scholarly journals Potensi Sedasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) terhadap Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) [Sedation Potential Essential Oil of Bandotan Leaf (Ageratum conyzoides) to Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio)]

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Ade Wahyu Pratama ◽  
Laksmi Sulmartiwi ◽  
Boedi Setya Rahardja
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Time In Treatment ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

                                                              AbstrakTransportasi ikan berhubungan dengan metode pembiusan. Pembiusan ini dilakukan untuk menurunkan metabolisme atau keaktifan (sedative). Metabolisme yang tinggi selama transportasi dapat diminimalkan dengan menggunakan metode imotilisasi. Dengan suhu atau senyawa metabolik, bahan antimetabolik alami yang dapat digunakan adalah tanaman bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides). Bandotan merupakan tanaman obat yang mengandung minyak atsiri dan saponin (Kardono, 2003). Pada bidang perikanan, untuk mengurangi stres pada ikan dan juga digunakan menenangkan serta penurunan keaktifan (sedative) atau obat analgesik yang digunakan pada hewan vertebrata (Neiffer and Stamper, 2009). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi sedasi pemberian minyak atsiri daun bandotan terhadap ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio). Hasil analisis varian (ANAVA) menunjukkan bahwa setiap perlakuan minyak atsiri daun bandotan memberikan pengaruh terhadap waktu pingsan, waktu pulih sadar dan tachiventilasi (p<0,05). Rentang waktu pingsan tercepat pada perlakuan I saat menit ke- 27-30 dan rentang waktu pingsan terlama pada perlakuan D saat menit ke- 55. Rentang waktu pulih sadar tercepat pada perlakuan D saat menit ke- 5 dan rentang waktu pulih sadar terlama pada perlakuan I saat menit ke- 15-18. Rata-rata tachiventilasi tertinggi pada perlakuan A pada pengamatan menit ke- 60 (810 bit/5 menit) dan terendah pada I (343 bit/5 menit) pada pengamatan menit ke- 60. Berdasarkan pengukuran kualitas air yaitu suhu air antara 29-31o C, oksigen terlarut 6 ppm, pH berkisar 8-8,3 dan amoniak 0,02-0,27 mg/l.                                                                  AbstractTransportation of fish associated with the method of anesthesia. Anesthesia is done to decrease metabolism or liveliness (sedative). A high metabolism during transport can be minimized by using imotilisasi. Imotilisasi can be done by using a low temperature or chemical or natural metabolic compounds (Soedibya and Pramono, 2006). Antimetabolic natural ingredients that can be used is a plant bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides). Bandotan is a medicinal plant that contains essential oils and saponins (Kardono, 2003). In the field of fisheries, to reduce stress on the fish and also used a calming as well as a decrease in the activity (sedative) or analgesic drugs used in vertebrate animals (Neiffer and Stamper, 2009). The purpose of this study to determine the potential for sedation administration bandotan leaf essential oil to the koi (Cyprinus carpio). Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that each treatment bandotan leaf essential oil to give effect to the time unconscious, conscious and tachiventilasi recovery time (p<0.05). Range fastest time in treatment I fainted while 27-30 minutes and the longest time span in treatment D fainted while 55 minute span of the fastest recovering conscious at the time of treatment D 5 minutes and recovered aware longest time span in treatment I while 15-18 minutes. The highest average tachiventilasi on treatment A on the 60 minute observation (810 bits / 5 min) and the lowest in the I (343 bits / 5 min) on minute 60 observation. Based on the measurement of water quality is the water temperature between 29-31o C, dissolved oxygen is 6 ppm, pH ranged from 8 to 8.3 and ammonia 0.02 to 0.27 mg / l

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Larutan Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Pasca Transportasi [Influence Use Of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) To Rate Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Blood Glucose After Transportation]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Laksmi Sulmartiwi, Sri Harweni, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, Rr. Juni Triastuti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Fish Blood

