Evaluation of the productivity of the hybrid vine Seyval blanc in function of several types of protection against frost in Quebec

OENO One ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
T. Telebak ◽  
Yvon Jolivet ◽  
Jean-Marie Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Natural Snow

<p style="text-align: justify;">In Quebec, winter frost is one of the determining factors influencing vine survival and yield. To evaluate the quality of the different types of winter protection, ground temperature data under different covers (ground knolls, leaf mounds, carried over snow and natural snow) and ambient air temperatures were recorded. Results show that the Seyval blanc, if not protected against winter frost, can sustain quite serious damages when the air temperature reaches -30 °C. Ridging, leaf covering and the natural snow cover as well as carried over snow have a positive effect on ground temperatures, since over the site without protection, frost penetrated down to a depth of 50 cm. However, it seems that the root System did not sustain significant damages from the ground frost since regrowth occurred in the Spring. Because of its direct exposure to radiation and surface climatic conditions, bare soil warms up more quickly in the Spring compared to the other sites benefiting from protection. Results also indicate that the mortality rate of the vine stock fruit buds without protection is nearly 100 % compared to the protected vine stocks with a fruit bud mortality rate varying from 22.5 to 35.8 %. The protected vine stocks, regardless of the type of protection used, had satislactory yields from 7.2 t/ha to 24.4 t/ha. On the other hand, the raisin yield of the vine stocks without any winter protection is null. The best raisin yields were obtained over sites where vine stocks were protected by ridging (40 cm of earth), while the vine stocks protected by leaf covering showed an average yield. We also observed that when vine stock leaf covering is coupled with lodged vine shoots, raisin yields are higher than when the vine shoots are erect. However, in both cases, potential yield per hectare is satisfactory. Hence, the lodging of vine shoots becomes a useless operation. The vine stocks protected by natural snow as well as by leaf covering (30 cm + carried over snow and lodged vine shoots) gave the fruit with the highest sugar content. Snow is also an excellent insulator because a 37 cm high snow cover permitted the survival of the vine stocks protected by snow even when the temperature reached -30 °C. The only problem still posing a threat is snow cover variability during the winter season. A reduced snow cover, coupled with temperature conditions under the threshold of tolerance of the vine to cold, could not insure satisfactory protection ol the fruit buds.</p>

scholarly journals Preliminary evalution of artificial snow cover as a method for the protection of the vine during winter in Québec

OENO One ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Yvon Jolivet ◽  
Jean-Marie Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Random Character ◽  
Natural Snow

<p style="text-align: justify;">The sensitivity of the vine to cold temperatures makes it a high risk crop in Québec. Winter colds during January and February can reach through the course of several days - 30° C and consequently the intense cold can damage the buds. However, during this same period, the snow cover normally present on the ground insures a certain protection to the aerial portions of the vine by insulating them from the intense cold air dominating the surface. Moreover, given the random character of the snowfall regime, vine growers must in addition ridge the vine stocks to protect them from the cold. This research work discusses artificial snow making as a method of protection for the vine and addresses one of the major problems faced by this type of culture under extreme climatic conditions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Temperature measurements were recorded over four experimental plots during the cold season in a vineyard in Québec. A plot covered by artificial snow for protection against the winter cold was compared with three others, one with a natural snow cover, one with a leaf cover and covered by natural snow and one covered by natural snow with fine ice crusts following snowfalls. Results show that during the major colds of January and February, the vine shoots located at 30 cm from the ground and protected by artificial snow conserved much higher negative minimum temperatures, by as much as 23°C compared to the vine shoots located at the same height on the other plots. Results also reveal that a snow cover of 15 to 20 cm is sufficient to insulate entirely the vine shoots from the ambient air. Hence, the use of artificial snow cover is an efficient method of protection against the cold. However, when using artificial snow covering in the fall while the natural snow cover is still absent, non crystallized water penetrates the ground down to the root zone through percolation and reduces the temperature by approximately 3°C down to a depth of 30 cm. In the same manner, in relation to traditional methods of protection, during spring the early thawing of the snow cover at the center of the ridges leaves the vine shoots without protection and exposes them to late frosts.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Other results relating to the use of artificial snow for covering stocks with regards to bud mortality rate and fruit yield in the fall should permit the evaluation of the real impact of this method on stock productivity and the quality of production.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in Air Temperature and Snow Cover in Winter in Poland

