scholarly journals Kedudukan Kreditor Minoritas Dibandingkan Dengan Kreditor Sekaligus Pemegang Saham Dalam Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang

Media Iuris ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Delvis Patrik ◽  
Nulistiowati Suryanti ◽  
Aam Suryamah
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Protection Mechanism

AbstractThis study aims to find and determine the validity of the recognition of claims belonging to shareholder creditors and the legal protection of minority creditors. This study uses a normative juridical method with descriptive analysis specifications as well as a statute approach and a conceptual approach to determine the validity of the recognition of receivables belonging to shareholders and legal protection owned by minority creditors. The results obtained from this study are: First, Indonesian law has not regulated the position of shareholder creditors in PKPU so that their existence is still considered valid, resulting in a conflict of interest resulting in injustice experienced by minority creditors because of the large rights owned by shareholder creditors in the PKPU process. Second, the legal protection mechanism for minority creditors in the KPKPU Law is in the form of rejection of the peace plan by judges based on Article 285 of the KPKPU Law and objections to claims based on Article 279 jo. 280 The KPKPU Law has not been able to run effectively because it still depends on the discretion and judgment of the judge.Keywords: Suspension of Payment; Legal Protection; Minority Creditors; Shareholder Creditors.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan mengetahui keabsahan diakuinya piutang milik Kreditor Pemegang Saham dan perlindungan hukum yang dimiliki Kreditor Minoritas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analisis serta pendekatan perundang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual guna mengetahui keabsahan diakuinya piutang milik pemegang saham dan perlindungan hukum yang dimiliki oleh Kreditor Minoritas. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, hukum Indonesia belum mengatur mengenai kedudukan Kreditor Pemegang Saham dalam PKPU sehingga keberadaannya masih dianggap sah, sehingga terjadi benturan kepentingan yang mengakibatkan ketidakadilan dialami oleh Kreditor Minoritas karena besarnya hak yang dimiliki oleh Kreditor Pemegang Saham dalam proses PKPU. Kedua, mekanisme perlindungan hukum Kreditor Minoritas yang ada dalam UU KPKPU berupa penolakan rencana perdamaian oleh hakim berdasarkan Pasal 285 UU KPKPU dan bantahan piutang berdasarkan Pasal 279 jo. 280 UU KPKPU belum dapat berjalan efektif karena masih bergantung terhadap kebijaksanaan dan penilaian hakim.Kata Kunci: Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang; Perlindungan Hukum; Kreditor Minoritas; Kreditor Pemegang Saham.

scholarly journals Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional Lagu Aceh dan Model Pewarisannya

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Sri Walny Rahayu ◽  
Widiya Fitrianda
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Songs

