Stilbenoid chemistry from wine and the genus Vitis, a review

OENO One ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison D. Pawlus ◽  
Pierre Waffo-Téguo ◽  
Jonah Shaver ◽  
Jean-Michel Mérillon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Commercial Sources

<p style="text-align: justify;">Stilbenoids are of great interest on account of their many promising biological activities, especially in regards to prevention and potential treatment of many chronic diseases associated with aging. The simple stilbenoid monomer, <em>E</em>-resveratrol, has received the most attention due to early<em> in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> biological activities in anti-aging assays. Since <em>Vitis vinifera</em>, primarily in the form of wine, is a major dietary source of these compounds, there is a tremendous amount of research on resveratrol in wine and grapes. Relatively few biological studies have been performed on other stilbenoids from <em>Vitis</em>, primarily due to the lack of commercial sources of many of these compounds. The diverse stilbenoids from this economically important genus are an untapped source of health promoting compounds and because of this, numerous efforts for isolation, identification and quantification of additional stilbenoids have been ongoing. Additionally, due to their role as phytoalexins, stilbenoids play an important role in the defense against pathogens. Therefore, the compounds produced by highly resistant strains are of great interest for the development of resistant crops, natural spray reagents, and as new dietary supplements or pharmaceuticals. Since closely related species are likely to have similar metabolic pathways, a more thorough understanding of the chemical diversity of stilbenoids within <em>Vitis</em> is useful in this endeavor. In this review, we focus on stilbenoids found in the <em>Vitis</em> genus with the aim of aiding future stilbenoid chemistry, particularly in <em>V. vinifera</em> and wine. Additionally, we discuss the efforts to quantify stilbenoids in <em>Vitis</em>, with a focus on non-resveratrol stilbenoid compounds.</p>

scholarly journals Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Biological Activities

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sushil Changan ◽  
Maharishi Tomar ◽  
Uma Prajapati ◽  
Vivek Saurabh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Annona squamosa L. (custard apple) belongs to the family Annonaceae and is an important tropical fruit cultivated in the West Indies, South and Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Egypt. Leaves of custard apple plants have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a considerable diversity of phytochemicals. These compounds include phenol-based compounds, e.g., proanthocyanidins, comprising 18 different phenolic compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Extracts from Annona squamosa leaves (ASLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiobesity, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotective functions. In the current article, we discussed the nutritional and phytochemical diversity of ASLs. Additionally, ASL extracts were discussed with respect to their biological activities, which were established by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A survey of the literature based on the phytochemical profile and health-promoting effects of ASLs showed that they can be used as potential ingredients for the development of pharmaceutical drugs and functional foods. Although there are sufficient findings available from in vitro and in vivo investigations, clinical trials are still needed to determine the exact effects of ASL extracts on human health.

Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) pods: a rich source of bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, anti-diabetic and health-promoting properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2051-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Mejri ◽  
Slimen Selmi ◽  
Alice Martins ◽  
Haifa benkhoud ◽  
Tarek Baati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients

Broad bean pods have been proven to be a functional food with promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Kaempferia Phytochemistry and Biological Activity: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elshamy ◽  
Mohamed ◽  
Essa ◽  
Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Plants belonging to the genus Kaempferia (family: Zingiberaceae) are distributed in Asia, especially in the southeast region, and Thailand. They have been widely used in traditional medicines to cure metabolic disorders, inflammation, urinary tract infections, fevers, coughs, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, abdominal and gastrointestinal ailments, asthma, wounds, rheumatism, epilepsy, and skin diseases. Objective: Herein, we reported a comprehensive review, including the traditional applications, biological and pharmacological advances, and phytochemical constituents of Kaempheria species from 1972 up to early 2019. Materials and methods: All the information and reported studies concerning Kaempheria plants were summarized from library and digital databases (e.g., Google Scholar, Sci-finder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, MDPI, Web of Science, etc.). The correlation between the Kaempheria species was evaluated via principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), based on the main chemical classes of compounds. Results: Approximately 141 chemical constituents have been isolated and reported from Kaempferia species, such as isopimarane, abietane, labdane and clerodane diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenyl-heptanoids, curcuminoids, tetrahydropyrano-phenolic, and steroids. A probable biosynthesis pathway for the isopimaradiene skeleton is illustrated. In addition, 15 main documented components of volatile oils of Kaempheria were summarized. Biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, anti-obesity-induced dermatopathy, wound healing, neuroprotective, anti-allergenic, and anti-nociceptive were demonstrated. Conclusions: Up to date, significant advances in phytochemical and pharmacological studies of different Kaempheria species have been witnessed. So, the traditional uses of these plants have been clarified via modern in vitro and in vivo biological studies. In addition, these traditional uses and reported biological results could be correlated via the chemical characterization of these plants. All these data will support the biologists in the elucidation of the biological mechanisms of these plants.