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk ◽  
Ewa Bednorz ◽  
Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cover Depth ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover Depth

The primary objective of the paper was to characterize the climatic conditions in the winter season in Poland in the years 1966/67–2019/20. The study was based on daily values of minimum (Tmin) and maximum air temperature (Tmax), and daily values of snow cover depth. The study showed an increase in both Tmin and Tmax in winter. The most intensive changes were recorded in north-eastern and northern regions. The coldest winters were recorded in the first half of the analyzed multiannual period, exceptionally cold being winters 1969/70 and 1984/85. The warmest winters occurred in the second half of the analyzed period and among seasons with the highest mean Tmax, particularly winters 2019/20 and 1989/90 stood out. In the study period, a decrease in snow cover depth statistically significant in the majority of stations in Poland was determined, as well as its variability both within the winter season and multiannual.

scholarly journals Raising Climate-Resilient Embolden Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings during the Cool Season through Various Types of Nursery Bed Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12910
Author(s):  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Benukar Biswas ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Saju Adhikary ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Potential Yield

Facing cold stress is amajor constraint in seedling production during the winter season as, most particularly in recent times due to uncertain climatic conditions, no sustainable technology has been reported that could be easily adopted by farmers withlimited resources. Therefore, field experiments were carried out during winter 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 at the Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra KrishiViswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India to study the growth, survival potential, yield and nutritional and biochemical properties of boro rice seedlings as influenced by two seedbed management practices viz. conventional seedbed (farmers’ practice) and improved seedbed (polythene protected with micronutrient supplementation). The major objective was to lower the nurserybed duration without compromising seedlings’ health and to studythe economic viability during the winter season. The experiment was laid out in ten experimental units and deployed anindependent-sample t-test to compare the performance of the seedlings. The microclimatic changes were also itemized from both seedbeds. The seeds sownunder improved nursery conditions resulted in better seedling emergence (~90%) and survival percentage (~85%) as compared to the conventional seedbed (~70% and 65%). Growth attributes in terms of plant height, biomass accumulation, root characteristics, tiller count, and growth rate were observed to be better from the polythene-protected nursery bed. Theimproved nursery bed accounted for 20% higher seedling count at the time of transplantation over the conventional bed. The microclimatic situation under a polythene covering was also favorable for germination and seedling growth. Maximum nutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations, as well as chlorophyll content, wererecorded from improved seedlings. Results suggested that the improved seedbed management was apotential alternative toearly embolden seedling production during the winter to avoid climatic abnormalities. Most importantly, improved seedbeds ensured a comprehensive route from germination to healthy seedling production without any failure in thesmalltime window, which involvedless input as well as cost involvement. This technique could diffusethe problem oflate sowing conditions in the rice–rice cropping system.

Links between the moisture origin and isotopic signature in water vapour, snowfall and snow pack at Finse Alpine Research Center (1222m) in Southern Noway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Lanzky ◽  
Alexandra Touzeau ◽  
John F. Burkhart ◽  
Simon Filhol ◽  
Yongbiao Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Moisture Source ◽  
Seasonal Snow ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Alpine Research