Abstract Transportation makes stress for fish because of high density and decreasing of water quality. Stress can increase blood glucose. Bandotan have Ca blocking effect. The Ca blocking effect occur in reticulum endoplasmic in smooth muscle. This research aimed to identify bandotan leaf effect in transport medium on blood glucose of koi fish post transportation and to identify best dosage of bandotan leaf on koi fish tranport medium to decrease the blood glucose of koi fish post transportation. Research method used was experimental. Treatment used was providign different bandotan leaf dossage: A (0 g/L), B (0.45 g/L), C (0,9 g/L), D (1.35 g/L) and E (1.8 g/L) and each treatment was repeaetd four times. Main parameter observed in this research was koi fish blood glucose every eight hours for twenty four hours and supporting parameter consisted of: water quality and fish mortality rate. Then the data obtained were prepared using ANOVA, continued by Dunnett Test and then by Duncan’s Multiple Distance. Research result shwoed that bandotan leaf supply in transport medium had no effect on koi fish blood glucose post transportation and highest dosage of bandotan leaf in transport medium on blood glucose of koi fish post transportation was 0.45 g/L.

scholarly journals Anesthesia and transport of fat snook Centropomus parallelus with the essential oil of Nectandra megapotamica(Spreng.) Mez

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Simoni Moraes Tondolo ◽  
Lúcio de Paula Amaral ◽  
Larissa Novaes Simões ◽  
Quelen Iane Garlet ◽  
Bianca Schindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Fat Snook

This study analyzed the chemical composition and anesthetic potential of essential oil (EO) of Nectandra megapotamica in fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). For the extraction of EO by hydrodistillation, leaves were separated in young (EO-Y) or old (EO-O), and the chemical composition of the EOs was determined by CG-MS. The anesthetic potential was assessed by the evaluation of induction and recovery time of anesthesia and stress response from anesthesia and transport. Three experiments were carried out: i) four different concentrations of each EO were tested to evaluate anesthesia induction and recovery time; ii) two concentrations of EO-O were tested for the evaluation of its effects on stress parameters (glucose, lactate, and Na+ and K+ plasma levels) caused by anesthesia; and iii) fish were transported in plastic bags, supplied with two concentrations of EO-O for the evaluation of water quality and mortality. All experiments were performed on fish acclimated to 0 and 33 ppt salinity. The main constituents of the Y and O-EOs were bicyclogermacrene (46.5/34.6%), α-pinene (26.8/26.2%), β-pinene (7.9/12.3%), and germacrene D (9.6/9.1%). Mild sedation was achieved at 30 °L L-1(1.3-3.2 min) and deep anesthesia at 150 °L L-1(5.6-8.0 min) with both EOs. The recovery time ranged from 1-10 min. The EO-O was not able to avoid the stress of anesthesia evidenced by elevated glucose and lactate plasma levels observed in all groups. Plasma levels of Na+ and K+ were not significantly affected by treatments. During transport, the use of EO-O did not prevent deterioration in water quality and the post-transport mortality. In conclusion, the EO of N. megapotamica has anesthetic activity in fat snook, but it was not able to prevent the stress of anesthesia and transport.

scholarly journals Effects of Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw) leaf essential oil as a dietary supplement on growth performance and haematological and biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Sabri Kesbiç ◽  
Vincenzo Parrino ◽  
Ümit Acar ◽  
Sevdan Yilmaz ◽  
Giuseppe Lo Paro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
The Common

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the most farmed freshwater fish worldwide. In recent years, use of natural products in fish diets has become popular in aquaculture, to improve fish health and growth performance. The present study investigated the effects of essential oil from the leaves of Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa; CMEO) on growth performance and blood parameters in common carp fingerlings. Identification of 96.1% of the CMEO total volatile components was achieved, with the highest contents for terpinen-4-ol and α-pinene, at 22.9% and 47.7%, respectively. After 60 days of feeding of the fingerlings with supplemented diets without CMEO (CMEO 0%) and with CMEO at 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%, the best growth performance was seen for those fish fed with the CMEO 0.5% diet. No significant differences were seen for the haematological parameters and blood cell indices versus CMEO 0%. Serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were significantly reduced in the fingerlings fed with the CMEO 0.5% diet versus CMEO 0%. Thus, CMEO oil as a 0.5% dietary supplement can be used to improve the growth performance and health status of the common carp without any adverse effects seen.

scholarly journals Bioaktivitas Minyak Atsiri Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Terhadap Respon Fisiologis (Glukosa Darah Dan Tachiventilasi) Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) [Bioactivity Essential Oil Of Bandotan Leaf (Ageratum conyzoides) On Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Physiological Responses (Blood Glucose And Tachiventilation) ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Laksmi Sulmartiwi, Mardiah Rahma Umami, Moch. Amin Alamsjah, Sri Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Observation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Range Test