scholarly journals Underutilised fruits: a review of phytochemistry and biological properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hasan Salahuddin Mirfat ◽  
Ismail Amin ◽  
Kassim Nur Kartinee ◽  
Hamid Muhajir ◽  
Mat Ali Mohd Shukri
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum

Underutilised fruits are not only important sources of food and nutrition, but also secure household income especially for rural and farm communities. However, some of the underutilised fruits have not received much attention as compared to commercial fruits. This could be due to their lack of knowledge of their potential values. Hence, information about their health promoting properties is critical to increase the value of underutilised fruit species to enhance their preservation and sustainable use in strengthening food, nutrition, health and livelihood security. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the phytochemical properties and biological activities of underutilised fruit species grown in Malaysia focussing on health promoting aspects. With regard to phytochemistry, only 21 species of underutilised fruits have been identified and quantified. Phytochemical investigations of various parts of the fruits have revealed the presence of over 100 phytochemicals which are phenolics, terpenoids, carotenoids and other miscellaneous compounds. About 51 underutilised fruit species have been explored for interesting biological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, cytotoxicity, antiatherosclerotic, antihyperlipidemia, antidiabetic, cytoprotective, cardioprotective and antiplatelet activities) supporting their diverse traditional uses. Different parts of the fruits have been analysed mainly in vitro and barely in vivo, with pulp being the most dominant. Of all the underutilised fruits studied, Mangifera species and Canarium odontophyllum have been the major focus for researchers. The gaps obtained from this review create further research opportunities to add to the current knowledge of health promoting properties of underutilised fruits in Malaysia. More studies are needed to confirm the health significance and explain their mechanisms of action in order to fully understand the real potential of this underutilised fruit species.

scholarly journals Fullerenol: A new nanopharmaceutic?

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Djordjevic ◽  
Gordana Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
C60 Derivatives

Chemical modification of fullerenes to hydrosoluble cluster molecules made fullerenes interesting for biological investigation. Among them, polycarbonated and polyhydroxylated fullerene C60 derivatives showed the most interesting biological activities. In this paper, we present the most important recent results of in vitro and in vivo biological studies with fullerenol C60(OH)24. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 was strong antioxidant: it reacted with superoxide anion radical, hydroxy radical and nitrous oxide radical in chemical and biological systems. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 did not inhibit human breast cancer cell growth at concentrations from 0.8 to 3.45 ?M, but strongly modulated cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and cis-platinum after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. Radioprotective effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 were shown in different in vitro and in vivo models. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 (100 mg/kg) protected rat heart from doxorubicin toxicity. Biodistribution studies of fulelrenol were also investigated. Accumulating data from the literature and from our studies suggest that fullerenol, as a nanoparticle might be a new promising pharmaceutical in the near future.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and Health-Promoting Effects of the Melissa officinalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Jesús Herrera-Bravo ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Wafa Abbaass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Promoting

Medicinal plants are being used worldwide for centuries for their beneficial properties. Some of the most popular medicinal plants belong to the Melissa genus, and different health beneficial effects have already been identified for this genus. Among these species, in particular, the Melissa officinalis L. has been reported as having many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumour, antiviral, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and also flatulence inhibiting effects. The beneficial properties of the Melissa officinalis, also known as “lemon balm herb”, can be related to the bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, alcohols, rosmarinic acid, and phenolic antioxidants which are present in the plant. In this updated review, the botanical, geographical, nutritional, phytochemical, and traditional medical aspects of M. officinalis have been considered as well as in vitro and in vivo and clinically proven therapeutic properties have been reviewed with a special focus on health-promoting effects and possible perspective nutraceutical applications. To evidence the relevance of this plant in the research and completely assess the context, a literature quantitative research analysis has been performed indicating the great interest towards this plant for its beneficial properties.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds from Five Ericaceae Species Leaves and Their Related Bioavailability and Health Benefits

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Eugenia Ștefănescu ◽  
Katalin Szabo ◽  
Andrei Mocan ◽  
Gianina Crişan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Ancient Times