&lt;p&gt;Seasonal snow cover is a crucial resource for hydropower in Norway. Understanding water sources and processes related to inter-annual snow cover variability is therefore of fundamental societal relevance. The stable water isotope composition of precipitation provides a natural, integrated tracer of the condensation history during atmospheric water transport. The main parameters dD and d18O along with the secondary quantity d-excess give information about the origin and transport history of moisture from its source to its sink. When snow falls and deposits on the ground as a sediment, it creates a record in the form of the seasonal snow pack.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we utilize data acquired during a field campaign in the winter season of 2018-2019 at the Finse Alpine Research Station Center (1222m, 60.6N, 7.5E) in Norway, in order to investigate the transfer of the isotopic signal of source and transport conditions from vapour to snowfall, and to the snow pack.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over a main period of two months, snowfall was sampled daily, while the water vapour was continuously measured from ambient air guided through a heated inlet to a Picarro L2130i infrared spectrometer, with daily calibration runs. During five periods with intense snowfall, we carried out higher frequency sampling down to 15 minute intervals. Covering the entire winter season, five snowpits were sampled for isotopic analysis as well as detailed stratigraphy. In total more than 400 snow samples where taken and analysed for their isotopic composition, accompanied by routine meteorological observations over the winter season at the site. In addition, we compare the variations in the observed isotope signal at Finse with one derived from moisture source analysis using the Lagrangian diagnostic WaterSip, based on the FLEXPART model and ERA Interim reanalysis data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To investigate to what degree moisture source information is archived in the snow pack, and how it evolves during the season, we compare snow observations at different time resolution (daily and high frequency snowfall samples) with the record of the snow pack, aided by the snow model CROCUS. The meteorological observations supply context for understanding the snow formation conditions. In particular, deviations from isotopic equilibrium between vapour and precipitation at ambient temperature conditions provide insight into the dominant condensation regime during different intense observation periods.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Formation and evolution of melt holes on vine-shoots during the winter in Quebec

OENO One ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
G. Bertrand Carrière ◽  
Yvon Jolivet ◽  
Jean-Marie Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
Protective Methods

<p style="text-align: justify;">Vine cultivation in Quebec is confronted with the problem of an unfavorable climate specially because of winter frost. Over the last few years, artificial snow has been used, at the experimental level, as one of the protective methods implemented during winter at the Sous les Channilles vineyard, in southern Quebec. However, towards the end of January, the increase in solar radiation intensity is instrumental in causing the fonnation of inelt holes along the vine shoots thus reducing the protective effect of the snow cover. According to varying climatic conditions, we show that there are many factors at the origin of the formation and the metamorphoses of melt holes. These melt holes can be fonned by sublimation or fusion of the snow and can sometimes present mixed fonns. Through their presence, they modify the vertical temperature gradients in the snow cover and play a primary rôle in the evolution of snow metamorphoses near the stocks. The formation of melt holes near the vine shoots can also damage the fruit buds submitted to cold temperatures prevailing on the surface. The empty space created near the stocks can permit the infiltration of cold air and, in situations of extreme cold, damages can be sustained by the fruit buds. On the other hand, our observations also show that, when melt holes are covered by snow, a constructive metamorphosis is initiated and the melt holes can fill themselves up through the evolution of internal frost. If the melt holes are not too large, the formation of frost can obstruct the surface orifice and restrict the infiltration of cold air from the exterior within the snow cover. Furthermore, the widening of melt holes early in the spring can cause the premature disappearance of the snow cover in the vine rows and, accordingly, can expose the buds to congelifraction temperatures below the cryotolerance threshold. Artificial snow is more efficient than natural snow in the sense that, since its volumetric mass is normally superior to that of natural snow, the development of melt holes is a lot slower. Accordingly, artificial snow provides more durable protection in the spring. The study of the pro¬ cesses controlling the formation and the evolution of melt holes has also shown the large variability of the snow cover according to local meteorological conditions. Finally, the understanding of the processes at the base of the formation of melt holes sheds new light on the rôle of snow in agriculture.</p>

Landscape Change in the Steppe of Algeria South-West Using Remote Sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Tayeb Sitayeb ◽  
Ishak Belabbes
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Landscape Dynamics ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Stipa Tenacissima ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Sparse Vegetation