Abstract Koi (C. carpio) is one of famous ornamental fish in Indonesia. Fish often be subject of change or stessor like physical, chemical and biology on culture. Stress in fish caused released cortisol hormone and cathecolamine hormone. Cathecolamine increase glicogenolisis, cardiovascular regulation and respiration fungtion. Blood glucose and tachiventilation (opercular movement) can indicate stress respon in fish. Essential oil of A. conyzoides have central analgesic activity. Analgesic drugs in vertebrae can reduce stress in fish. Essential oil shown inhibitory effect of GABA transminase, an enzime GABA (gammaaminobutryic acid) degradation which can provoking sedation. Sedation effect in fish reduce blood glucose and tachiventilation. Potency bioactive essential oil of bandotan leaf compound haven’t been know in aquaculture. The potency based of LC50 (Lethal Consentration 50 %) value Purpose of this research determined effect of essential oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf on Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Phsycology Response (Blood Glucose and Tachiventilation) every 4 hours durung 24 hours and LC50-24 hours. Research was conducted at Laboratory of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University Surabaya. Research design used Completely Randomized Design and followed by Duncan's Multiple range test. Results of analysis of variance (ANAVA) from early observation and every 4 hours during 24 hours day showed that each treatment of essential oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf gave a significantly different effect on the blood glucose and tachiventilation (P <0.05). The highest average of blood glucose was found in D treatment at second observation (443,67 mg/dl) and the lowest was found in C treatment (60,67 mg/dl). The highest average of tachiventilation was found in D treatment at first observation (1730 bit/9 minute) and the lowest was found in A treatment (437,67 bit/9 minute) at early observation. LC50-24 hours essenial oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf is 34,047 ppm. Based on measurements of water quality, treatments was still viable and good to supported viability of Cyprinus carpio during research, water temperature range between 29-31oC, range of dissolved oxigen 4-6 mg/l, pH ranges 7,5-8,3 and 0,0060,27 mg/l on ammonia.

Anti-Neuropathic Pain Activity of Ageratum conyzoides L due to The Essential Oil Components

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan ◽  
Kusnandar Anggadiredja ◽  
I Ketut Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Chronic Constriction Injury ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Oil Components

Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the contributors to the global burdens of illness. At present many patients do not achieve satisfactory pain relief even with synthetic pain-killers. Taking this into consideration, it is necessary to search for natural product-derived alternative treatment with confirmed safety and efficacy. Ageratum conyzoides L is a plant often used as analgesic in Indonesia, however, anti-neuropathic pain activity of this plant is still unknown. Objective: To determine the anti-neuropathic pain activity of the essential oil and non-essential oil component (distillation residue) of A. conyzoides L. Methods: We conducted separation of the essential oil component from other secondary metabolites through steam distillation. Both components were tested for anti-neuropathic pain activity using chronic constriction injury animal models with thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia tests. The animals were divided into 7 test groups namely normal, sham, negative, positive (pregabalin at 0.195 mg/20 g BW of mice), essential oil component (100 mg/kg BW), and non-essential oil component (100 mg/kg BW). Naloxone was tested against the most potent anti-neuropathic pain component (essential oil or nonessential oil) to investigate the involvement of opioid receptor. Results: The GC-MS of the essential oil component indicated the presence of 60 compounds. Meanwhile, non-essential oil components contained alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, quinone, steroid, and triterpenoid. This non-essential oil component contained a total flavonoid equivalent to 248.89 ppm quercetin. The anti-neuropathic pain activity test showed significantly higher activity of the essential oil component compared to the non-essential oil component and negative groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, the essential oil component showed equal activity to pregabalin (p>0.05). However, this activity was abolished by naloxone, indicating the involvement of opioid receptor in the action of the essential oil component. Conclusion: The essential oil component of A. conyzoides L is a potential novel substance for use as anti-neuropathic pain.

Chemical Composition and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of leaf essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianus Benth., and isolation of the major constituent of oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navadha Bhatt ◽  
Navabha Joshi ◽  
Kapil Ghai ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Total Oil

