scholarly journals The endocrine and epigenetic impact of persistent cow milk consumption on prostate carcinogenesis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodo C. Melnik ◽  
Swen Malte John ◽  
Ralf Weiskirchen ◽  
Gerd Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Prostate Carcinogenesis ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Prostate Growth

This review analyzes the potential impact of milk-induced signal transduction on the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Articles in PubMed until November 2021 reporting on milk intake and PCa were reviewed. Epidemiological studies identified commercial cow milk consumption as a potential risk factor of PCa. The potential impact of cow milk consumption on the pathogenesis of PCa may already begin during fetal and pubertal prostate growth, critical windows with increased vulnerability. Milk is a promotor of growth and anabolism via activating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Estrogens, major steroid hormone components of commercial milk of persistently pregnant dairy cows, activate IGF-1 and mTORC1. Milk-derived signaling synergizes with common driver mutations of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway that intersect with androgen receptor, MFG-E8, MAPK, RUNX2, MDM4, TP53, and WNT signaling, respectively. Potential exogenously induced drivers of PCa are milk-induced elevations of growth hormone, IGF-1, MFG-E8, estrogens, phytanic acid, and aflatoxins, as well as milk exosome-derived oncogenic microRNAs including miR-148a, miR-21, and miR-29b. Commercial cow milk intake, especially the consumption of pasteurized milk, which represents the closest replica of native milk, activates PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling via cow milk’s endocrine and epigenetic modes of action. Vulnerable periods for adverse nutrigenomic impacts on prostate health appear to be the fetal and pubertal growth periods, potentially priming the initiation of PCa. Cow milk-mediated overactivation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling synergizes with the most common genetic deviations in PCa, promoting PCa initiation, progression, and early recurrence.

scholarly journals Lifetime Impact of Cow’s Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Bodo C. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling

The consumption of cow’s milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow’s milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow’s milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow’s milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.

scholarly journals Effects of Cow Milk Intake at Breakfast on the Circadian Typology and Mental Health of Japanese Infants Aged 1 - 6 Years

Psychology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Takeuchi ◽  
Kai Wada ◽  
Kiyoko Kawasaki ◽  
Milada Krejci ◽  
Teruki Noji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Japanese Infants ◽  
Circadian Typology

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Microbial Contaminants in Raw Cow Milk of Tangail District in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Mahmud ◽  
Md. Firoz Ali ◽  
Md. Omar Faruque ◽  
Muhammad Wasim ◽  
Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbial quality and associated health Methodology: An intensive study was carried out from January¬ to October 2019 at the Tangail district of Bangladesh to assess bacterial contamination of raw milk. A total of 60 samples were examined by following the standard bacteriological methods and the health impact was evaluated with the help of a semi-structured-based questionnaire. Molecular characterization of isolated bacteria was carried out by PCR. Results: Results revealed the mean values of TVC and TCC in raw milk, udder, oil, and utensil samples were 7.6×106, 8.8×106, 4.6×106, and 1.3×106 cfu/ml and 3.7×105, 1.4×106, 4.4×105, and 8.9×104 cfu/ml, respectively. The yeast and mold in raw milk, udder, and oil were 1.5×103, 1.8×103, and 1.3×102cfu/ml, respectively, and the mean values of E. coli in the above-mentioned samples were 1.9×103, 1.8×104, 2.1×103, and 1.6×103cfu/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the mean values of Salmonella spp. in raw milk, udder, oil, and utensil samples were 2.4×102, 7.9×102, 1.5×102, and 1.1×102cfu/ml, respectively. Some selected isolates confirmed by molecular identification were tested for their sensitivity against some common antibiotics used in Bangladesh. Escherichia coli showed 70% resistance to Amoxicillin and 90% sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin whereas Salmonella spp. And Staphylococcus aureus showed 90% resistance to Ampicillin and both were 80% and 90% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion, Significance, and Impact of Study: Milk producers should be appropriately trained to monitor the overall hygienic conditions surrounding the production and handling of milk until it reaches the consumer. Frequent monitoring of the milk production facility, occasional testing of raw milk, and minimal use of antibiotics will ensure the quality of milk. Consumption of quality milk and avoidance of raw milk consumption will reduce the health risk of the consumers.

