Structural performance of URM school buildings during the 2019 Albania earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Marjo Hysenlliu ◽  
Huseyin Bilgin ◽  
Altin Bidaj ◽  
Marsed Leti
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations

This paper aims to study the seismic performance of school buildings, which have been built in accordance with template unreinforced masonry [URM] school projects in Albania. For this purpose, the most widely used two template designs which were damaged during the 2019 Durrës (Albania) Earthquakes, have been selected. Analytical models of each school were prepared following the experimental data on the quality of the masonry constitutive components of the selected school buildings. Geotechnical investigations were deployed to obtain the soil characteristics of the area where the schools’ foundation are located. Nonlinear static analyses have been performed to obtain the seismic capacity, the performance point and the damage level states. The performance-based method has been used to that purpose. The detailed examination of capacity curves and performance evaluation identified deficiencies and weak parts of the school building blocks. Results have shown that existing school buildings constructed pre-modern codes are far from satisfying the required performance criteria, suggesting that urgent response and necessary measure should be put into action.

Mechanical Analysis for the Assessment of the Seismic Capacity of Masonry Buildings’ Classes in the City Centre of Sulmona (Italy)

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 623-628
Author(s):  
Marco Munari ◽  
Gianluca Busolo ◽  
Maria Rosa Valluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Displacement Capacity ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

A mechanical based method for the evaluation of the seismic capacity of masonry buildings’ classes in terms of damage limit states is presented: the purpose of the study is to achieve, in the framework of vulnerability analyses at territorial scale, reliable values for the damage level of vulnerability classes of masonry buildings, depending on the seismic input level. This approach is, in fact, designed as a “1st level” tool based on easily traceable information provided by expeditious surveys. Once identified a limited number of typological, physical and mechanical parameters that are necessary to define each vulnerability class, a significant number of simplified models of masonry buildings belonging to each class has been created. Non-linear static analysis of these models allowed the creation of bilinear elastic perfectly plastic capacity curves: the displacement capacity described by these curves is related with the actual displacement values required by seismic intensities associated to different return periods. It is so possible to identify, for different vulnerability classes and different seismic inputs, the loss of capacity in terms of damage level of each building. An application of the method to models representative of masonry buildings in the historical centre of Sulmona, in L’Aquila province, and a comparison of the results with others obtained with other methodologies of assessment are presented.

scholarly journals Seismic capacity evaluation of unreinforced masonry residential buildings in Albania

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3753-3764 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bilgin ◽  
O. Korini
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Principal Directions

Abstract. This study evaluates seismic capacity of the unreinforced masonry buildings with the selected template designs constructed per pre-modern code in Albania considering nonlinear behaviour of masonry. Three residential buildings with template designs were selected to represent an important percentage of residential buildings in medium-size cities located in seismic regions of Albania. Selection of template designed buildings and material properties were based on archive and site survey in several cities of Albania. Capacity curves of investigated buildings were determined by pushover analyses conducted in two principal directions. The seismic performances of these buildings have been determined for various earthquake levels. Seismic capacity evaluation was carried out in accordance with FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) 440 guidelines. Reasons for building damages in past earthquakes are examined using the results of capacity assessment of investigated buildings. It is concluded that of the residential buildings with the template design, with the exception of one, are far from satisfying required performance criteria. Furthermore, deficiencies and possible solutions to improve the capacity of investigated buildings are discussed.

scholarly journals Simulation modeling and analysis of job release policies in scheduling an agile job shop with process sequence dependent setting time

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T. Vinod ◽  
S. Prabagaran ◽  
O.A. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Job Shop ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Due Dates ◽  
Priority Rules ◽  
Work In Process ◽  
Sequence Dependent

This paper analyses the effects of job release policies, priority scheduling rules and setup times on the performance of a dynamic job shop in a sequence dependent setup time environment. Two job release policies namely, immediate job release and job release based on a specified work-in-process are investigated. A simulation model of a realistic manufacturing system is developed for detailed analysis. The dynamic total work content method is adopted to assign the due dates of jobs. Six priority rules are applied for prioritizing jobs for processing on machines. Several performance criteria are considered for analyzing the system performance. The simulation results are used to conduct statistical tests. Analytical models have been formulated to represent the simulation model for post-simulation studies. These models are found to yield a satisfactory estimation of the system outputs.

A Review of the Accuracy of Force- and Deformation-Based Methods in Determining the Seismic Capacity of Rehabilitated RC School Buildings

2019 ◽  
pp. 1090-1113
Author(s):  
Orkun Gorgulu ◽  
Beyza Taskin
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Deformation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Infill Wall ◽  
Hazard Level

This chapter focuses on the comparison of the conventional linear force-based method with the advanced nonlinear deformation-based method that are commonly preferred to investigate the seismic performances of the existing RC school buildings. School buildings which have different structural characteristics and RC infill wall index are generated from an existing school's layout plan. During the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seven recorded earthquake motions which are scaled in accordance with the Turkish Earthquake Code are employed. Seismic performances of the school buildings against the two different earthquake hazard level are evaluated considering not only various RC infill wall indexes but also different material strengths and number of stories in terms of limit states specified in the code. In order to determine the most appropriate method related to material strength, floor level and RC infill wall index for the seismic strengthening of the existing RC school buildings, the obtained linear forced and nonlinear deformation based analyses results are compared to each other.

