly journals State Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Vinsensio Dugis (Scopus ID: 57201258125)
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Critical Moment ◽  
State Response ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Initial Attitude

In this edition, Global Strategis specifically presents articles about the experiences of seventeen different countries from various regions in the world, on how their respective governments respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus was on the first six months of 2020 as this period (January to June 2020) is considered a critical moment. It was during this period the world realizes that it is faced with a global health crisis, enforcing every  country to 'fast learning' confronting this completely new pandemic, and hence to determine the most appropriate response in confronting the difficult choice between saving people's lives or preventing the country's economic crisis. Different experiences of each country seem to suggest that above various variables affecting each of them, the initial attitude of their respective governments in assessing the deadly level of COVID-19 pandemic and the speed to act according to what is most needed are crucial factors influencing the relative success or not of the response of their respective governments. When knowing the initial information about the transmission of the virus that originated in Wuhan, China, to what extent the governments of each country see this as a force that potentially deadly outbreak? Keywords: Global Health Crisis, Pandemic Covid-19, State Response.Pada edisi ini, Global Strategis secara khusus menghadirkan tulisan tentang pengalaman tujuh belas negara dari kawasan dunia yang berbeda, bagaimana pemerintah mereka merespons pandemi COVID-19. Fokus kajian pada periode enam bulan pertama tahun 2020 karena periode ini (Januari sampai dengan Juni 2020) dianggap momen kritis. Pada periode inilah dunia mengakui mulai sedang dihadapkan pada situasi krisis kesehatan global, memaksa setiap negara ‘belajar cepat’ menghadapi pandemi yang sama sekali baru ini, untuk selanjutnya secara tepat pula menentukan respons yang paling sesuai menghadapi pilihan sulit antara menyelamatkan nyawa penduduk atau mencegah krisis ekonomi negara. Pengalaman berbeda dari berbagai negara nampaknya membawa ke suatu kesimpulan bahwa di atas kompleksitas variabel yang masing-masing memengaruhi pilihan kebijakan, nampaknya sikap awal pemerintah di dalam menilai tingkat ‘mematikan’ wabah COVID-19 serta kecepatan bertindak atas dasar kebutuhan masing-masing menjadi faktor krusial menentukan keberhasilan masing-masing negara. Ketika mengetahui informasi awal tentang adanya penularan virus yang bermula dari Wuhan, China ini, sejauh mana pemerintah masing-masing negara melihat ini sebagai kekuatan yang berpotensi sebagai wabah mematikan? Kata-kata Kunci: Krisis Kesehatan Global, Pandemi COVID-19, Respon Negara.    

scholarly journals The Covid infodemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hyland ◽  
Feng (Kevin) Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Highly Cited

Abstract Covid-19, the greatest global health crisis for a century, brought a new immediacy and urgency to international bio-medical research. The pandemic generated intense competition to produce a vaccine and contain the virus, creating what the World Health Organization referred to as an ‘infodemic’ of published output. In this frantic atmosphere, researchers were keen to get their research noticed. In this paper, we explore whether this enthusiasm influenced the rhetorical presentation of research and encouraged scientists to “sell” their studies. Examining a corpus of the most highly cited SCI articles on the virus published in the first seven months of 2020, we explore authors’ use of hyperbolic and promotional language to boost aspects of their research. Our results show a significant increase in hype to stress certainty, contribution, novelty and potential, especially regarding research methods, outcomes and primacy. Our study sheds light on scientific persuasion at a time of intense social anxiety.

scholarly journals Global Governance and the WHO’s Mandate Post-COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Vilbert
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Democratic Principle ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 has renovated the debate about global health governance. A number of scholars have proposed that the World Health Organization should assume the position of a central coordinator with hierarchical powers, demanding nation-states to “share their sovereignty”. This article presents four main objections to this project. First, when international institutions receive leverage, they use to impose “one-size-fits-all” policies, which conflicts with the characteristic heterogeny across countries. Second, geopolitical questions and the distribution of power in multilateral institutions put developing countries in a position of vulnerability within a hierarchical order. Third, the risk of crowding out parallel initiatives, especially from non-state actors. Fourth, decisions about health can have a major impact on countries, which may thwart the internal democratic principle. A Pareto improvement would be possible by strengthening the WHO’s operational capacity and its ability to issue technical guidance and coordinate with countries. To test this hypothesis, this study analyses the possible influence of the WHO’s guidance in the first year of the coronavirus health crisis, from January 2020 to January 2021, in 37 countries reported in the World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017-2020). The OLS regression performed shows a statistically significant negative relationship between the trust in the WHO, assumed as a proxy for the level of the organization's penetration, and the number of cases of COVID-19 (per million people) in the countries of the sample. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that there is a valid case for the countries to strengthen the WHO’s mandate post-COVID-19, but they should enhance the operations of provision of reliable information and support. Nation-states, in particular the developing ones, should eschew the temptation to create a hierarchical global health structure, which may not only fail due to countries’ asymmetries but is likely to create losers in the process.