Lagu-lagu tradisional Aceh merupakan bagian rezim hak cipta dan termasuk dalam ekspresi budaya tradisional masyarakat Aceh, kekayaan dan identitas bangsa. Untuk memajukan lagu-lagu tradisonal sebagai bagian kebudayaan Aceh, diperlukan langkah strategis melalui perlin-dungan, pengembangan, pemanfaatan, pembinaan untuk mewu-judkan masyarakat Aceh yang berdaulat secara politik, berdikari secara ekonomi, dan berkepribadian dalam Kebudayaan. Hal lainnya, lagu-lagu tradisional Aceh merupakan hak milik yang dapat beralih melalui warisan. Dalam praktiknya ahli waris pencipta lagu-lagu Aceh tidak memahami dan belum mendapatkan hak ekonominya  sebagai-mana diatur dalam Pasal 16 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Budaya masyarakat komunal berbeda pandang dengan filosofi konsep hak kekayaan Intelektual, bersifat eksklusif monopoli, dan lemahnya implementasi penegakan hukum hak cipta merupakan persoalan yang harus mendapat perhatian pemerintah di Aceh dalam melestarikan budaya tradisonalnya. Tujuan penulisan menjelaskan perlindungan hukum terhadap lagu tradisional Aceh yang merupakan ekspresi budaya tradisional, menjelaskan perlindungan kepada ahli waris pencipta lagu Aceh melalui warisan menurut Undang-Undang Hak Cipta, Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata, dan Hukum Islam menjelaskan kendala pengalihan pencipta hak ekonomi lagu-lagu tradisional Aceh melalui warisan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder sebagai data utama, atau yang disebut penelitian yuridis normatif yang menguji norma hukum sebagai objek penelitian. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan hukum komparatif. Tulisannya disajikan dalam bentuk analisis deskriptif. Aceh Traditional Cultural Expression and Its Inheritance Model Traditional Acehnese songs which are part of the copyright regimes are one part of the expression of traditional Acehnese culture, wealth and national identity. The promotion of Acehnese culture through traditional songs requires a strategic step through protection, development, utilization, and coaching to realize an Acehnese society that is politically sovereign, economically independent, and has a personality in culture. Other things Traditional Aceh songs are property rights that can be transferred through inheritance. In practice the heirs of Acehnese songs creators do not understand and obtain economic rights from the commercial use of Acehnese songs as stipulated in Article 16 paragraph (2) of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. The communal society's culture is different from the philosophy of the concept of intellectual property rights that is exclusively monopoly and the weak implementation of copyright law enforcement is an issue that must be gotten the attention of the government, especially in Aceh to preserve the traditional Acehnese culture which is the expression of its people. The purpose of writing is to explain the legal protection of traditional Acehnese songs which are expressions of Acehnese cultural identity, explain the protection to the heirs of the creators of Aceh songs through inheritance according to the 2014 UUHC, the Civil Code and Islamic Law and explain what constitutes obstacles to the transfer of rights economic creator of traditional Acehnese songs through inheritance. This type of research uses secondary data as the main data, or so-called normative juridical research that tests legal norms as the object of research. The approach used is the conceptual approach and comparative legal approach. This writing is presented in the form of descriptive analysis.

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 11-017/PUU-I/2003 TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HAK DIPILIH

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ketut Ngastawa
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
State System ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Right

Paper that had the title: "Juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the Legal Protection for the Rights to be Eelected." This explores two issues: 1) how the legal protection of the settings selected in the state system of Indonesia ; 2) what are juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected. To solve both problems, this paper uses normative legal research methods. Approach being used is the statute approach, case approach, and a conceptual approach. Further legal materials collected were identified and analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. Legal protection for the right to be elected in the state system of Indonesia can be traced from the 1945 opening, the articles in the body of the 1945 Constitution, Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D (1) and paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (3) 1945 Second Amendment, MPR Decree Number XVII/MPR/1998, Article 43 of Law Number 39 of 1999, Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and Article 25 of the International Covenant  on Civil and Political Rights. Discussion of the juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected have been included: a) only on the juridical implications of representative institutions no longer marked with specified requirements as stipulated in Article 60 letter g of Law Number 12 Year 2003 in Law Number 10 Year 2008; b) juridical implications of the political field for the right to be elected is the absence of any discriminatory treatment in legislative product formed by the House of Representatives and the President as well as products of other legislation forward.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK ASAS KEPENTINGAN (INSURABLE INTEREST) DALAM PERJANJIAN ASURANSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Fitria Dewi Navisa
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Interest Theory ◽  
Insurable Interest ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Protection Theory ◽  
Subjective Rights

