scholarly journals Animal pathogens and their impact on animal health, the economy, food security, food safety and public health

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.F. MCELWAIN ◽  
S.M. THUMBI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Pathogens

scholarly journals Veterinary education on fostering food safety and governance achieving a healthy nation in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
M. Mufizur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Veterinary Education ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Safety Control

Since veterinary medicine plays an important role in assuring a nation's food safety, therefore the present status of our food safety, where large numbers of consumers in Bangladesh have become victims of consuming adulterated foods, needs to be enhanced and governed by the guideline of veterinary and public health educators. This article highlights the need of an integrated collaborative approach between academicians and government officials for the creation and dissemination of food-safety teaching driving force to mitigate food borne diseases, ensure food safety, control mischievous and fraudulent adulteration – all destined to a harmonious national health strategic action plan. Veterinary education is very effective for cor- rect implementation of the stable to table concept and best serves the public when it is updated on current market needs of food products and measures protecting animal health. Universities in Europe and USA have adjusted their veterinary medicine curricula during the past few years. Experts predicted determinant changes by 2020 that would influence the work of the veterinarians. All of them are in favor of placing food quality and food safety and public health as the highest priorities in future veterinary education. In Bangladesh, Universities and Veterinary Colleges are producing qualified Veterinary Food Hygienists to deal with matters of health and demands for consumers’ food protection. The veterinary education blends veterinarians with strong capacity to advocate the assurance of food quality and safety from farm to fork. Government in collaboration with veterinary food hygienist should advocate academic and field covered sciencebased food safety system. It is hoped that in the near future Bangladesh will come forward with veterinary public health responsibilities incorporated in national food safety program. The concerned authorities in collaboration with international public health authority like WHO should establish a center for food safety, food quality control, and zoonoses.

scholarly journals Food Safety, Fish and Listeriosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Alejandro De Jesús Cortés Sánchez ◽  
Martha Lorena Guzmán Robles ◽  
Rodolfo Garza Torres ◽  
Luis Daniel Espinosa Chaurand ◽  
Mayra Diaz Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Microbiological Criteria

Listeria monocytogenes is a food pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a relevant disease in public health worldwide. The genus Listeria spp., corresponds to cosmopolitan bacteria and capable of surviving different adverse conditions, which increases the risk for the food to be contaminated at any stage of the food chain. Fish and fish products are foods of high production level and, due to their chemical or nutritional composition, are highly susceptible to deterioration and contamination by pathogens in their productive chain relating to cases of listeriosis. Derived from the incidence and human mortality due to causative agents of listeriosis, along with their resistance to antimicrobials, they have acquired a greater emphasis on human health, animal health and food industry, resulting in the implementation of safety systems such as good hygiene practices, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system, analytical methods and microbiological criteria, as some of the actions to contribute to the food safety and public health protection. The purpose of this review document is to provide, in a general way, aspects involved in foodborne illnesses, specifically listeriosis and its association with fish as a transmitting food, considering the prevention and control measures of this disease through food. It also includes aspects related to antimicrobial resistance by bacterial isolates obtained from fish, their implications and health risks.

scholarly journals Analisa Epidemiologi Kasus Helmintiasis pada Hewan Kurban di Kota Batu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Mira Fatmawati ◽  
Herawati Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Control Animal ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Cross Border