Background: The Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is one of the most diverse and widespread plant families’ in terms of ethno medicine and its medicinal value is based on the volatile oils concentration. This family is important for flavour, fragrance and medicinal properties. Manyplants belonging to this family have indigenous value. Method: The essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianusBenth. (Lamiaceae), was analysed by GC and GC-MS analysis, while the major component was isolated and conformed by NMR spectroscopy. Result: The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, which contribute around 62% of the total oil. The major components identified were fenchone (22.90%) and carvenone oxide (16.75%), besides other mono and sesquiterpenoids. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil was tested against three gram negative bacteria viz. Pasteurellamultocida, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, two gram positive bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two fungi viz. Candida albicans and Aspergillusflavus. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was also compared to the antimicrobial activity of leaf essential oil of another Himalayan plant viz. Nepetacoerulescens. Conclusion: The oil showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against all the microbial strains and can lessen the ever-growing demand of potentially hazardous antibiotics for treatment.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Five Species of Cinnamomum Growing Wild in North Central Vietnam

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do N. Dai ◽  
Nguyen T. Chung ◽  
Le T. Huong ◽  
Nguyen H. Hung ◽  
Dao T.M. Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mosquito Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Members of the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) have aromatic volatiles in their leaves and bark and some species are commercially important herbs and spices. In this work, the essential oils from five species of Cinnamomum (C. damhaensis, C. longipetiolatum, C. ovatum, C. polyadelphum and C. tonkinense) growing wild in north central Vietnam were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by gas chromatography and screened for antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity. The leaf essential oil of C. tonkinense, rich in β-phellandrene (23.1%) and linalool (32.2%), showed excellent antimicrobial activity (MIC of 32 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) and larvicidal activity (24 h LC50 of 17.4 μg/mL on Aedes aegypti and 14.1 μg/mL against Culex quinquefasciatus). Cinnamomum polyadelphum leaf essential oil also showed notable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mosquito larvicidal activity, attributable to relatively high concentrations of neral (11.7%) and geranial (16.6%). Thus, members of the genus Cinnamomum from Vietnam have shown promise as antimicrobial agents and as potential vector control agents for mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Fish Diets on the Water Quality in Semi-Intensive Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Farming

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
László Berzi-Nagy ◽  
Attila Mozsár ◽  
Flórián Tóth ◽  
Dénes Gál ◽  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Semi-intensive common carp (Cyprinus carpio) farm technology uses several feed types affecting the growth performance; however, we know less about their long-term effects on water quality. Herein, we evaluated the effects of three commonly used feeds—moderate levels of fish meal and fish oil feed (FF), plant meal and plant oil feed (PF), and cereal feed (CF) on the nutrient (total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM)) content of the pond water. The experiment was carried out over three consecutive years from juveniles to market-sized fish. The type of feed affected the net yields, but generally, it did not affect the water quality. The year of sampling, however, was a significant factor affecting TN, TP, and OM, whose concentrations decreased during the three years. Our findings highlight that the age of the stocked fish on water quality has a more pronounced effect than the nutrient profile of the supplementary feed. Additionally, the plant-based feed could provide comparable net yields as the fish meal-based feed without additional nutrient loading in the water column, reinforcing the sustainability of alternative feeds in semi-intensive carp farming.

scholarly journals Composition and biological assays of the leaf essential oil of Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Bak

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakayode O. Odeja ◽  
Michael Gabriel Ibok ◽  
Ejike O. Okpala
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Abstract Background Asparagus flagellaris leaves are ethnomedicinally used to treat syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with no reports on the volatile constituents. This study was aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively characterise the composition of essential oil, evaluates the free radical scavenging and antimicrobial capacity of the essential oil. Methods The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation method using all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus, while the identification and quantification of constituents were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antioxidant activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was evaluated and the oil was also tested against 10 strains of microorganisms consisting of 6 bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and 4 fungi: Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp. using broth dilution and surface plate methods, respectively. Results A pale yellow essential oil with a characteristic scent was obtained, with a yield of 0.80% (w/w). A total of 28 compounds accounting for 97.41% of the total oil contents were identified. The oil was predominated by Thymol and its derivatives, accounting for 57.48%. The most abundance (% area) constituents of the essential oil were 5-Thymyl tiglate (18.49%), Thymyl-2-methyl butyrate (17.34%), Thymol hydroquinone dimethyl ether (10.52%), Thymol methyl ether (9.42%) and 5-Propyl-1, 3-benzodioxole (4.59%). The essential oil showed a significant free radical scavenging activity compared to the standard antioxidant drugs used in this study, with % inhibition varying from 88.06 ± 0.0001 to 93.05 ± 0.0006. The leaf essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity on all the tested organisms at 500–125 μg/mL, with an 18–10 mm inhibitory zone. Conclusion The leaf essential oil of A. flagellaris contains notable chemical compounds responsible for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

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