scholarly journals Saxifraga ligulata sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Batu Ginjal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefany Marcellia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Other Substances

Kidney stones are a condition where there are stones or crystals in urinary tract (ureter, bladder, kidneys). It’s because of the results of a complex process from several photochemical processes. This situation occurs, because of the accumulation of compounds such as calcium, uric acid, potassium oxalate, or other substances in the form of crystals. Urine that contains these substances will be difficult to filter by the kidneys, which will then settle and potentially become kidney stones. Medications and treatments that have been applied for kidney stones so far such as ESWL, PNL, open surgery and chemical drugs. These treatments need a lot of money and also have side effects. Continuous consumption of chemical drugs can cause other complications and using shock waves will cause damage to the kidneys. Data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials reveal that the use of herbs such as Saxifraga ligulata as an alternative treatment can be useful and have smaller side effects.

scholarly journals Saxifraga ligulata sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Batu Ginjal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefany Marcellia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Other Substances

Kidney stones are a condition where there are stones or crystals in urinary tract (ureter, bladder, kidneys). It’s because of the results of a complex process from several photochemical processes. This situation occurs, because of the accumulation of compounds such as calcium, uric acid, potassium oxalate, or other substances in the form of crystals. Urine that contains these substances will be difficult to filter by the kidneys, which will then settle and potentially become kidney stones. Medications and treatments that have been applied for kidney stones so far such as ESWL, PNL, open surgery and chemical drugs. These treatments need a lot of money and also have side effects. Continuous consumption of chemical drugs can cause other complications and using shock waves will cause damage to the kidneys. Data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials reveal that the use of herbs such as Saxifraga ligulata as an alternative treatment can be useful and have smaller side effects.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants as a Drug Alternative Source for the Antigout Therapy in Morocco

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nour Elhouda Daoudi ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrim ◽  
Hayat Ouassou ◽  
Mohamed Bnouham
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors ◽  
High Level

Background. The gout is a metabolic disease that is associated with a high level of uric acid in the blood. This disease is treated with some medications that aim to reduce serum urate levels. However, the use of various medicines leads to the appearance of some side effects, hence the importance of using other treatments based on natural resources. Objective. This study presents some medical treatments, their side effects, and some plants that are used for gout management in Morocco in the aim to valorize them. Methods. We have been consulting various English publications in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect published between 1991 and 2019 using the following keywords “drugs,” “gout,” “Morocco,” “medicinal plants,” “in vitro,” and “in vivo” terms. Then, we have classified the medicines, according to their action mechanisms, and we have cited some species that were reported in Moroccan pharmacopeia as antigout. Results. Three methods of the gout medical management were cited in this work: xanthine oxidase inhibitors, uric acid excretion enhancer, and uricase recombinant. However, it was found that these treatments had various side effects. We have described 23 species, and some of them showed experimentally an antigout effect by blocking the “xanthine oxidase” enzyme. These plants belong to 11 families. Lamiaceae represents the most dominant family with six species followed by Asteraceae with two species. Colchicine isolated from Colchicum autumnale is the most known compound for its efficiency towards gout. Conclusion. This work summarized different treatments particularly medicinal plants that are used in Morocco to treat gout disease by blocking uric acid secretion. However, several studies are needed to valorize these antigout natural sources.

Ciprofloxacin

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane K. Terp ◽  
Michael J. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Oral Preparation

Ciprofloxacin is a new fluorinated quinolone antibiotic with high activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical trials using the oral preparation of ciprofloxacin have demonstrated its effectiveness in a wide variety of infections. In addition, extensive clinical trials with the intravenous preparation are underway. In vitro and in vivo studies with ciprofloxacin have reported the incidence of resistant organisms to be very low. In addition, the incidence of ciprofloxacin-related side effects throughout its clinical trials has been minimal. Most reports of side effects have been related to the gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea or vomiting. The incidence of adverse experiences in worldwide clinical trials has been reported to be approximately 6.4 percent.

scholarly journals The use of chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of hard-healing wounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 768-781
Author(s):  
Marta Kędzierska ◽  
Katarzyna Miłowska
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Other Substances