Abstrack Eid of Adha is commemorated every 10 Dzulhijah followed by slaughtering a cattle, sheep or goat. That slaughter moment needed a lot of veterinarian to control animal health and meat inspection. The limitedness of personnel, therefore the Agriculture Office of Batu city cooperated with Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Brawijaya University to supervise a slaughtering animals. The purpose of this research is to analys the prevalensi of fasciolosis on eid of adha in Batu City. Total number of slaughtering aninal in Batu City in 2017 were 679 cattle, 2357 goats and 2277 sheep. The research was conducted in 3 sub-districts in Batu City. Data were collected during postmortem examination in liver organ. The results showed that the total cases of heminthiasis in cattle were 22.97% (156 cases of fasciolosis from 679 cattle), cases of helminthiasis in goats 1.65% (39 cases of fascioloisis from 2357 goats), cases of helminthiasis in sheep 4.83% (80 cases of fasciolosis from 1658 sheep). Most cases of cattle fasciolosis occurred in Junrejo sub-district (31.54%), most cases of goats fasciolosis occurred in in Bumiaji sub-district (2.13%) and most cases of lambs fasciolosis occurred in Batu sub-district (7.19%). The slaughter animals come from Batu City, Malang Municipality and Blitar Municipality. From the data above, it is necessary to do the programs of giving worm medicine and animal health information especially for farmer. Cross-border coordination within the framework of an animal health healing program needs to be prepared to work together. Veterinary public health have responsibility to prepared a secure, healthy, a whole and halal meat in that slaughter moment. Kata kunci: Eid of Adha; Helminthiasis; Fasciolosis; Batu City;Food Safety Abstrak Idul Adha yang diperingati setiap tanggal 10 Dzulhijah diikuti dengan penyembelihan hewan kurban. Pemotongan yang serentak pada hari yang sama membutuhkan pengawasan kesehatan hewan dari dokter hewan berwenang dalam rangka memberikan jaminan keamanan pangan. Karena keterbatasan personel, maka Dinas Pertanian Kota Batu bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya dalam pengawasan pemotongan hewan kurban saat Idul Adha. Tujuan pengawasan tersebut antara lain untuk memantau penyakit hewan menular dan penyakit zoonotik. Pemotongan hewan kurban di Kota Batu tahun 2017 sebanyak 679 ekor sapi, 2357 kambing dan 2277domba. Tujuan dari analisis studi epidemiologi ini adalah untuk melihat berapa banyak kasus helmintiasis yang ditemukan pada hewan kurban yang ada di Kota Batu. Penelitian dilakukan dilakukan di 3 kecamatan di Kota Batu pada titik-titik pemotongan hewan dengan menggunakan data deskriptif dari kuisioner terstruktur. Data kasus fasciolosis diperoleh pada saat pemeriksaan postmortem pada organ hati. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa total kasus fasciolosis pada sapi adalah  22,97% (156 kasus fasciolosis dari 679 ekor sapi), kasus fasciolosis pada kambing 1,65% (39 kasus fasciolosis dari 2357 ekor kambing), kasus fasciolosis pada domba 4,83% (80 kasus fasciolosis dari 1658 ekor domba). Kasus fasciolosis pada sapi terbanyak terjadi di Kecamatan Junrejo (31,54%), pada kambing yang terbanyak di Kecamatan Bumiaji (2,13%) dan pada domba yang terbanyak di Kecamatan Batu (7,19%). Hewan kurban berasal dari Kota Batu, Kabupaten Malang dan Kabupaten Blitar. Dari data diatas maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi mengenai program pemberian obat cacing dan pengasawan kesehatan hewan terutama untuk hewan kurban. Koordinasi lintas wilayah dalam rangka sinkronisasi program kesehatan hewan perlu dipersiapkan untuk dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban dan daging kurban yang aman, sehat, utuh, dan halal. Kata kunci: Idul Adha;Helmintiasis; Fasciolosis;Kota Batu;Keamanan Pangan

scholarly journals Food Safety Implications of Transitions Toward Sustainable Healthy Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 104S-124S
Author(s):  
Sara M. Pires ◽  
Sofie T. Thomsen ◽  
Maarten Nauta ◽  
Morten Poulsen ◽  
Lea S. Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Despite increased political attention, foodborne diseases still cause a substantial public health, economic, and social burden worldwide. Children younger than 5 years, people living in developing regions, and in the poorest areas of the world are disproportionally affected, bearing a large proportion of the global burden of foodborne disease. Yet, food safety is a prerequisite to ensuring food security globally: Foods that are responsible for important food safety problems are also crucial to ensure food security in some regions and are essential sources of nutrition. Moreover, together with calls for action to meeting international sustainable development goals, global efforts to promote food security and healthy diets have now highlighted the need to modify food systems globally. This article therefore explores the food safety dimensions of transitions toward food systems that promote sustainable healthy diets. The current body of evidence points to the combined health and environmental benefits of shifting toward a more plant-based diet, including vegetables and fruits, nuts, pulses, and whole grains. As a shift toward more plant-based diets may also lead to higher exposures to chemicals or pathogens present in these foods, an evaluation of food safety implications of such transitions is now imperative. We conclude that several synergies between public health, environmental, and food safety strategies can be identified to support dietary transitions.

scholarly journals Plant health and its effects on food safety and security in a One Health framework: four case studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Rizzo ◽  
Maureen Lichtveld ◽  
Jonna A. K. Mazet ◽  
Eri Togami ◽  
Sally A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
One Health ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The One