 Benda asuransi erat hubungannya dengan teori kepentingan (interest theory) yang secara umum dikenal dalam hukum asuransi. Kepentingan itu harus sudah ada pada benda asuransi pada saat asuransi diadakan atau setidak-tidaknya pada saat terjadi peristiwa yang menimbulkan kerugian (evenemen). Problematika yuridis dalam penelitian ini adalah belum adanya penjelasan terkait asas kepentingan dalam Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian (kekosongan norma), sehingga tidak terdapat standarisasi tentang asas kepentingan beserta karakteristiknya. Untuk menemukan jawaban atas permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, maka peneliti akan mempergunakan teori-teori hukum tertentu sebagai landasan untuk menganalisanya. Teori itu meliputi; Teori Perlindungan Hukum, Teori Kepastian Hukum, Teori Investasi, dan Teori Asuransi. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah bersifat yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 macam pendekatan, yakni pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis, deskriptif berarti usaha mengemukakan gejala-gejala secara lengkap di dalam aspek yang diselidiki agar jelas keadaan dan kondisinya. Menurut teori kepentingan (interest theory) pada benda asuransi melekat hak subjektif yang tidak berwujud. Kepentingan itu sifatnya absolut, artinya harus ada pada setiap objek asuransi dan mengikuti kemana saja benda asuransi itu berada. Kepentingan itu harus sudah ada pada benda asuransi pada saat asuransi diadakan atau setidak-tidaknya pada saat terjadi peristiwa yang menimbulkan kerugian (evenemen). Bagi tertanggung yang memiliki benda asuransi, kepentingannya melekat pada benda asuransinya.           Pada konteks perjanjian asuransi, maka dalam mencapai kepentingan berdasar keadilan dan kemanfaatan tidak dapat hanya berdasar keuntungan penanggung, melainkan kemanfaatan berupa kesempatan bagi pihak yang seharusnya bisa jadi tertanggung demi kesetaraan.Kata kunci: Asas Kepentingan, Karakteristik, Asuransi Object insurance is closely related to the theory of interest (interest theory) which is generally known in insurance law. The interest must already exist in the insurance object when the insurance is held or at least when the event that caused the loss (evenemen). Juridical problematic in this research is that there is no explanation related to the principle of interest in Law No. 14 of 2014 concerning Insurance (void norms), so there is no standardization of the principle of interests and their characteristics. To find answers to problems in this study, the researcher will use certain legal theories as a basis for analyzing them. The theory includes; Legal Protection Theory, Legal Certainty Theory, Investment Theory, and Insurance Theory. The approach method used is normative juridical. This study uses 4 kinds of approaches, namely the statute approach, conceptual approach, case approach, and comparative approach. This research is a descriptive analysis, descriptive means an attempt to express the symptoms in full in the aspects being investigated to make it clear the conditions and conditions. According to the theory of interest (interest theory) on insurance objects inherent in intangible subjective rights. The importance is absolute, meaning that it must exist in every insurance object and follow it wherever the insurance object is located. The interest must already exist in the insurance object when the insurance is held or at least when the event that caused the loss (evenemen). For the insured who has insurance objects, their interests are inherent in the insurance object. In the context of insurance agreements, in achieving interests based on justice and benefits, it cannot only be based on the profits of the guarantor, but rather benefits in the form of opportunities for those who should be insured for equality.Keywords: Principle of Interest, Characteristics, Insurance

ANALISIS YURIDIS PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI MELALUI MEDIA ELEKTRONIK BERDASARKAN KUH PERDATA DAN UNDANG - UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Anggit Rahmat Fauzi ◽  
Ansari Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Civil State ◽  
Consumer Protection Act ◽  
The People

The utilization of e-commerce media in the trading world brings impact to the international community in general and the people of Indonesia in particular. For Indonesian people, This is related to a very important legal problem. The importance of law in the field of e-commerce is mainly in protecting the parties who transact through the Internet. The purpose of this study is to know the legal review of the buying and selling agreements through electronic media as well as to know the legal protections for sellers and buyers if one of the parties commits a default. The research uses a normative juridical method of approach and the discussion is done in a descriptive analysis. The source and type of data used are primary data and secondary data. While the data collection techniques using literature studies, and the data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively. The agreement to buy and sell through electronic media is a new phenomenon that has been implemented in various countries and regulated in the Civil state nor law ITE. Legal protection for the parties in the sale and purchase agreements through electronic media is governed by the consumer protection ACT. Any breach must respond to any loss arising from his or her actions.