Evaluating Complex Inlet Distortion With a Parallel Compressor Model: Part 1—Concepts, Theory, Extensions, and Limitations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Cousins ◽  
Milt W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
Test Operation ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Modeling compression systems using parallel compressor theory has been used for the analysis of compression system operability since the 1960s. Parallel compressor models have been traditionally designed and used for the analysis of circumferential distortion effects as a means to evaluate the impact of various inlet flow field disturbances on compressor operation. This paper (the first of two) provides a review of the parallel compressor concept and discusses extensions to the original theory. These extensions include the incorporation of dynamic response, application to complex distortions, and the application to inlet swirl. Understanding these effects and the application of parallel compressor theory extensions is required to produce analytical models and computer simulations that can be used to enhance the development testing and the understanding of the response of gas turbine compression systems. Once a computer simulation has been constructed for a particular test article, it can be exercised and results compared against test results where distortion-generator devices (such as distortion screens) have been used, generally with favorable accuracy. The usefulness of the extended parallel compressor model is derived from its ease of use, simplicity, and ability for quick turn-around of results. It is often more desirable to have an analysis capability that is easy and quick to use than to have one that is extremely accurate, especially when understanding basic physics is of primary concern during a test operation. Extreme accuracy may require large amounts of computer resources and take days or weeks to compute a single performance point. While this may be acceptable for design, the limitations of high-fidelity simulations make them impractical to use due to the time constraints imposed by the pace of testing. Applying a timely analysis capability, using a parallel compressor simulation can provide a new physical understanding of the effects of complex distortion during the testing process when comparing the analytical and test results. This concept is presented in two companion papers: the first paper, Part 1, concentrates on the parallel compressor concepts, theory and limitations of the methodology while the second paper, Part 2 [1] presents applications of the approximate methods developed and compares results with experimental data.

Development and validation of simplified mechanics-based capacity curves for scenario-based risk assessment of school buildings in Basel

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 110290
Author(s):  
Pia Hannewald ◽  
Clotaire Michel ◽  
Pierino Lestuzzi ◽  
Helen Crowley ◽  
Justine Pinguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Assessment of User Comfort Aspects of Industrialized Building Systems using PROMETHEE and Delphi

2015 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
S. Shahbazi ◽  
S. Sepasgozar ◽  
B. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Acoustic Insulation ◽  
Performance Point ◽  
User Comfort

Modern construction methods and systems offer many advantages to project stakeholders. However, the process of decision making of selecting an appropriate system is complicated to clients of large and complex projects. The paper presents the result of the study in selecting a structural system out of five intensively used alternatives based on user comfort performance criteria. The alternatives were evaluated using a Delphi-type technique, because the result will be based on a consensus, and the discussion made during the interviews will provide profounder understanding of alternatives’ priorities. A total of six participants from both academic and the construction industry were invited to carefully examine each alternative from both designer and construction performance point of views. They were asked to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each structural system considering all related factors such as material specifications, system requirements and limitations, and construction performance. The discussion is structured by using a framework consists of four main criteria: exploitation quality and hygiene, thermal and acoustic insulation, psychological issues, and architectural flexibility summarized by a consensus point. The participants also were asked to weight the criteria based on pairwise comparison technique. The alternative priorities and the weighted list of criteria then used as input of PROMETHEE to rank construction methods based on four ‘user comfort’ performance criteria. The result of the study reveals that Light Steel Frame (LSF) was the superior construction method in terms of user comfort performance criteria. The main reasons are that LSF has a higher performance in thermal and acoustic insulation and can be very flexible to various architectural plans. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by utilising a procedure of decision making method to select to an appropriate industrialized building system by examining key factors of user comfort attributes.

scholarly journals Penilaian Kondisi Bangunan Gedung Sekolah Dasar Negeri Studi Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kabupaten Madiun

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Parmo Parmo ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Sucipto ◽  
Sumarkan Sumarkan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Quality ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Successful Education

Facilities and infrastructure are important elements to achieve the successful education and teaching process. The procurement of adequate and standardized buildings become an effort to comply with the minimum standards of infrastructure required by the government. This study focus on conducting an analyzis the damage level at State Primary School (SDN) buildings in Madiun regency.Building condition assessment conducted through a direct surveys and then proceed by weighting the data to obtain the level of damage categorized as good, minor, moderate and heavily damaged . Among the 431 of state primary school buildings surveyed, 36.53% of the classrooms in a minor damage while 25.42% others considered heavily damaged. For the teacher's office, 38.04% were in a minor damage, while 23.23% others considered heavily damaged. For  the library buildings, 38.14% of them considered in a minor damage and 24.53% others heavily damaged. For teacher latrines condition, 49.53% of teacher latrines considered heavily damaged, while 24.03% were moderate damage. While 49.82% of student latrines were heavily damaged and 23.49% others considered in a moderate damage.From the assessment, it can be concluded that the latrines facility repairment, both for teachers and students, should become top priority for the local government in the implementation of school quality improvement programs.buildings condition, level of damage, primary school building

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