Some species of the Ericaceae family have been intensively studied because of the beneficial health impact, known since ancient times, of their chemical components. Since most studies focus on the effects of fruit consumption, this review aims to highlight the phenolic components present in the leaves. For this purpose, five species from Ericaceae family (bilberry—Vaccinium myrtillus L., lingonberry—V. vitis-idaea L., bog bilberry—V. uliginosum L., blueberry—V. corymbosum L. and bearberry—Arctostapylos uva-ursi L.) were considered, four of which can be found in spontaneous flora. The chemical composition of the leaves revealed three major phenolic compounds: chlorogenic acid, quercetin and arbutin. The health promoting functions of these compounds, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that could have preventive effects for cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and obesity, have been exemplified by both in vitro and in vivo studies in this review. Furthermore, the importance of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the phenolic compounds have been summarized. The findings highlight the fact that leaves of some Ericaceae species deserve increased attention and should be studied more profoundly for their biological activities, especially those from spontaneous flora.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Pueraria Flower: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yongqing Tao ◽  
Meiyan Wang ◽  
Zhibo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pueraria Lobata ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Pueraria lobata (Kudzu root) has been well documented as a food and also an herbal plant for its ability to alleviate hangover, diarrhea and cardiovascular diseases. However, the flower of Pueraria lobata has been attracted attention only in recent decades. Bioactive phytochemicals such as isoflavones, saponins, essential oils and other components have been isolated and identified in Pueraria flower extracts (PFE). Both in vivo and in vitro research have indicated the health promoting effects of Pueraria flower including hepatoprotective property, estrogenic effects, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammation activity and other pharmacological activities. In this review, we have summarized the chemical compositions and pharmacological actions of Pueraria flower and updated knowledge with recent progress.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Black and White Garlic: In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Ángeles Toledano Medina ◽  
Tania Merinas-Amo ◽  
Zahira Fernández-Bedmar ◽  
Rafael Font ◽  
Mercedes del Río-Celestino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Biological Studies

White and three types of black garlic (13, 32 and 45 days of fermentation, named 0C1, 1C2 and 2C1 respectively) were selected in order to check possible differences in their nutraceutic potential. For this purpose, garlic were physico-chemically characterised, and both in vivo and in vitro assays were carried out. Black garlic showed higher polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity than white garlic. The biological studies have shown that only white garlic was not safe showing toxicity effect. Furthermore, none garlic exert protective effects against H2O2, except the 0C1 black garlic. Moreover, garlic was non-genotoxic with the exception of the highest concentration of white garlic. On the other hand, 0C1 was the most antigenotoxic substance. The in vivo longevity assays yielded significant extension of lifespan results in some concentrations of white and 0C1and 1C2 black garlic. The in vitro experiments showed that all studied garlic induced a decrease in leukaemia cells growth. However, none type of garlic was able to induce proapoptotic internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Taking into account the physicochemical and biological data, black garlic could be considered as a potential functional food and used in preventive treatment of age-related diseases. In addition, our findings could be relevant for the black garlic processing agrifood companies as the economical and timing costs are significantly reduced to 13 days aging.

Evaluation of the In Vivo Acute Toxicity and In Vitro Hemolytic and Immunomodulatory Activities of the Moringa oleifera Flower Trypsin Inhibitor (MoFTI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leydianne Leite de Siqueira Patriota ◽  
Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento Santos ◽  
Bárbara Rafaela da Silva Barros ◽  
Lethícia Maria de Souza Aguiar ◽  
Yasmym Araújo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Female Mice

Background: Protease inhibitors have been isolated from plants and present several biological activities, including immunomod-ulatory action. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate a Moringa oleifera flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) for acute toxicity in mice, hemolytic activity on mice erythrocytes and immunomodulatory effects on mice splenocytes. Methods: The acute toxicity was evaluated using Swiss female mice that received a single dose of the vehicle control or MoFTI (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Behavioral alterations were observed 15–240 min after administration, and survival, weight gain, and water and food consumption were analyzed daily. Organ weights and hematological parameters were analyzed after 14 days. Hemolytic activity of MoFTI was tested using Swiss female mice erythrocytes. Splenocytes obtained from BALB/c mice were cultured in the absence or presence of MoFTI for the evaluation of cell viability and proliferation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also determined. Furthermore, the culture supernatants were analyzed for the presence of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Results: MoFTI did not cause death or any adverse effects on the mice except for abdominal contortions at 15–30 min after administration. MoFTI did not exhibit a significant hemolytic effect. In addition, MoFTI did not induce apoptosis or necrosis in splenocytes and had no effect on cell proliferation. Increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS release, as well as ΔΨm reduction, were observed in MoFTI-treated cells. MoFTI was observed to induce TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and NO release. Conclusion: These results contribute to the ongoing evaluation of the antitumor potential of MoFTI and its effects on other immunological targets.

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