scholarly journals Needs assessment and impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy professionals in 31 commonwealth countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
◽  
Amy Hai Yan Chan ◽  
Omotayo Olaoye ◽  
Victoria Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The declaration of COVID-19 a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 marked the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented nature and scale. The approach taken by countries across the world varied widely, however, the delivery of frontline healthcare was consistently recognised as being central to the pandemic response. This study aimed to identify and explore the issues currently facing pharmacy teams across Commonwealth countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also evaluates pharmacy professionals’ understanding of key knowledge areas from the COVID-19 webinar hosted by the Commonwealth Pharmacists’ Association (CPA). Method A quantitative survey-based approach was adopted, using a 32-item questionnaire developed from the literature on pharmacy and pandemic response. The survey was hosted on Survey Monkey and pilot tested. The final survey was disseminated by CPA member organisations. A 6-item online questionnaire was sent via email to all attendees of CPA's COVID-19 webinar. Descriptive statistics on frequency distributions and percentages were used to analyse the responses. Data were analysed using Microsoft® Excel (2010). Results There were 545 responses from pharmacy professionals across 31/54 Commonwealth countries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Majority of the respondents reported being at least somewhat worried (90%) and more than 65% were very worried or extremely about the impact of COVID-19 on them personally and professionally. Nearly two-thirds of respondents stated finding it somewhat difficult or very difficult to work effectively during the pandemic. Challenges mostly faced by pharmacy professionals working remotely included; general anxiety about the impact of COVID-19 on their lives (12%), and difficulties in communicating with their co-workers (12%). Most pharmacy professionals had not previously been actively involved in a global health emergency (82%) nor obtained training on global/public health emergency preparedness (62%). Between 45 and 97% of the COVID-19 webinar attendees provided the correct answers to post-webinar questions, suggesting some improvement in knowledge. Conclusion Our study confirms pharmacy professionals’ concerns about practice during a pandemic and provides preliminary data on the challenges and learning needs of the profession. The CPA has since acted on these findings, providing ongoing opportunities to develop and refine resources for the profession as the pandemic evolves. Pharmacy professionals have also demonstrated improved knowledge on the management of COVID-19 and resources available for professionals.

scholarly journals The World Health Organization in Crisis—Lessons to be Learned Beyond the Ebola Outbreak

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Meisterhans
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Do So

Blaming the World Health Organization (who) for its failures in the Ebola crisis was a common reaction of the media. However, exclusively denouncing the who for the spread of Ebola falls short as it does not recognize the structural deficits of those recent governance procedures financing global health that lead to a chronic underfunding of the who. Against this background, the article reflects perspectives of a democratic reform of global health funding. It concludes that only the who can provide a leadership on global health matters, but to do so it depends on states willing to rebuild the who’s capacities to act. To address the global health crisis properly, the revitalization of who’s constitutional mandate is critically necessary. The discussion is based on normative legal theory, which argues that processes of globalization have transformed international law into a global rule of law, placing specific duties on states and international institutions.

scholarly journals Doctoral Candidates’ Academic Writing Output and Strategies: Navigating the Challenges of Academic Writing During a Global Health Crisis

10.28945/4755 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 291-317
Author(s):  
Basil Cahusac de Caux
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Doctoral Candidates

Aim/Purpose: To date, few studies have investigated the impact of global health crises on the academic writing of doctoral candidates. This paper seeks to start a conversation about the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on doctoral candidates’ academic writing output and strategies. Background: This paper employs and analyses data elicited from surveys and interviews involving doctoral candidates from around the world. Data were collected during April 2020, at a time when government-mandated lockdowns and restrictions on movement were in full force in many countries around the world. Methodology: Surveys were conducted with 118 doctoral candidates from over 40 institutions based in four continents. Follow-up interviews were carried out with four doctoral candidates enrolled in an Australian institution. A qualitative descriptive design, employing thematic analysis, is used to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctoral candidates’ writing output and strategies. The data analysis includes statistical descriptions of the surveys. Contribution: This paper provides insights into the myriad challenges and obstacles facing doctoral candidates during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the writing strategies adopted by doctoral candidates during a period of significant societal disruption, and illustrates how thematic analysis can be employed in research involving global health crises. Findings: Despite the adoption of novel approaches to academic writing, which appear in an insignificant minority of respondents, doctoral candidates’ overall commitment to academic writing has been negatively impacted by the pandemic. Similarly, delays to academic research activities caused by the pandemic have resulted in a significant decline in commitment (motivation) to academic writing and a substantial impact on doctoral candidates’ ability to write about their research. Recommendations for Practitioners: Supervisors and mentors should strive to provide doctoral candidates with timely feedback during the pandemic. Given the impact of the pandemic on doctoral candidates’ mental health and motivation to write, increased institutional and peer support is required to help doctoral candidates overcome academic issues during the pandemic and future health crises. This researcher recommends consulting regularly with and offering individually tailored solutions to doctoral candidates who are struggling to work on their theses during the pandemic. Similarly, institutions should empower supervisors in ways that allow them to provide greater levels of support to doctoral candidates. Recommendation for Researchers: Further research on the impacts of the pandemic on various academic cohorts, such as early career researchers (doctoral candidates, postdoctoral researchers, and assistant professors) and student cohorts (e.g., undergraduate and postgraduate), will clarify the extent to which the pandemic is impacting the academic writing of doctoral candidates. Impact on Society: The pressure placed on doctoral candidates to produce quality academic writing seems to have been heightened by the pandemic. This has a range of adverse effects for the higher education sector, particularly administrators responsible for managing doctoral candidate success and the academe, which recruits many of its faculty from holders of doctorate degrees. Future Research: Additional focus on academic writing of doctoral candidates during the pandemic is needed. Research should include randomised samples and represent a range of academic disciplines.

