Review: Aktivitas Antihiperurisemia Dari Famili Annonaceae

Hiperurisemia adalah suatu kondisi dimana kadar asam urat dalam darah meningkat melebihi batas normal. Kondisi hiperurisemia atau gangguan metabolisme pada asam urat yang terjadi secara terus-menerus akan mendasari terjadinya Gout Arthritis. Di Indonesia, prevalensi penyakit sendi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter pada penduduk umur ≥ 15 tahun sebesar 7,3%, persentase penyakit sendi juga menempati posisi kedua terbesar setelah stroke pada prevalensi penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia berdasarkan diagnosis dokter pada penduduk umur ≥ 15 tahun dilihat dari hasil Riskesdas 2018. Selama satu dekade terakhir, beberapa spesies tanaman dari famili annonaceae seperti sirsak (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. & Th.), srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) dan nona (Annona reticulate L.) telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aktivitas antihiperurisemia baik in vitro, in vivo, maupun uji klinik fase nol. Oleh karena itu, review ini akan membahas aktivitas antihiperurisemia dari beberapa spesies tanaman yang termasuk ke dalam famili annonaceae. Review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait aktivitas antihiperurisemia dari famili annonaceae berdasarkan studi literatur dari artikel-artikel penelitian sebelumnya. Pada review artikel ini digunakan literatur online dan offline. Literatur online didapat dari jurnal publikasi nasional maupun internasional yang diperoleh dari penyedia jurnal di internet. Literatur offline yang digunakan yaitu buku dan e-book. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu beberapa spesies tanaman dari famili annonaceae seperti sirsak (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. & Th.), srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) dan nona (Annona reticulata L.) memiliki aktivitas antihiperurisemia melalui beberapa pengujian baik in vitro dengan uji daya hambat xantin oksidase, in vivo dengan menurunkan kadar asam urat pada hewan uji, serta uji klinik fase nol dengan eksperimental historis (pre-post design) pada responden. Oleh karna itu, diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan untuk hiperurisemia dan dikembangkan sebagai obat antihiperurisemia.Hyperuricemia is a condition wherein the level of uric acid in the blood increases beyond the normal limit. Condition of hyperuricemia or metabolic disorders in uric acid that occurs continuously the occurrence of Gout Arthritis. In Indonesia the prevalence of joint diseases based on the diagnosis of doctors in population age ≥ 15 years 7.3%, the percentage of joint disease also occupy the second largest after stroke in the prevalence of diseases not transmitted in Indonesia based on the diagnosis of doctors in the age population ≥ 15 years seen from the results Riskesdas 2018. Over the last decade, several species of plants from the annonaceae family such as soursop (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. & Th.), sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.) and custard apple (Annona reticulate L.) have been carried out research on the activity of antihyperuricemia in either in vitro, in vivo, or zero-phase clinical trials. Therefore, this review will discuss the activity of antihyperuricemia from several species of plants that belong to the annonaceae family. This Review aims to provide information regarding the activity of antihyperuricemia from the annonaceae family based on literary studies of previous research articles. In this article review used the online and offline literature. Online literature is obtained from national and international publications obtained journals from journal providers on the internet. The offline literature used is books and e-books. The results obtained are several species of plants from the annonaceae family such as soursop (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. & Th), sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.) and custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) have antihyperuricemia activities through several in vitro testing with xanthine oxidase inhibition tests, in vivo by lowering uric acid levels in animal tests, as well as a zero-phase clinical test with historical experimental (pre-post design) respondents. Therefore, it is hoped that it can be an alternative treatment for hyperuricemia and developed as an antihyperuricemia drug. Keywords: antihyperuricemia, uric acid, in vitro, in vivo, zero phase clinical trials

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Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11050614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 614

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar ◽

Sushil Changan ◽

Maharishi Tomar ◽

Uma Prajapati ◽

Vivek Saurabh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Custard Apple ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) belongs to the family Annonaceae and is an important tropical fruit cultivated in the West Indies, South and Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Egypt. Leaves of custard apple plants have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a considerable diversity of phytochemicals. These compounds include phenol-based compounds, e.g., proanthocyanidins, comprising 18 different phenolic compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Extracts from Annona squamosa leaves (ASLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective functions. In the current article, we discussed the nutritional and phytochemical diversity of ASLs. Additionally, ASL extracts were discussed with respect to their biological activities, which were established by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A survey of the literature based on the phytochemical profile and health-promoting effects of ASLs showed that they can be used as potential ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. Although there are sufficient findings available from in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials are still needed to determine the exact effects of ASL extracts on human health.