AbstractAlthough healthy plants are vital to human and animal health, plant health is often overlooked in the One Health literature. Plants provide over 80% of the food consumed by humans and are the primary source of nutrition for livestock. However, plant diseases and pests often threaten the availability and safety of plants for human and animal consumption. Global yield losses of important staple crops can range up to 30% and hundreds of billions of dollars in lost food production. To demonstrate the complex interrelationships between plants and public health, we present four case studies on plant health issues directly tied to food safety and/or security, and how a One Health approach influences the perception and mitigation of these issues. Plant pathogens affect food availability and consequently food security through reductions in yield and plant mortality as shown through the first case study of banana Xanthomonas wilt in East and Central Africa. Case studies 2, 3 and 4 highlight ways in which the safety of plant-based foods can also be compromised. Case study 2 describes the role of mycotoxin-producing plant-colonizing fungi in human and animal disease and examines lessons learned from outbreaks of aflatoxicosis in Kenya. Plants may also serve as vectors of human pathogens as seen in case study 3, with an example of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination of lettuce in North America. Finally, case study 4 focuses on the use of pesticides in Suriname, a complex issue intimately tied to food security though protection of crops from diseases and pests, while also a food safety issue through misuse. These cases from around the world in low to high income countries point to the need for interdisciplinary teams to solve complex plant health problems. Through these case studies, we examine challenges and opportunities moving forward for mitigating negative public health consequences and ensuring health equity. Advances in surveillance technology and functional and streamlined workflow, from data collection, analyses, risk assessment, reporting, and information sharing are needed to improve the response to emergence and spread of plant-related pathogens and pests. Our case studies point to the importance of collaboration in responses to plant health issues that may become public health emergencies and the value of the One Health approach in ensuring food safety and food security for the global population.

scholarly journals Impact of Epidemic-Affected Labor Shortage on Food Safety: A Chinese Scenario Analysis Using the CGE Model

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Li Liang ◽  
Keyu Qin ◽  
Sijian Jiang ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Yunting Shi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Labor Shortage ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
The Impact

Human food safety should be given priority during a major public health crisis. As the primary element of agricultural production, labor tends to suffer the most during a period of public health concern. Studying the impact of epidemic-affected labor shortages on agricultural production, trade, and prices has important implications for food security. This study used a calculable general equilibrium model to study the changes in China’s agricultural production, trade, and prices under different labor damage scenarios. The results showed that agricultural production was less affected under a scenario where the epidemic was controlled locally. The output of agricultural products decreased by about 2.19%, and the prices of agricultural products increased slightly. However, the nationwide output of agricultural products decreased by only 0.1%, and the prices remained largely stable. In the case of the spread of the epidemic, the output of agricultural products in the epidemic area decreased by 2.11%, and the prices of certain agricultural products increased significantly. For example, the price of vegetables increased by 0.78%, the price of pork increased by about 0.7%, and those of agricultural products in other parts of the country also increased slightly. Compared with the national spread scenario, the local outbreak scenario had a smaller impact on China’s food security, indicating China’s effective policy against the epidemic. Although the impact of labor shortage under the influence of the epidemic on China was relatively limited, and considering its stable food security, we should pay attention to the increase in the process of agricultural products and changes in agricultural trade in the epidemic area. The residents in the epidemic areas could not effectively obtain nutritious food, which affected their health. Thus, the government should also completely mobilize agricultural resources to ensure the nutrition safety of residents during major public health incidents.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Consumers Behavior towards Street Foods

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Ruchi Verma ◽  
Sunita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Street Food

Street foods plays vital role for low and middle income group of urban peoples of developing countries, street foods meets food and nutritional requirements at very affordable prices for peoples all over the world. Mostly street foods are unhealthy foods, which is increased by high risk of contamination through physical, chemical and biological components which occurs a grave concern in the form of food safety and security. Street foods are nutritionally rich and these are rich source of carbohydrates and fats, eating which increases the risk of chronic non communicable diseases. Street foods may the increases risk of foodborne illnesses, which is the reason of food contamination through the microorganisms and so that food poisoning are developed. Due to lack of facilities, cheap raw materials, also lack of education and insufficient knowledge (GMP) of street food handlers, can cause foodborne diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases, and with which strongly influence on Food Safety, Nutritional Value and  health of school children’s and all  urban peoples of developing countries. To troubleshoot all these problems proper health authorities should regulate the marketing of street food products and start a proper training program for the urban street food handlers and school based street food handlers, which is related to food safety, food security, foodborne diseases and non communicable diseases. In addition, the inclusion of food safety and food security in school courses will provide opportunities for all peoples and school children’s to becomes aware about food safety, food security and nutrition. however, street foods are oftentimes an unhealthy diet and notwithstanding, street foods meet peoples dietary needs. Street food vending have occurred a vital public health issues and a major consideration to everybody. The objective of this study to describe nutritional issues of street foods to the diet, Nutritional Value of Street Foods, consumers eating habits and its impact on Health. It is necessary that, the standards suggested by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and WHO should be included, to contribute to nutritional security of street foods and public health.

scholarly journals Causes and factors related to pig carcass condemnation

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Garcia-Diez ◽  
AC Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Granulomatous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Swine Diseases