scholarly journals COVID-19 E OS IMPACTOS NA INDÚSTRIA PETROLÍFERA: CONSIDERAÇÕES INICIAIS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Global Health ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Market Changes

SINOPSE Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos iniciais da Covid-19 nos mercados globais de petróleo. A atual conjuntura possui a particularidade de apresentar alterações de mercado tanto na demanda, por efeitos das medidas de contenção da crise sanitária global, quanto na oferta, como resultado das disputas entre grandes produtores de petróleo, em particular Arábia Saudita e Rússia. Considera-se que os efeitos da pandemia podem resultar em profundas transformações para o setor petrolífero e a economia mundial, a depender da duração e dos desdobramentos da crise. ABSTRACT This article analyzes the initial impacts of Covid-19 on global oil markets. The current situation has the particularity of presenting market changes both in demand, due to the measures to contain the global health crisis, and in supply, as a result of the disputes between large oil producers, in particular Saudi Arabia and Russia. It is considered that the effects of the pandemic may result in profound changes for the oil sector and the world economy, depending on the duration and developments of the crisis.

scholarly journals The BRICS response to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Pedro Fonseca ◽  
Samuel Spellmann ◽  
Lucas Gualberto Do Nascimento ◽  
Elena Bastrykina ◽  
Arindam Das
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
International Health ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree

Since late 2019, SARS-CoV2 pandemic has spread worldwide. After several generations without a severe pandemic, the mixture of health and economic crisis has hit populations in all continents. The high degree of connectivity that States share, enabled by the current transportation and communication technologies, caused different regions of the world to be affected by coronavirus disease at almost the same time. Yet States responses to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic were not the same. This brief focuses on the BRICS countries individual, bilateral and collective responses to the international health crisis caused by coronavirus disease, from the early detection of COVID-19 cases in China in late December 2019 to the current surge of cases in Brazil.

scholarly journals The Visegrad Four in Times of Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Anna Chetverikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Future Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The Eu

The article contains an analysis of the Visegrad Group’s approaches to the world financial and economic crisis of 2008 and the pandemic in 2020. The reasons which determined the increase of the Four’s importance in the EU during periods of global distress for a number of economic indicators are outlined. Special attention is paid to the economic dynamics of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic in 2020 in comparison to the time of crisis of 2008-2009 and to the factors influencing the response of countries to the complementary economic issues. The transformation of trade and investment relations within the Visergad Group during the crisis periods is considered. The reasons for changes inside the group are identified. The conclusion is drawn that external challenges cause the weakening of relations within the Four in several areas; the Visegrad market can not fully play the compensatory role for its members in emergency conditions. However, the opportunity for expanding relations within the Group in the future is not excluded. The results of the experts’ survey on the attitudes of the Four during periods of external challenges, relations within the Visegrad Group and directions for future development are presented.

scholarly journals Protocol for a Rapid Scoping Review of Evidence of Outdoor Transmission of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Weed ◽  
Abby Foad
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Outdoor Transmission ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mass Participation ◽  
National Governments

The COVID-19 pandemic is both a global health crisis, and a civic emergency for national governments, including the UK. As countries across the world loosen their lockdown restrictions, the assumption is generally made that the risk of COVID-19 transmission is lower outdoors, and this assumption has shaped decisions about what activities can re-commence, the circumstances in which they should re-commence, and the conditions under which they should re-commence. This is important for events and activities that generate mass gatherings, particularly mass participation sports events such as running, but also events in other sectors such as concerts, carnivals and festivals. This paper sets out a protocol for a rapid scoping review of evidence of incidents of outdoor transmission of COVID-19, including the settings, environments and circumstances of such transmission, and their comparative prevalence to incidents of indoor transmission. Its purpose is to inform discussions about the recommencement of activities that generate mass gatherings.

The Contagion Next Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
American Society

In a few short months, COVID-19 devastated the world and, in particular, the United States. Yet America was already in poor health before COVID-19 appeared. Racism, marginalization, socioeconomic inequality—the failure to address these forces left America vulnerable to COVID-19 and the ensuing global health crisis it became. This book articulates the foundational forces shaping health in American society and how they can be strengthened to prevent the next outbreak from becoming a pandemic. Because while no one could have predicted that a pandemic would strike when it did, we did know that a pandemic would strike, sooner or later. The book challenges Americans to tackle the deep-rooted obstacles preventing them from becoming a truly vibrant and equitable nation, reminding them of what they seemed to have forgotten: that health is a public good worth protecting.

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