Weaning Time

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1131
Author(s):  
HARRY F. LAWS
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Logical Time ◽  
To Come

To the Editor.— There seems to be a great deal of argument as to when a child should be switched from breast/formula to cow's milk. Supportive data are difficult to come by for an exact age, although recommendations abound. The consensus appears to favor the concept that excess cow's milk can lead to problems, especially if started at a very early age. Here is a method that I have been using in my practice for the last few years: Observing that weaning from the breast/bottle to a cup results in decreased milk consumption and overall caloric intake becomes supplemented with solid foods, this weaning time becomes a logical time to suggest starting cow's milk (as a decreased intake, decreases the "risks" associated with cow's milk intake).

scholarly journals Mixing of Apples and Oranges in Milk Research: A Cohort Analysis of Non-Fermented Milk Intake and All-Cause Mortality

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Michaëlsson ◽  
Liisa Byberg
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
P Value ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Category

Mortality in relation to type of milk intake is unclear. We present mortality rates by intake of non-fermented milk fat content type and examine the degree of bias when other fat content types of non-fermented milk are kept in the reference category. For this purpose, we used a longitudinal cohort consisting of 61,433 women who had been administered food frequency questionnaires in 1987–1990 and in 1997, and analyzed time to death. Non-fermented milk consumption was divided into low ≤0.5%, medium 1.5%, or high fat 3%. For each specific type of milk, the first analysis (A) is restricted to those who consumed less than one serving per day of the other milk subtypes. In the second analysis (B), everyone is retained, i.e., leading to a reference category “contaminated” with other milk consumers. During follow-up, 22,391 women died. Highest (≥3 glasses/day) vs. lowest consumption category of milk (<1 glass/day) with 0.5% fat content was associated with a multivariable hazard ratio (HR) of 1.71 (95%CI 1.57–1.86) in analysis A, whereas the same comparison with a “contaminated” reference category in analysis B provided a HR of 1.34 (95%CI 1.24–1.45), p-value for homogeneity <0.0001. The corresponding HRs for 1.5% fat milk were: 1.82 (95%CI 1.63–2.04) and 1.38 (95%CI 1.25–1.51), and for 3% fat milk 1.95 (95%CI 1.77–2.15) and 1.40 (95%CI 1.29–1.52). HR for ≥3 glasses/day of total milk was 1.95 (95%CI 1.84–2.06). We observe a higher mortality in women with high milk consumption, irrespective of milk fat content. A “contaminated” reference group substantially attenuates the actual estimates.

Raw or heated cow milk consumption: Review of risks and benefits

Food Control ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendie L. Claeys ◽  
Sabine Cardoen ◽  
Georges Daube ◽  
Jan De Block ◽  
Koen Dewettinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Risks And Benefits

scholarly journals Increasing Selenium and Vitamin E in Dairy Cow Milk Improves the Quality of the Milk as Food for Children

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlindo Saran Netto ◽  
Márcia Saladini Vieira Salles ◽  
Luiz Carlos Roma Júnior ◽  
Silvia Maria Franciscato Cozzolino ◽  
Maria Teresa Moi Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Beneficial Effects

In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of milk biofortified with antioxidants on the health of children. Two experiments were conducted: experiment one evaluated the milk of 24 Jersey dairy cows (450 ± 25 kg of body weight (BW); 60 ± 30 days in milk dry matter intake (DIM)) given different diet treatments (CON = control diet; COANT = diet with vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants; OIL = diet with sunflower oil; and OANT = diet with sunflower oil containing more vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants), and experiment two evaluated the effect of the milk produced in the first experiment on the health of children (CON = control diet; COANT = diet with vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants; OIL = diet with sunflower oil; OANT = diet with sunflower oil containing more vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants; and SM = skim milk). One hundred children (8 to 10 years old) were evaluated in the second experiment. Blood samples were collected at 0 days of milk intake and 28 and 84 days after the start of milk intake. The cows fed the COANT and OANT diets showed greater selenium and vitamin E concentrations in their milk (p = 0.001), and the children who consumed the milk from those cows had higher concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in their blood (p = 0.001). The platelet (p = 0.001) and lymphocyte (p = 0.001) concentrations were increased in the blood of the children that consumed milk from cows fed the OANT diet compared to those in the children that consumed SM (p = 0.001). The children who consumed milk from cows fed the OIL diet treatment had increased concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol in their blood at the end of the supplementation period compared to children who consumed SM. The results of this study demonstrate that the consumption of biofortified milk increases the blood concentrations of selenium and vitamin E in children, which may be beneficial to their health.

scholarly journals Biogenic Amines Determination in “Plant Milks”

Beverages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gobbi ◽  
Salvatore Ciano ◽  
Mattia Rapa ◽  
Roberto Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Specific Regulation

