Caractéristiques de pectines de marcs de raisins provenant d'essais comparatifs de vinification en rouge

<p style="text-align: justify;">The pectins extracted in a hot acid medium (pH 1,4 at 70 °C for 4 hours) from Carignan pomace washed in hot water (75 °C, 30 mn) desceded and pipped stemmed are different according to the vinification methods. in traditional vinifica tion with crushed grapes, there are changes during the fermentation on skins (reduction in the arnount extracted and in the quality of the pectins). The pectin extract from marc of heat-treated vintage (5,4 % dry weight) contains 77 % galacturonic acid esterified to 52 %, with a jellying power of 63 ° JAKOVLIV or 31 0 SAG. Due to its poor jellying power, it is not possible to forsee and industrial recuperation from the pomace of this variety.</p>

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Quantitative assessment of German Holstein dairy cattle colostrum and impact of thermal treatment on quality of colostrum viscosity and immunoglobulins

10.21203/rs.2.23694/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan ◽

Sebastian Ganz ◽

Florian Schneider ◽

Axel Wehrend ◽

Izhar U.H. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dynamic Viscosity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Before And After ◽

C 30 ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to determine the color, fat, viscosity, IgG concentration, %Brix and refractive index of fresh postpartum colostrum of German Holstein dairy cattle and assess the impact of different thermal treatments on the visual and dynamic viscosity, in association to IgG concentration, of colostrum that can be used for pasteurization process. Results: Of the total 40 fresh postpartum colostrum, the color of colostrum (white-pale yellow to yellow and dark-yellowish), fat (1.4 - 8.2 100 g-1), IgG (4 - 116 mg mL-1), %Brix (8.5 - 35.4%), refractive index (1.3454 - 1.3905 nD), visual (ranging from watery to liquid and thick) and dynamic (4.9 - 219 cp) viscosity, were recorded. Statistical analysis between visual and dynamic viscosity of fresh colostrum showed significant correlation coefficients (rs = 634). Moreover, a significant correlation between viscosity and three IgG concentrations was observed. Heat-treated colostrum showed dynamic viscosity ranged from 25 to 3066 cP, where dynamic viscosity of colostrum before- and after heat-treatment showed no significant correlation. Treated colostrum containing IgG concentration ≤80 mg mL-1 at 60°C/60 min and ≤68 mg mL-1 at 63.5°C/30 min showed no significant change in the viscosity and can successfully be applied for pasteurization of first postpartum colostrum.

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Response of Zonal and Ivy Geraniums to Root Medium pH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.766e ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 766E-767

Author(s):

Pauline H. Kaufmann* ◽

P. Allen Hammer

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Research Data ◽

Medium Ph ◽

Root Medium ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Media ◽

Garden Plant ◽

Published Research

In 2002 the USDA reported potted geraniums accounted for $150 million in wholesale value, more than any other bedding or garden plant surveyed. Despite the importance of the geranium in floriculture production, little published research data is available pertaining to the media pH requirements of zonal and ivy geraniums. Current recommendations suggest zonal geraniums be grown at pH 5.7-6.6 and ivy geraniums at pH 5.0-6.2. The wide range in root medium pH recommendations for both zonal and ivy geraniums and the lack of research data prompted this research. Also, the basis for recommending a lower medium pH for ivy geraniums could not be found in published literature. The research objectives were to investigate the effect of medium pH on plant growth and to determine more precise recommendations for both species. The growth of 3 cultivars each of zonal and ivy geraniums growing in 8 medium pH treatments were evaluated. Limestone and hydrated lime were incorporated at increasing rates into a 1:1:1 peat, perlite and bark mix to achieve a medium pH ranging from pH 4.0-7.5. Plants were harvested at weeks 3, 6, and 11 and plant dry weight and media pH were determined. Leaf luminance, chroma and hue were evaluated at week 10. Plant dry weight was greatest at pH 6.55 or higher for both zonal and ivy geraniums at week 11. Leaves of plants grown at pH 6.55 or higher had significantly lower luminance and chroma and greater hue in all cultivars, corresponding to leaves that were darker, less vivid, and deeper green in color. This study shows a root medium pH greater than pH 6.5 results in greatest plant dry weight accumulation and quality of leaf color for both zonal and ivy geraniums. This study also shows ivy geraniums can be grown at the same media pH as zonal geraniums.