The Biopsychosocial Paradigm in the Assessment of Mental Health of Older Persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S464-S464
Author(s):  
L. Pishchikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Biopsychosocial Determinants

The vulnerability of patients of late age in psychiatry increases the professional and ethical requirements to the quality of psychiatric and forensic psychiatric help. It must account for the clinical and dynamic features of mental disorders in old age, biopsychosocial determinants of their formation, be based on a conceptual approach and a comprehensive understanding of the involution processes. To identify biopsychosocial determinants of mental disorders in old age and (or) involving patients to the forensic psychiatric examination, we examined 235 late age patients in criminal and civil cases. Revealed: «non-dement» mental disorders – with 45.5%, psychosis – with 7.7%, dementia – with 46,8%. The results of biopsychosocial determinants of involution are determined as follows: biological: sensory and motor deprivation, multicomorbid somatic neurological pathology, specific syndromes and disorders if late age, dementia; socio-psychological: termination of labor activity, living alone and loneliness, problematic relationship with children because of housing disputes and alcohol; legal: conclusion and contestation of legal civil acts, participation in criminal proceedings as victims and defendants, legal illiteracy, legal controversy, lack of legal protection; victimological: physical (assault, abuse), psychological (threats of commitment into social security institutions, involuntary commitment to a psychiatric hospital and examination by a psychiatrist, hold in the psychiatric hospital), financial violence (fraud with housing for older people and deception, manipulation during conclusion of civil-legal acts), violation of rights of older person (unlawful deprivation of legal capacity).Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Legal aspects of the brand protection in Ukraine and world

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Ivanna Babetska
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Brand Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Regulations

Purpose. The purpose of the scientific article is to establish the ratio of the meanings of the concepts "trademark", "brand" and "well-known" trademark and then to characterize their common and distinctive features. Indicate the gaps in current legislation and the need to refine certain rules in this aspect to determine the aspects of protection and protection of the brand. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, dialectical, logical-semantic, logical-normative, system-structural. Results: in the course of the conducted study, the main and optional components of the brand are determined, which make it possible to determine the features of its legal protection. It has been proved that despite a fairly wide range of domestic and international regulations, there are certain shortcomings of the brand protection mechanism. Originality. The study found that a trademark differs from a brand in that a trademark is a designation that is only the basis of the brand, as for the trademark are not essential such properties of the designation as a certain level of information among consumers and quality as a basis. gaining a reputation; the concept of "brand" is an evaluative, conditional concept, and therefore its consolidation at the regulatory level is impractical. It is sufficient to establish the factors on the basis of which the trademark can be considered "well known". A "well-known" trademark is a designation that is familiar to a wide range of consumers through its use to designate certain goods. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities for the purpose of legal regulation of public relations in the sphere of legal protection of the brand.

scholarly journals Konflik Antar Negara Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Vera Yanti Artega ◽  
Adwani Adwani ◽  
Sanusi Bintang
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Peaceful Settlement ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Inter State

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perlindungan hukum internasional terhadap negara yang disadap secara melawan hukum oleh negara lain dan menjelaskan metode penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam  menyelesaikan konflik antar negara akibat penyadapan yang dilakukan Australia terhadap Indonesia Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum internasional belum memberikan perlindungan yang cukup kepada negara yang disadap oleh negara lain. Adapun metode penyelesaian sengketa yang digunakan Indonesia dalam menyelesaikan kasus penyadapan dengan Australia adalah penyelesaian sengketa internasional secara damai melalui cara negosiasi. Oleh karena itu, peraturan mengenai penyadapan lintas negara harus segera dibentuk, sehingga perlindungan hukum terhadap negara yang disadap bisa dilakukan. Serta kedua negara harus membentuk code of conduct. Inter-State Conflict Under International Law International relation between two countries at some time could evoke problems which are caused by the cheating action of one party, such as interception resulting in conflict between them. This study aims to explain the protection of international law against countries that are illegally intercepted by other countries and explain the method of dispute settlement conducted by Indonesia in resolving inter-state conflicts resulting from Australian interception to Indonesia in 2013. This study uses a normative-juridical legal research method, by using legislation, case study , and conceptual approach with library data sources. The result shows that international law has not provided sufficient protection to countries intercepted or tapped by other countries. The method of dispute resolution used by Indonesia in solving wiretapping case with Australia is the peaceful settlement of international disputes through negotiation. Therefore, regulations concerning cross-country intercepting must be established immediately, thus legal protection of the tapped countries could be proceeded, and the two countries must establish a code of conduct.