Ante mortem and post mortem carcass condemnation records could be of use as a potential database for the study of swine diseases, epidemiology or animal welfare. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the causes of ante mortem rejections and post mortem carcass condemnation of pigs intended for human consumption during a 78-month period. The records considered for study were, date of slaughter, total pigs slaughtered and total number of ante mortem rejections (deaths during transportation and deaths in the pens) and post mortem carcass condemnations (osteomyelitis, caseous lymphadenitis, erysipelas, cachexia, pale, soft and exudative meat (PSE), bloody meat, muscular necrosis, purulent nephritis, purulent metritis, jaundice, meats from febrile pigs and peritonitis). The influence of several factors such as year, season, mandatory fulfilment of a food chain information form (FCIf) and compulsory certification of swine drivers/transporters on ante mortem rejections and post mortem carcass condemnation was also studied. A total of 161 001 pigs slaughtered resulted in 238 (0.15%) ante mortem deaths, 160 763 pigs processed for meat consumption (99.7%) and 392 (0.24%) carcass condemnations. The ante mortem rejections revealed that 146 pigs (61.3%) died during transportation whereas 92 (38.7%) were rejected due to death in pens. The main causes of carcass condemnations were osteomyelitis (38.5%), granulomatous lymphadenitis (22.7%) and pleurisy/pneumonia (21.2%). A relationship was found between the month and ante mortem condemnations (P < 0.01), death losses during transport (P < 0.01) and between compulsory certification of animal transporters and deaths by transportation (P < 0.05). During the cold season, the probability of ante mortem rejections (OR = 1.84; CI 95%: 1.32–2.59) and death in pens (OR = 1.62; CI 95%: 1.02–2.57) was higher. The compulsory fulfilment of a food chain information form was not revealed to be significantly linked with the total number of carcass condemnations although the odds of ante mortem rejections were higher (OR = 2.10; CI 95%: 1.44–3.08) when it was not mandatory. Higher post mortem condemnations compared to ante mortem condemnations can be explained by the fact that several post mortem findings are asymptomatic in live animals. A progressive decrease in losses during transport was associated with on-farm improvements in animal welfare measures in addition with compulsory training of animal transporters. However, the consistent values of deaths in pens throughout the study period, with an increase during the winter, indicate a need for an improvement in the thermal conditions of the holding area in slaughterhouse. Regarding the post mortem condemnations, the improvement in animal welfare conditions may explain the decrease in osteomyelitis condemnations while the environmental origin of granulomatous lymphadenitis may be associated with region, climate or with the presence of hosts that may explain the influence of the time of year on its variations. The FCIf was implemented as a measure to improve the transparency of food safety and animal health in the food chain from farm to fork. Although osteomyelitis and granulomatous lymphadenitis condemnations were influenced by the FCIf, this relationship cannot be fully explained due to the scarce information related to disease prevalence and/or diagnostics at the farm level. Consequently, the improvement in food safety elicited by this measure is not entirely clear. Data on carcass condemnation could be used to verify the emergence, evolution and control of swine diseases as well as to improve animal health, food safety and veterinary public health programs and/or strategies according to the epidemiological context, with the ultimate aim of guaranteeing public health.  

Analysis of Food Safety and Security Challenges in Emerging African Food Producing Areas through a One Health Lens: The Dairy Chains in Mali

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHEL CHENG ◽  
ALBERTO MANTOVANI ◽  
CHIARA FRAZZOLI
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
One Health ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Production Chain

ABSTRACT Challenges posed by changes in livestock production in emerging food producing areas and demographic development and climate change require new approaches and responsibilities in the management of food chains. The increasingly recognized role of primary food producers requires the support of the scientific community to instruct effective approaches based on scientific data, tools, and expertise. Mali is an emerging food producing area, and this review covers (i) the dairy farming scenario and its environment, (ii) the role of dairy production in food security, including the greatly different animal rearing systems in the Sahel and tropical regions, (iii) risk management pillars as modern infrastructures, effective farmer organizations, and institutional systems to guarantee animal health and safety of products, and (iv) feasible interventions based on good practices and risk assessment at the farm level (e.g., sustainable use of fertilizers, feeds, veterinary drugs, and pesticides) to protect consumers from food safety hazards. Social innovation based on the empowerment of the primary food producers emerges as crucial for sustainable and safe food production. Sustainable policies should be supported by the mobilization of stakeholders of One Health, which is a science-based approach to linking human health and nutrition with the health and management of food producing animals and environmental safety. In the context of the complex, multifaceted scenario of Mali dairy production, this article presents how a cost-effective animal health and food safety scheme could be established in the dairy production chain. Because milk is a major commodity in this country, benefits could be derived in food security, public health, the resilience of the farming system, animal husbandry, and international trade.

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