Oxidation Lipid on Fish Cake Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Dissolved in The Extract of Bay Leaf (Eugenia polyantha)

Catfish (Pangasius sp.) As a source of animal protein. Fish catfish have a thick white meat so that it can be processed into a wide range of diversified products. The process of fried fish cake can result in fat or autooxidation process. Autooxidation can be inhibited by the presence of antioxidant compounds. One source of natural antioxidants are bay leaf Eugenia polyantha.This research was carried out by experimental methods and the use of experimental design of randomized Complete Design (RAL). RAL is used when the material and condition of the experiment are homogeneous. This research consists of four concentrations of extract treatment bay leaf, namely 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%. Fish cake has been fried done soaking for 30 minutes. Water content showed no significant difference (p> 0.05) at 24 hours to 28, this indicated that the addition of bay leaf extract did not affect the moisture content during storage. The high water content at 0 hour is caused by the process of soaking the fish cake in the extract solution. The highest value is shown by the concentration of 30% at the hour to 0 that is 52.78%, this indicates that the fish cake by soaking can meet the quality score SNI 7757:2013 which is a maximum of 60%. The fat content in the fish cake continues to decrease, indicating the occurrence of oxidation during storage. Levels of TBA in fish cake continue to increase that can be slowed by the extract of bay leaves with a concentration of 30%.

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Distributive Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms at Wetland on Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia (E1483)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2624 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 2624-2629 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ji Zhao ◽

Hui Min ◽

Yu Qin Shao ◽

Zi Long Zhao ◽

Qi Ming Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

High Water ◽

Animal Manure ◽

High Water Content ◽

Mongolian Plateau ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Air Ventilation ◽

Survival And Reproduction

This research is to study the distributive characteristics of soil microorganisms at river wetland on Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the quantities distribution of various floras of soil microorganisms in different plots (such as bump-top and in-between-bumps in enclosed and grazing regions, low floodplain and high floodplain) at wetland of the Xilin River are the same, which is bacteria＞actinomycetes＞fungi.In enclosed region, the amounts of bacteria are higher than that of other regions. Since is under natural restoration process in enclosed region, there is no significant difference between bump-top and in-between-bumps. At bump-top, it is seasonally flooded, and at in-between-bumps, there is always ponded water to cause high water content. Since high water content is not in favor to the survival of actinomycetes, the number of actinomycetes at bump-top is higher than that at in-between-bumps. Though there is low requirement of water for fungi, the number of fungi at bump-top is higher than that at in-between-bumps. In grazing region, there are more soil microorganisms at bump-top due to shorter flooded time and better air ventilation. At bump-top, organic matter is much richer, due to resupplied from animal manure, withered grass and falling leaves, which is in favor to the reproduction of actinomycetes and fungi. Since there are mostly hydrophilic plants and less biodiversity at in-between-bumps, the number of soil microorganisms is smaller. In floodplain region, the amount of bacteria at low floodplain is higher than that at high floodplain, due to higher water content, which is in favor to the reproduction of bacteria. Actinomycetes are basophilic bacteria. The amount of actinomycetes at low floodplain is higher than that at high floodplain, since high water content has led low floodplain to alkali soil. The amount of fungi at high floodplain is higher due to more suitable environment for survival and reproduction.

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Optimalization of multiresidue method for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits

Progress in Plant Protection ◽

10.14199/ppp-2021-025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 221-238

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

High Water ◽

High Water Content ◽

Detector Response ◽

Wide Range ◽

Comprehensive Determination ◽

Selective Detectors ◽

Active Substances

The main aim of this study was to optimize the QuEChERS methodology for the comprehensive determination of pesticide residues using a simple and inexpensive gas chromatography equipped with selective detectors working simultaneously (GC-ECD/NPD). The method was validated in accordance with the SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines. Representative fruit matrices were chosen from the commodities group with high water content (apples), and with high acidity and high water content (strawberry) for a 160 compounds in the range of 0.005−0.02 mg/kg. The accuracy of the method was as required (recovery: 70–120%, precision: below 20%) for 135 active substances in apples samples and 137 in strawberries samples. The main advantages of the methodology include: good detector response linearity (R2 above 0.995), low limits of detection (0.005 mg/kg for more than 20 compounds, 0.01 mg/kg for about 120 compounds), possibility of simultaneous determination of a wide range of compounds (including some “difficult” ones) without use of a single residue methods. The simultaneous use of two selective detectors allows to obtain more data during a single dose of the sample and confirmation of the result for most compounds, which allows to prevent false positives ones.