scholarly journals Constitutional Protection For Crime Victims And Witnesses In Indonesia And Its Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
John Kenedi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Constitutional Protections

The constitutional protections toward crime witnesses in Indonesia are indisputably inevitable. As an effort to uphold justice, Indonesia relies on the formal mechanism of criminal law known as the criminal justice system. The system starts from reports by the police, prosecution by the prosecutor, to the stage of a trial in a court, and execution in a prison. Throughout its development, the criminal justice system seemed to focus more on protecting criminal offenses (criminal oriented) rather than paying attention to the rights of witnesses and victims (witness and victim-oriented). Therefore, the studies that concern the rights of witnesses and victims are highly needed in order to figure out ways to balance the treatment between the suspects/defendants and the witnesses and victims. Through the use of the statue approach and conceptual approach, the positions and the rights of legal protection for witnesses and victims are thoroughly captured and described in this current research. Besides, the factors causing uneven attention and unfair treatment toward crime victims are also specifically identified.

scholarly journals The Tensions On The Protection Of Local-Traditional Indonesian Batik

Yuridika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Ria Setyawati ◽  
Mas Rahmah ◽  
Rahmi Jened ◽  
Nurul Barizah ◽  
Agung Sujatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
International Level ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Times ◽  
Legal Concepts

Batik artwork has been known for hundreds of years and has become part of the culture of Indonesian society. Some batik motifs in Indonesia have philosophical values and are part of traditional traditional ceremony activities. Along with the times, the creativity of batik artists has become varied even though ancient traditional motifs are still mass produced and used as inspiration. This research examines the legal protection for traditional batik in order to avoid the abuse of rights by certain parties who merely exploit it in order to benefit from the existence of traditional batik works. The formulation of the problem that will be examined in this research is whether traditional batik gets legal protection under the copyright regime in Indonesia? Are there any legal safeguards at the international level for traditional Indonesian batik works? In answering this problem formulation will use a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. This research is a legal research that will examine existing legal concepts and related legal rules in solving legal problems related to the protection of traditional batik.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum atas Desain Industri Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No 31 T Ahun 2000

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Mas lndriani ◽  
Ni Made Jaya Senastri ◽  
Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Design Law ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Definition Of

Intellectual property rights including industrial designs. The idea of ​​industrial design safety is based on the belief that human imagination, taste and initiative are closely linked to industrial design. The state grants protection against new industrial designs. The definition of the rule of law used in the legal protection of industrial designs is based on Law No. 31 of 2000. One of the components in this case is the protection of human rights which is the guideline for the legal protection of industrial designs. There are two forms of industrial design legal protection, which include preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection. This study aims to examine the form of legal protection for industrial designs based on Law No. 31 of 2000 and analyze the legal implications if the design rights holder does not register their industrial designs. This research was designed using normative research with a conceptual approach. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained through documentation and recording. The results of the study indicate that preventive legal protection is contained in the Act which is used to prevent violations and a description of the implementation of obligations while repressive legal protection is security in the form of sanctions for violations that have been committed. In view of this and considering the existence of protection in the form of the industrial design law, the designer can prevent the occurrence of plagiarism of his industrial design by registering his industrial design.

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