Wound healing is a complex process that engages skin cells, the blood, the immune system and a number of circulating substances in the body. Infections, contamination of the wound or a vast area of damage complicate and delay the natural process of skin regeneration. The incidence of hard-to-heal wounds is an increasingly common problem, because they can significantly impair the quality of life of the patient. For this reason, it is extremely important to look for factors (drugs, dressings or other substances) that could accelerate and relieve wound healing. Among many compounds in the area of medical engineering interest, attention should be paid to natural polysaccharides, e.g. chitosan and alginate. This article is devoted to biomaterials that play an important role in the treatment of chronic wounds. These include the following: hydrogels, non-wovens, membranes and chitosan sponges as well as chitosan-alginate composites or chitosan composites combined with zinc oxide and nanosilver. The material, which has chitosan as a base, works on all stages of the healing process. Many in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies that provide the basis for using chitosan materials as a substitute for conventional bandages and dressings have been carried out. At the stage of hemostasis, it accelerates platelet aggregation and the formation of a fibrin clot. In the inflamed stage, they cause the proliferation of neutrophils and macrophages that cleanse the wound, releasing cytokines at the wound site. Studies have shown that chitosan mimics the native extracellular matrix, providing the optimal microenvironment for the wound.

scholarly journals Review: Aktivitas Antihiperurisemia Dari Famili Annonaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Aditya Aditya ◽  
Doni Anshar Nuari ◽  
Sitti Fatimah Putri Hasyul
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Limit Condition ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Annona Reticulata ◽  
Zero Phase

Hiperurisemia adalah suatu kondisi dimana kadar asam urat dalam darah meningkat melebihi batas normal. Kondisi hiperurisemia atau gangguan metabolisme pada asam urat yang terjadi secara terus-menerus akan mendasari terjadinya Gout Arthritis. Di Indonesia, prevalensi penyakit sendi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter pada penduduk umur ≥ 15 tahun sebesar 7,3%, persentase penyakit sendi juga menempati posisi kedua terbesar setelah stroke pada prevalensi penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia berdasarkan diagnosis dokter pada penduduk umur ≥ 15 tahun dilihat dari hasil Riskesdas 2018. Selama satu dekade terakhir, beberapa spesies tanaman dari famili annonaceae seperti sirsak (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F.  & Th.), srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) dan nona (Annona reticulate L.) telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aktivitas antihiperurisemia baik in vitro, in vivo, maupun uji klinik fase nol. Oleh karena itu, review ini akan membahas aktivitas antihiperurisemia dari beberapa spesies tanaman yang termasuk ke dalam famili annonaceae. Review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait aktivitas antihiperurisemia dari famili annonaceae berdasarkan studi literatur dari artikel-artikel penelitian sebelumnya. Pada review artikel ini digunakan literatur online dan offline. Literatur online didapat dari jurnal publikasi nasional maupun internasional yang diperoleh dari penyedia jurnal di internet. Literatur offline yang digunakan yaitu buku dan e-book. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu beberapa spesies tanaman dari famili annonaceae seperti sirsak (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. & Th.), srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) dan nona (Annona reticulata L.) memiliki aktivitas antihiperurisemia melalui beberapa pengujian baik in vitro dengan uji daya hambat xantin oksidase, in vivo dengan menurunkan kadar asam urat pada hewan uji, serta uji klinik fase nol dengan eksperimental historis (pre-post design) pada responden. Oleh karna itu, diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan untuk hiperurisemia dan dikembangkan sebagai obat antihiperurisemia.Hyperuricemia is a condition wherein the level of uric acid in the blood increases beyond the normal limit. Condition of hyperuricemia or metabolic disorders in uric acid that occurs continuously the occurrence of Gout Arthritis. In Indonesia the prevalence of joint diseases based on the diagnosis of doctors in population age ≥ 15 years 7.3%, the percentage of joint disease also occupy the second largest after stroke in the prevalence of diseases not transmitted in Indonesia based on the diagnosis of doctors in the age population ≥ 15 years seen from the results Riskesdas 2018. Over the last decade, several species of plants from the annonaceae family such as soursop (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F.  & Th.), sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.) and custard apple (Annona reticulate L.) have been carried out research on the activity of antihyperuricemia in either in vitro, in vivo, or zero-phase clinical trials. Therefore, this review will discuss the activity of antihyperuricemia from several species of plants that belong to the annonaceae family. This Review aims to provide information regarding the activity of antihyperuricemia from the annonaceae family based on literary studies of previous research articles. In this article review used the online and offline literature. Online literature is obtained from national and international publications obtained journals from journal providers on the internet. The offline literature used is books and e-books. The results obtained are several species of plants from the annonaceae family such as soursop (Annona muricata L.), kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook. F. & Th), sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.) and custard apple (Annona reticulata L.) have antihyperuricemia activities through several in vitro testing with xanthine oxidase inhibition tests, in vivo by lowering uric acid levels in animal tests, as well as a zero-phase clinical test with historical experimental (pre-post design) respondents. Therefore, it is hoped that it can be an alternative treatment for hyperuricemia and developed as an antihyperuricemia drug. Keywords: antihyperuricemia, uric acid, in vitro, in vivo, zero phase clinical trials 

A Comparative Ex Vivo Study of Plasminogen Activators and Proteases for Fibrinolytic Activity and Side Effects in Rabbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A Janik ◽  
S. E Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay