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Assessment of Degree of Maturity of Compost Produced by Different Kitchen Waste Composting Methods

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1642 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 652-654 ◽

pp. 1642-1651 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kuang Hung Cheng ◽

Mei Chuan Huang ◽

Mei Fang Lu ◽

Ya Jung Chou ◽

Jim Jui Min Lin

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

High Water ◽

High Water Content ◽

Maturity Level ◽

Germination Test ◽

Kitchen Waste ◽

Aerobic Composting ◽

Minimum Requirement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Degree Of Maturity

Kitchen waste in general has high water content with various plant required nutrients and organic matters but is non-toxic, and therefore, it is a good composting material. Three different composting methods were applied for experiments twice, which are mechanical aerobic composting, simple bucket composting, and fast composting processor, by using the same source of kitchen waste as the raw composting material. No significant difference was found between the compositions of the two kitchen waste samples. The major components of the two kitchen waste samples of this study were water content (averaged 72.7%), followed by combustible constituent (about 25.6%). The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio was between 15 and 25. Since the operation and parameters of these three composting methods were different, the compositions of compost products were different. Among these three composting methods, compost produced by the simple bucket composting method had the highest water content (an average of 25%), while compost by the fast composting processor had the lowest (about 11%). For C/N ratio, compost produced by the fast composting processor had the highest C/N ratio (an average of 26), compost by the mechanical aerobic composting method the second (about 22), and compost by the bucket composting method the lowest (about 12). It is stipulated by the Council of Agriculture that for the miscellaneous types of compost, the C/N ratio should be between 10 and 20 to ensure that the compost has reached maturity. For the germination test, compost produced by the mechanical aerobic composting method had an average of 84%, compost by the fast composting processor had 81%, and compost by the bucket composting method had an average of 95%. Although all three methods can yield compost with a maturity level greater than the minimum requirement (80%), compost produced by the simple bucket method had better maturity. When comparing the three compost samples produced by different methods to the standards given by the Council of Agriculture, only the simple bucket compost qualified all the criteria.

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Fluorescence sensors for detection of water based on tetraphenylethene–anthracene possessing both solvatofluorochromic properties and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj00186h ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 4164-4173

Author(s):

Yuta Mise ◽

Keiichi Imato ◽

Takashi Ogi ◽

Nao Tsunoji ◽

Yousuke Ooyama

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

High Water ◽

Fluorescence Sensor ◽

High Water Content ◽

Fluorescence Sensors ◽

Aggregation Induced Emission ◽

Emission Enhancement ◽

Wide Range ◽

Water Based

TPE-(An-CHO)4 has been developed as an SFC (solvatofluorochromism)/AIEE (aggregation-induced emission enhancement)-based fluorescence sensor for detection of water over a wide range from low to high water content regions in solvents.

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Pengaruh Perendaman Kulit Buah Cokelat (Theobroma cacao)Terhadap Kualitas Minyak Goreng Bekas

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v5i3.2147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mulia Aria Suzanni ◽