“Plant milks” are water-based beverages, such as, extracts from cereals, pseudo-cereals, oil seeds, legumes or fruits. Plant milk consumption is rising in European and North American markets due to problems related to cow milk allergies, intolerances, but also because of vegan diets and sensitivity to environmental issues. There is no specific regulation for these beverages, therefore their composition can vary considerably, even in the same category. The aim of this study is to characterize the main categories of cereal and pseudo-cereal milks on the market by studying the profile of 8 biogenic amines (histamine, serotonin, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, β-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, tyramine) through a RP-HPLC/FD method with a pre-column derivatization. Biogenic amines are ubiquitous compounds, produced by the decarboxylation of the respective amino acids and they have been proposed as quality and safety markers of different foods and beverages. In the analyzed samples, the total biogenic amines content ranged from a minimum of 1.92 mg/L, to a maximum of 9.27 mg/L. The main biogenic amine found in the samples was histamine. The results show a low content of biogenic amines in all types of analyzed products. This ensures the quality and safety of cereal and pseudo-cereal milk samples.

Split weaning increases the growth of light piglets during lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Pluske ◽  
IH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Video Recorder ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

The mechanisms of increased growth of small piglets following split weaning were studied using a total of 10 sows and 100 piglets. Sows and their litters were allocated to a treatment group (piglets split-weaned) or control group (no piglets split-weaned). At day 22 of lactation, piglets in each litter were classified as either 'heavy' or 'light', with equal numbers in each group. 'Heavy' piglets were removed from sows at day 22 (s.e.m. 0.17) in split-weaned litters while 'light' piglets remained with their mothers for an extra week. At 29.5 (s.e.m. 0.21) days of age, sows from both split-weaned and control litters were weaned. Milk consumption was estimated between days 16 and 19 and on day 24 of lactation by weighing piglets before and after sucking. During milk letdown, the teats that piglets sucked from were noted. A video recorder was used to determine the frequency of natural sucklings, the proportion of unsuccessful sucklings, and the time taken for piglets to consume milk during ejection, over a 16-h period before and after split weaning. 'Light' piglets in split-weaned litters grew 61% faster (P < 0.001) than their counterparts in control litters and were 15% heavier (P < 0.01) at weaning. This was explained by a 49% increase in milk intake (64 v. 43 g/sucking, P 5 0.001). Increased milk intake was due to multiple teat swapping with an associated longer duration of sucking during letdown. 'Heavy' piglets weaned at 22 days were lighter at 29 days than their counterparts in control litters (P < 0.01). Gains in growth made by 'light' piglets in split-weaned sows over their counterparts in control litters had disappeared by the time pigs were 9 weeks old, and piglets classed as 'heavy' at day 22 of lactation remained heavier ( P < 0.001) at 62 days of age irrespective of treatment.

scholarly journals Milk intake and incident stroke and coronary heart disease in populations of European descent: A Mendelian Randomization study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
L.E.T. Vissers ◽  
I. Sluijs ◽  
S. Burgess ◽  
N.G. Forouhi ◽  
H. Freisling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Residual Confounding

Abstract Higher milk intake has been associated with a lower stroke risk, but not with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Residual confounding or reverse causation cannot be excluded. Therefore, we estimated the causal association of milk consumption with stroke and CHD risk through instrumental variable (IV) and gene-outcome analyses. IV analysis included 29,328 participants (4,611 stroke; 9,828 CHD) of the EPIC-CVD (8 European countries) and EPIC-NL case-cohort studies. rs4988235, a lactase persistence (LP) single nucleotide polymorphism which enables digestion of lactose in adulthood was used as genetic instrument. Intake of milk was first regressed on rs4988235 in a linear regression model. Next, associations of genetically predicted milk consumption with stroke and CHD were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Gene-outcome analysis included 777,024 participants (50,804 cases) from MEGASTROKE (including EPIC-CVD), UK Biobank and EPIC-NL for stroke, and 483,966 participants (61,612 cases) from CARDIoGRAM, UK Biobank and EPIC-CVD and EPIC-NL for CHD. In IV analyses, each additional LP allele was associated with a higher intake of milk in EPIC-CVD (β=13.7 g/day; 95%CI: 8.4-19.1) and EPIC-NL (36.8 g/day; 20.0-53.5). Genetically predicted milk intake was not associated with stroke (HR per 25 g/day 1.05; 95%CI: 0.94-1.16) or CHD (1.02; 0.96-1.08). In gene-outcome analyses, there was no association of rs4988235 with risk of stroke (odds ratios 1.02; 0.99-1.05) or CHD (0.99; 0.95-1.03). Current Mendelian Randomization analysis does not provide evidence for a causal inverse relationship between milk consumption and stroke or CHD risk.

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