SummaryUrokinase, streptokinase, Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687, a bacterial exoprotease, have been evaluated in an ex vivo assay system. These enzymes were injected into rabbits and the fibrinolytic activity as well as other coagulation parameters were measured by in vitro techniques. Dose-response correlations have been made using the euglobulin lysis time as a measure of fibrinolytic activity and the 50% effective dose has been determined for each enzyme. Loading doses, equal to four times the 50% effective dose, were administered to monitor potential toxicity revealing that Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687 were very toxic at this concentration.Having established the 50% effective dose for each enzyme, further testing was conducted where relevant fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters were measured for up to two days following a 50% effective dose bolus injection of each enzyme. Our results have demonstrated that urokinase and streptokinase are plasminogen activators specifically activating the rabbit fibrinolytic system while Brinase, trypsin and SN 687 increase the general proteolytic activity in vivo.The advantages of this ex vivo assay system for evaluating relative fibrinolytic potencies and side effects for plasminogen activators and fibrinolytic proteases have been discussed.

Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
D.K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

Mannose Conjugated Starch Nanoparticles for Preferential Targeting of Liver Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhlesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Hitesh Sahu ◽  
Keerti Mishra ◽  
Suresh Thareja
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles

Aim: To design D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for site specific delivery. Background: Liver cancer is the third leading cause of death in world and fifth most often diagnosed cancer is the major global threat to public health. Treatment of liver cancer with conventional method bears several side effects, thus to undertake these side effects as a formulation challenge, it is necessary to develop novel target specific drug delivery system for the effective and better localization of drug into the proximity of target with restricting the movement of drug in normal tissues. Objective: To optimize and characterize the developed D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for effective treatment of liver cancer. Materials and methods: 5-FU loaded JFSSNPs were prepared and optimized formulation had higher encapsulation efficiency were conjugated with D-Mannose. These formulations were characterized for size, morphology, zeta potential, X-Ray Diffraction, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Potential of NPs were studied using in vitro cytotoxicity assay, in vivo kinetic studies and bio-distribution studies. Result and discussion: 5-Fluorouracil loaded NPs had particle size between 336 to 802nm with drug entrapment efficiency was between 64.2 to 82.3%. In XRD analysis, 5-FU peak was diminished in the diffractogram, which could be attributed to the successful incorporation of drug in amorphous form. DSC study suggests there was no physical interaction between 5- FU and Polymer. NPs showed sustained in vitro 5-FU release up to 2 hours. In vivo, mannose conjugated NPs prolonged the plasma level of 5-FU and assist selective accumulation of 5-FU in the liver (vs other organs spleen, kidney, lungs and heart) compared to unconjugated one and plain drug. Conclusion: In vivo, bio-distribution and plasma profile studies resulted in significantly higher concentration of 5- Fluorouracil liver suggesting that these carriers are efficient, viable, and targeted carrier of 5-FU treatment of liver cancer.

Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Plant-Derived Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar ◽  
Nurul Iman Natasya Zulkafali ◽  
Azizah Ugusman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent metallo-endopeptidase that are responsible towards the degradation, repair and remodelling of extracellular matrix components. MMPs play an important role in maintaining a normal physiological function and preventing diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products derived from plants have been used as traditional medicine for centuries. Its active compounds, such as catechin, resveratrol and quercetin, are suggested to play an important role as MMPs inhibitors, thereby opening new insights into their applications in many fields, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. This review summarises the current knowledge on plant-derived natural products with MMP-modulating activities. Most of the reviewed plant-derived products exhibit an inhibitory activity on MMPs. Amongst MMPs, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the most studied. The expression of MMPs is inhibited through respective signalling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB and PI3 kinase pathways, which contribute to the reduction in cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation and migration. Most studies have employed in vitro models, but a limited number of animal studies and clinical trials have been conducted. Even though plant-derived products show promising results in modulating MMPs, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to support their therapeutic applications in the future.

scholarly journals Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2506
Author(s):  
Wamidh H. Talib ◽  
Ahmad Riyad Alsayed ◽  
Alaa Abuawad ◽  
Safa Daoud ◽  
Asma Ismail Mahmod
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solid Foundation

Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Results showed the involvement of melatonin in different anticancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, reduction in tumor growth and metastases, reduction in the side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, decreasing drug resistance in cancer therapy, and augmentation of the therapeutic effects of conventional anticancer therapies. Clinical trials revealed that melatonin is an effective adjuvant drug to all conventional therapies. This review summarized melatonin biosynthesis, availability from natural sources, metabolism, bioavailability, anticancer mechanisms of melatonin, its use in clinical trials, and pharmaceutical formulation. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to design and develop new therapies to treat and prevent cancer using melatonin.

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