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Quantitative assessment of German Holstein dairy cattle colostrum and impact of thermal treatment on quality of colostrum viscosity and immunoglobulins

10.21203/rs.2.23694/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan ◽

Sebastian Ganz ◽

Florian Schneider ◽

Axel Wehrend ◽

Izhar U.H. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dynamic Viscosity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Before And After ◽

C 30 ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to determine the color, fat, viscosity, IgG concentration, %Brix and refractive index of fresh postpartum colostrum of German Holstein dairy cattle and assess the impact of different thermal treatments on the visual and dynamic viscosity, in association to IgG concentration, of colostrum that can be used for pasteurization process.Results: Of the total 40 fresh postpartum colostrum, the color of colostrum (white-pale yellow to yellow and dark-yellowish), fat (1.4 - 8.2 100 g-1), IgG (4 - 116 mg mL-1), %Brix (8.5 - 35.4%), refractive index (1.3454 - 1.3905 nD), visual (ranging from watery to liquid and thick) and dynamic (4.9 - 219 cp) viscosity, were recorded. Statistical analysis between visual and dynamic viscosity of fresh colostrum showed significant correlation coefficients (rs = 634). Moreover, a significant correlation between viscosity and three IgG concentrations was observed. Heat-treated colostrum showed dynamic viscosity ranged from 25 to 3066 cP, where dynamic viscosity of colostrum before- and after heat-treatment showed no significant correlation. Treated colostrum containing IgG concentration ≤80 mg mL-1 at 60°C/60 min and ≤68 mg mL-1 at 63.5°C/30 min showed no significant change in the viscosity and can successfully be applied for pasteurization of first postpartum colostrum.

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Market Quality of Guavas after Hot-water Quarantine Treatment and Application of Carnauba Wax Coating

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.2.271 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 271-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Raymond G. McGuire

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Hot Water ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Peel Color ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Wax Coating

Immersion of guavas (Psidium guajava L.) for 35 min in water at 46.1 ± 0.2 °C slowed softening, sweetening, and color development of fruit and delayed ripening by 2 days. Heat treatment also increased susceptibility to chilling injury, decay, and weight loss in storage, but overall loss of quality was minimal. Waxing fruit within 90 min of heat treatment exacerbated chilling injury, further delayed ripening with a concomitant increase in the percentage of fruit not ripening, and caused fruit to remain greener. Waxed fruit had a lower acidity and soluble solids concentration and did not appear to ripen normally. Although heating did not appreciably affect the percentage of fruit that failed to ripen, the combination of heating and nearly immediate waxing increased the proportion not ripening to 45%. Heat and wax treatments, alone or in combination, caused CO2 levels to increase significantly before the initiation of ripening, but waxing also reduced the O2 content of fruit at this time. Before ripening, O2 levels were inversely correlated (r ≤ – 0.950) with injury, firmness, date and percentage of fruit ripening, and pH and directly correlated (r ≥ 0.950) with peel color and the concentration of acids and sugars in the pulp. Delaying the waxing of heat-treated guavas or reconditioning them for 24 h at 20 °C before cold storage promoted normal ripening and helped to maintain the quality of heat-treated fruit.

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Quality of Carambolas Subjected to Postharvest Hot Water Immersion and Vapor Heat Treatments

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.3.286 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 286-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Guy J. Hallman

Keyword(s):

Water Immersion ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Hot Water ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Solids Content ◽

And Control ◽

Hot Water Immersion

`Arkin' carambolas (Averrhoa carambola L.) were subjected to the fruit fly quarantine treatments of hot water immersion at 43.3 to 43.6C for 55 or 70 rein, 46.0 to 46.3C for 35 or 45 rein, or 49.0 to 49.3C for 25 or 35 rein, or vapor heat at 43.3 to 43.6C for 90 to 120 rein, 46.0 to 46.3C for 60 or 90 rein, or 49.0 to 49.3C for 45 or 60 min. Marketability, color, weight loss, internal appearance, flavor, total acids, and soluble solids content were determined. The 49.0 to 49.3C treatments resulted in excessive damage to the carambolas 2 to 4 days after treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in the variables measured among the other treatments and control; however, heat-treated carambolas appeared duller in color than control fruits. Overall, fruit treated at 46.0 to 46.3C lost significantly more weight than that treated at 43.3 to 43.6C.