Dina Akmila ◽

Raihanaton Raihanaton ◽

Rizki Andalia ◽

Saudah Saudah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

High Water ◽

Acid Number ◽

Peroxide Number ◽

High Water Content ◽

Waste Oil

The use of waste oil that can cause health problems. The disturbance is caused by the high peroxide number triggered by oxidation and hydrolysis of oil in the presence of free fatty acids and high water content. Reuse of waste oil can be done with several alternatives such as the addition of natural antioxidants or synthesis. This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking wet and dry chocolate fruit on the quality of waste oil. The parameters seen are water content, acid numbers, peroxide numbers and free fatty acid levels. The moisture content was determined by the oven drying method, acid numbers and free fatty acid levels by the alkalimetry titration method, and peroxide number by the iodometry method. The results showed that the waste oil soaked on the exocarp of dried cacao is more optimal in reducing the peroxide number by 38.71%, while soaking with wet exocarp is only 12.14%. Moisture content increased by 0.08% on soaking with the exocarp of dried cacao, whereas wet exsocarp is 1.63%. Acid number increased 17.42% in soaking with the exocarp of dried cacao, whereas wet exocarp is 36%. Free fatty acid levels increased 0.64% in dumping with dried exocarp, while soaking with the exocarp of wet cacao increased by 0.82%.

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Evaluation of an Immunoisolation Membrane Formed by Incorporating a Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel within a Microporous Filter Support

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/096368979700600607 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 585-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrew R. Baker ◽

Ronald L. Fournier ◽

Jeffrey G. Sarver ◽

Jennifer L. Long ◽

Peter J. Goldblatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Water Content ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

High Water ◽

Membrane Properties ◽

High Water Content ◽

Hybrid Hydrogel ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pva Hydrogel

An immunoisolation membrane formed by incorporating a high water content polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel into a microporous polyether sulfone (PES) filter has been investigated in this study. The PVA hydrogel is formed in situ within the filter pores via glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking under acidic conditions. The tortuous nature of the microporous filter pores securely anchors the embedded hydrogel to provide excellent structural integrity. The high void fraction of the PES filter support (>80%) and high water content of the PVA hydrogel (>85% water by weight) allow excellent solute transport rates, while an appropriate level of glutaraldehyde crosslinking supplies the required molecular size selectivity. In vitro permeability measurements made with solutes covering a wide range of molecular sizes demonstrate high transport rates for small nutrient molecules with rapidly diminishing permeabilities above a molecular weight of approximately 1,000 Dalton. Implantation experiments show that the membrane properties are not deleteriously affected by prolonged in vivo exposure or common sterilization techniques. Thus, this hybrid hydrogel/filter membrane system offers a promising approach to the immunoisolation of implanted cells.

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Evaporative water loss and the role of cocoon formation in Australian frogs

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo98013 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 405 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Philip C. Withers

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Water Loss ◽

High Water ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Evaporative Water Loss ◽

High Water Content ◽

Evaporative Water ◽

Wide Range ◽

Very High

Measurements of evaporative water loss (EWL; mg min-1) and resistance (R; sec cm-1) for various Australian frogs indicate three general allometric patterns: non-cocooned and non-‘waterproof’ frogs with EWL ∝ Mass0.30 and R independent of body mass at about 1–3 sec cm-1, cocooned frogs with EWL reduced about 50–200-fold and R about 50–200 sec cm-1, and ‘waterproof’ frogs with EWL reduced about 5–100- fold and R about 5–100 sec cm-1. Cocooned frogs have an exponential reduction in EWL and fairly linear increase in R over time, corresponding to the temporal addition of layers to the cocoon. The biophysical properties of cocoon are generally similar for various species, although there is some variation in both resistance per thickness (5–20 × 104 s cm-2) and diffusion coefficient (0.4–2.4 × 10 –5 cm2 s-1). The hygroscopic property of frog cocoon resembles that of mammalian stratum corneum, hair and wool, and mucopolysaccharides; there is a slight increase in water content of cocoon over a wide range of humidities but a very steep increase in water content and substantial hydration and swelling at >96% RH. This extreme hygroscopic behaviour of frog cocoon at very high RH may reflect less polymer cross-linking in frog cocoon and its high digestibility. The prevention of over-hydration of frog cocoon in vivo may be attributed to the restriction of high water content to only very high RH (>96%).

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Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180213122953 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 843-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Weiguo Xu ◽

Shujun Dong ◽

Yuping Han ◽

Shuqiang Li ◽

Yang Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Water Content ◽

Oxygen Permeability ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

High Water ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

High Water Content ◽

Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

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