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Saxifraga ligulata sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Batu Ginjal

10.31227/osf.io/rzwk7 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Stefany Marcellia

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Side Effects ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Potassium Oxalate ◽

Complex Process ◽

Other Substances

Kidney stones are a condition where there are stones or crystals in urinary tract (ureter, bladder, kidneys). It’s because of the results of a complex process from several photochemical processes. This situation occurs, because of the accumulation of compounds such as calcium, uric acid, potassium oxalate, or other substances in the form of crystals. Urine that contains these substances will be difficult to filter by the kidneys, which will then settle and potentially become kidney stones. Medications and treatments that have been applied for kidney stones so far such as ESWL, PNL, open surgery and chemical drugs. These treatments need a lot of money and also have side effects. Continuous consumption of chemical drugs can cause other complications and using shock waves will cause damage to the kidneys. Data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials reveal that the use of herbs such as Saxifraga ligulata as an alternative treatment can be useful and have smaller side effects.

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Annona Genus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200325094422 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (33) ◽

pp. 4056-4091

Author(s):

Débora O. D. Leite ◽

Carla de F. A. Nonato ◽

Cicera J. Camilo ◽

Natália K. G. de Carvalho ◽

Mário G. L. A. da Nobrega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preparation Method ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Plant Part ◽

Biological Information ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Clinical Tests ◽

Annona Cherimola

Species from the Annona (Anonaceae) genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Ethnobotanical studies provide information regarding the plant part and the preparation method being used, while scientific studies such as in vitro, in vivo, and clinical tests can provide evidence supporting ethnopharmacological reports, directing studies towards the isolation of compounds which may be active for specific pathologies. Annona muricata and Annona squamosa were the most commonly reported species from those studied, with Annona cherimola and Annona classiflora also standing out. Acetogenins were the most commonly isolated metabolite class due to their cytotoxic properties, with flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and peptides also being reported. Many species from the Annona genus have proven biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal. The present review had as its objective to facilitate access to ethnobotanical, chemical and biological information in order to direct future researches.

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Saxifraga ligulata sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Batu Ginjal

10.31227/osf.io/ykaqf ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Stefany Marcellia

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Side Effects ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Open Surgery ◽

Potassium Oxalate ◽

Complex Process ◽

Other Substances

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Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

Current Cancer Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1568009620666201120144838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽

Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽

Azizah Ugusman

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Natural Products ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

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Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2506

Author(s):

Wamidh H. Talib ◽

Ahmad Riyad Alsayed ◽

Alaa Abuawad ◽

Safa Daoud ◽

Asma Ismail Mahmod

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽

Different Types ◽

Solid Foundation

Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Results showed the involvement of melatonin in different anticancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, reduction in tumor growth and metastases, reduction in the side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, decreasing drug resistance in cancer therapy, and augmentation of the therapeutic effects of conventional anticancer therapies. Clinical trials revealed that melatonin is an effective adjuvant drug to all conventional therapies. This review summarized melatonin biosynthesis, availability from natural sources, metabolism, bioavailability, anticancer mechanisms of melatonin, its use in clinical trials, and pharmaceutical formulation. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to design and develop new therapies to treat and prevent cancer using melatonin.

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Anti-parasitic activity of Annona muricata L. leaf ethanolic extract and its fractions against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2021.114019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114019

Author(s):

Natália Carnevalli Miranda ◽

Ester Cristina Borges Araujo ◽

Allisson Benatti Justino ◽

Yusmaris Cariaco ◽

Caroline Martins Mota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Parasitic Activity

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Bmk9 and Uricase Nanoparticle Complex for the Treatment of Gouty Arthritis and Uric Acid Nephropathy

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2021.3168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 2071-2084

Author(s):

Tianjiao Han ◽

Meiying Wang ◽

Wenchao Li ◽

Mingxing An ◽

Hongzheng Fu

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Gouty Arthritis ◽

The Body ◽

Key Points ◽

Uric Acid Nephropathy ◽

Charged Carrier ◽

Dual Drug

Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism, and excessive serum uric acid can cause gouty arthritis and uric acid nephropathy. Therefore, lowering the uric acid level and alleviating inflammation in the body are the key points to treating these diseases. A stable nanosuspension of peptide BmK9 was prepared by the precipitation-ultrasonication method. By combining uricase on the surface of a positively charged carrier, a complex consisting of neutral rod-shaped BmK9 and uricase nanoparticles (Nplex) was formed to achieve the delivery of BmK9 and uricase, respectively. The formulation of Nplex has a diameter of 180 nm and drug loading up to 200%, which releases BmK9 and uricase slowly and steadily in drug release tests in vitro. There was significantly improved pharmacokinetic behavior of the two drugs because Nplex prolonged the half-life and increased tissue accumulation. Histological assessments showed that the dual drug Nplex can reduce the inflammation response in acute gouty arthritis and chronic uric acid nephropathy in vivo. In the macrophage system, there was lower toxicity and increased beneficial effect on inflammation with Nplex than free BmK9 or uricase. Collectively, this novel formulation provides a dual drug delivery system that can treat gouty arthritis and uric acid nephropathy.

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Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

E.S. El-Wakil ◽

H.F. Abdelmaksoud ◽

T.S. AbouShousha ◽

M.M.I. Ghallab

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Drug Effects ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Control Group ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Group I ◽

Small Intestinal

Abstract Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media – group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) – then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults’ cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.

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