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High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Life ◽

10.3390/life11020114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Diana Escuder-Vieco ◽

Juan M. Rodríguez ◽

Irene Espinosa-Martos ◽

Nieves Corzo ◽

Antonia Montilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Human Milk ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Donor Human Milk ◽

High Temperature Short Time ◽

Lactose Concentration ◽

C 30 ◽

Milk Banks ◽

Short Time

Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.

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Quality of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) influenced by microwave and hot water pasteurization

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107936 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 107936

Author(s):

Zhi Qu ◽

Zhongwei Tang ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Shyam S. Sablani ◽

Carolyn F. Ross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Hot Water ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Green Beans

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Co-Microencapsulated Black Rice Anthocyanins and Lactic Acid Bacteria: Evidence on Powders Profile and In Vitro Digestion

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2579

Author(s):

Carmen-Alina Bolea ◽

Mihaela Cotârleț ◽

Elena Enachi ◽

Vasilica Barbu ◽

Nicoleta Stănciuc

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hot Water ◽

Raw Material ◽

Black Rice

Two multi-functional powders, in terms of anthocyanins from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus paracasei, L. casei 431®) were obtained through co-microencapsulation into a biopolymer matrix composed of milk proteins and inulin. Two extracts were obtained using black rice flour as a raw material and hot water and ethanol as solvents. Both powders (called P1 for aqueous extract and P2 for ethanolic extract) proved to be rich sources of valuable bioactives, with microencapsulation efficiency up to 80%, both for anthocyanins and lactic acid bacteria. A higher content of anthocyanins was found in P1, of 102.91 ± 1.83 mg cyanindin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)/g dry weight (DW) when compared with only 27.60 ± 17.36 mg C3G/g DW in P2. The morphological analysis revealed the presence of large, thin, and fragile structures, with different sizes. A different pattern of gastric digestion was observed, with a highly protective effect of the matrix in P1 and a maximum decrease in anthocyanins of approximatively 44% in P2. In intestinal juice, the anthocyanins decreased significantly in P2, reaching a maximum of 97% at the end of digestion; whereas in P1, more than 45% from the initial anthocyanins content remained in the microparticles. Overall, the short-term storage stability test revealed a release of bioactive from P2 and a decrease in P1. The viable cells of lactic acid bacteria after 21 days of storage reached 7 log colony forming units (CFU)/g DW.

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Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 419

Author(s):

Siaka Dembélé ◽

Robert B. Zougmoré ◽

Adama Coulibaly ◽

John P. A. Lamers ◽

Jonathan P. Tetteh

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Hot Water ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Simple Method ◽

Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

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Ultraviolet Transparency of Plastic Films Determines the Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown in a Greenhouse

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Deissy Giovanna Quintero-Arias ◽

John Fabio Acuña-Caita ◽

Carlos Asensio ◽

Juan Luis Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

High Altitude ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Yield Component ◽

Plastic Film ◽

Area Index ◽

Plastic Films ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Cycle Growth

The quality of red lettuce is based on the content of anthocyanin pigments, and the content of these pigments increases when the plant receives ultraviolet radiation. Lettuce crops are increasingly being grown in greenhouses to provide better quality fresh lettuce; however, both quality and productivity are affected by the type of cover used. The effects of UV-transparent and UV-blocking plastic films on the growth and quality of three lettuce cultivars (‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’, which are both green leaf, and ‘Lollo Rosso’, which is red leaf) were investigated. The crop was cultivated at an altitude of 2576 m a.s.l. to naturally expose it to high ultraviolet radiation. The height and diameter of plants, fresh and dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf colour were determined throughout the crop cycle. Growth characteristics were not significantly influenced by the plastic film in all cultivars, probably due to the high altitude and the high solar radiation received. The UV-transparent film could increase the red colour in ‘Lollo Rosso’, and a higher commercial quality was achieved. No effect of the plastic film on the yield component was observed in the ‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’ cultivars. The findings of this study provide guidance on what cultivar and plastic film must be used in high-altitude areas where the solar and UV radiation is high.

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