Abstract Landscape dynamics is the result of interactions between social systems and the environment, these systems evolving significantly over time. climatic conditions and biophysical phenomena are the main factors of landscape dynamics. Also, currently man is responsible for most changes affecting natural ecosystems. The objective of this work is to study the dynamics of a typical landscape of western Algeria in time and space, and to map the distribution of vegetation groups constitute the vegetation cover of this ecosystem. as well as using a method of monitoring the state of a fragile ecosystem by remote sensing to understand the processes of changes in this area. The steppe constitutes a large arid area, with little relief, covered with low and sparse vegetation. it lies between the annual isohyets of 100 to 400 mm, subjected to a very old human exploitation with an activity of extensive breeding of sheep, goats, and camels. Landsat satellite data were used to mapping vegetation groups in the Mecheria Steppe at a scale of 1: 300,000. Then, a comparison was made between the two maps obtained by a classification of Landsat-8 sensor Operational Land Imager (OLI) acquired on March 18, 2014, and Landsat-5 sensor Thematic Mapper (TM) acquired on April 25, 1987. The results obtained show the main changes affecting the natural distribution of steppe species, a strong change in land occupied by the Stipa tenacissima steppe with 65% of change, this steppe is replaced by Thymelaea microphylla, Salsola vermiculata, lygeum spartum and Peganum harmala steppe. an absence from the steppe Artemisia herba-alba that has also been replaced by the same previous steppes species. The groups with Quercus ilex and Juniperus phoenicea are characterized by a strong regression that was lost 60% of its global surface and transformed by steppe to stipa tenacissima and bare soil.

Use of Ornamental Trees in Dating of Abandoned Cemeteries on the Example of Thuja Occidentalis and Thuja Orientalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Magdalena Opała ◽  
Leszek Majgier
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Thuja Orientalis ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Common Tree ◽  
Local Habitat

Abstract Due to the lack of maintenance, abandoned cemeteries are often incorporated into the landscape. In many cases the information about the age of the cemetery is unavailable. To find out the approximate time of the formation of the cemetery the information recorded in the annual tree and shrub rings can be used. One of the most common tree species, planted for ornamental and symbolic purposes on the cemeteries, are Thuja orientalis and Thuja occidentalis. Alien to the Polish flora, these species adapted well to the local habitat and climatic conditions. The paper presents an attempt to apply dendrochronological dating to determine the age of the abandoned cemeteries in the region of the Great Masurian Lakes, part of the Masurian Lake District (north-eastern Poland). The study included five abandoned cemeteries. In total, 15 cores were taken from the trees. After applying the standard dendrochronological method, local chronologies for the studied species were established. The research indicated that the oldest found specimens - over 70 yrs old - are Thuja occidentalis individuals growing at the Słabowo cemetery. At the other sites the specimens of both Thuja species date back to the 1960s and early 1970s. Compared to the historical information regarding the age and origin of the studied objects, thujas growing there are much younger than the age of the cemeteries foundation. The presented method proved to be very helpful in understanding the time of Thuja occidentalis and Thuja orientalis introduction at the investigated cemeteries.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

scholarly journals Use tumor suppressor genes as biomarkers for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuantao Zhang ◽  
Man Jiang ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Helei Hou ◽  
Tianjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
High Efficient

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Especially, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has higher mortality rate than the other cancers. The high mortality rate is partially due to lack of efficient biomarkers for detection, diagnosis and prognosis. To find high efficient biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of NSCLC patients, we used gene differential expression and gene ontology (GO) to define a set of 26 tumor suppressor (TS) genes. The 26 TS genes were down-expressed in tumor samples in cohorts GSE18842, GSE40419, and GSE21933 and at stages 2 and 3 in GSE19804, and 15 TS genes were significantly down-expressed in tumor samples of stage 1. We used S-scores and N-scores defined in correlation networks to evaluate positive and negative influences of these 26 TS genes on expression of other functional genes in the four independent cohorts and found that SASH1, STARD13, CBFA2T3 and RECK were strong TS genes that have strong accordant/discordant effects and network effects globally impacting the other genes in expression and hence can be used as specific biomarkers for diagnosis of NSCLC cancer. Weak TS genes EXT1, PTCH1, KLK10 and APC that are associated with a few genes in function or work in a special pathway were not detected to be differentially expressed and had very small S-scores and N-scores in all collected datasets and can be used as sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis of early cancer. Our findings are well consistent with functions of these TS genes. GSEA analysis found that these 26 TS genes as a gene set had high enrichment scores at stages 1, 2, 3 and all stages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document