scholarly journals INCIDÊNCIA DE ÓBITOS POR MENINGITE NO BRASIL E NO TOCANTINS ENTRE 2010 E 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Aline Rangel de Souza ◽  
Lorena Resende Medeiros ◽  
Julliany Mirelly Sousa Nascimento ◽  
Wanderson Batista Silva ◽  
Jaqueline das Dores Dias Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Meningococcal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Keywords Epidemiology

Introdução: A meningite é caracterizada pela inflamação das meninges, possuindo diversos fatores causais, infecciosos ou não. A etiologia viral é a mais incidente, entretanto a mais importante do ponto de vista de mortalidade é a bacteriana. Embora a região Norte do Brasil seja considerada zona endêmica de doenças infectocontagiosas, poucos são os estudos publicados que abordam fatores envolvidos na disseminação populacional desses agravos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o estabelecimento e comparação dos coeficientes de incidência (CI) de óbitos pela doença no Brasil e Tocantins entre 2010 e 2015. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico e transversal realizado com dados obtidos do total de notificações no SINAN, entre os períodos de 2010 a 2015. Resultados: Em 2010, no Brasil, houve 3003 casos relatados de doença meningocócica, com CI de 617 óbitos/100.000 habitantes. Já em 2015, o CI foi de 243 óbitos/100.000 habitantes. No Tocantins, em 2010, houve 62 óbitos da doença meningocócica, em 2011, 63 óbitos, em 2012, 73 óbitos, em 2013, 74 óbitos, em 2014, 71 óbitos e em 2015, 33 óbitos. Resultando, nos respectivos CI: 4,4; 4,4; 5,0; 5,0; 4,7 e 2,2 óbitos/100.000 habitantes. Discussão: Os achados apontam para uma superioridade proporcional do Brasil em relação ao Tocantins no número de casos, assim como de óbitos. Isso pode ser em detrimento, tanto de no Brasil haver regiões endêmicas e, portanto, com maior taxa de detecção, como por subnotificação no caso do Tocantins, que é um fator recorrente nos estados da região Norte do Brasil. Conclusão: o CI de óbitos por meningite no Tocantins é inferior ao do Brasil e esse CI se manteve estável no recorte temporal analisado. Este estudo sugere a importância de relatos de casos na região, além do protagonismo da eficiência dos sistemas de detecção e notificação para o planejamento do serviço assistencial.   Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia; Infecções Meningocócicas; Infectologia; Medicina Tropical; Meningite. ABSTRACT Introduction: Meningitis is characterized by the inflammation of the meninges, having several causal factors, infectious or not. The viral etiology is the most frequent, however the most important from the point of view of mortality is bacterial. Although the northern region of Brazil is considered an endemic area of infectious diseases, few published studies address factors involved in the dissemination of these diseases. The objective of this study was the establishment and comparison of the incidence coefficients (IC) of deaths by the disease in Brazil and Tocantins between 2010 and 2015. Material and Methods: This is an epidemiological and cross-sectional study with data obtained from total notifications in SINAN between 2010 and 2015. Results: In 2010, in Brazil, there were 3003 reported cases of meningococcal disease, with a IC of 617 deaths / 100,000 inhabitants. By 2015, the IC was 243 deaths / 100,000 inhabitants. In Tocantins, in 2010, there were 62 deaths from meningococcal disease in 2011, 63 deaths in 2012, 73 deaths in 2013, 74 deaths in 2014, 71 deaths and in 2015, 33 deaths. Resulting, in the respective ICs: 4.4; 4.4; 5.0; 5.0; 4.7 and 2.2 deaths / 100,000 inhabitants. Discussion: The findings point to a proportional superiority of Brazil in relation to Tocantins in the number of cases, as well as deaths. This may be detrimental to the fact that in Brazil there are endemic regions and, therefore, with a higher rate of detection, as by underreporting in the case of Tocantins, which is a recurring factor in the northern Brazilian states. Conclusion: The IC of meningitis deaths in Tocantins is lower than in Brazil and this IC remained stable in the temporal cut analyzed. This study suggests the importance of case reports in the region, as well as the role of the detection and notification systems for the planning of care services. Keywords: Epidemiology; Infectious Disease Medicine; Meningitis; Meningococcal Infections; Tropical Medicine.

Senior entrepreneurship and qualified senior unemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Figueiredo ◽  
Teresa Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
Senior Entrepreneurship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to characterize the senior entrepreneurship context, as a solution for an unemployed qualified segment between 45 and 60 years of age, in the Northern region of Portugal, from a national and European perspective, associated to the growth trend of qualified senior unemployment in the region, based on a statistical angle and from the point of view of the motivations to become self-employed with a business creation project.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical study is a cross-sectional study of mixed nature, that reconciles qualitative and quantitative analysis. A questionnaire was made and applied to a sample of 1,000 individuals and seven semi-structured interviews which four focus groups were carried out.FindingsFindings allow us to conclude that the studied segment, skilled unemployed individuals between the ages of 45 and 60, is a growing segment that tends to evolve into long-term unemployment and underlines a potential reluctant entrepreneurship by necessity, i.e. a reduced motivational content of these unemployed people for the creation of their own job. The authors can conclude, in the Portuguese case, that government policies relating to taxes and bureaucracy are considered as unfavorable conditions or potentially inhibitors of senior entrepreneurship. Lastly, the authors underline the clear absence of specific support programs and measures for the promotion of entrepreneurship among the qualified senior unemployed and the authors propose an ecosystem creation regarding the specifics of the target group of the study.Practical implicationsThe study identifies a set of actions and/or orientations that could be relevant and taken into account by the decision makers.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is the better knowledge of the context and motivations for qualified senior entrepreneurship, as well as the associated personal, economic and social barriers; and the specific suggestions provided to policy makers in order to improve the context of the senior entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Pharmaceutical Care Services and the Role of Community Pharmacists: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110258
Author(s):  
Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu ◽  
Chilot Abiyu Demeke ◽  
Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun ◽  
Ebrahim Abdela Siraj ◽  
Adane Yehualaw Wendalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives The current study aimed at assessing the impact of COVID-19 on pharmaceutical care services and the role of community pharmacists. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1st to June 7, 2020, on community pharmacies in Bahir Dar and Gondar cities, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were conducted. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance at a 95% Confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 101 community pharmacies were approached (one pharmacist per pharmacy), and 80 of them had completed the survey. From the total pharmacies, 78.8% of them had encountered a shortage of pharmaceutical products. Chi-square test revealed that there was a significant difference ( P = 0.036) in the shortage of personal protection equipment between Gondar and Bahir Dar cities. Face mask 55 (77.4%) followed by hand glove 15 (21.1%) were the most commonly reported personal protective equipment’s in short supply. Conclusion Strategies should be in place to improve the availability and affordability of various essential pharmaceuticals to mitigate the spread of the disease and prevent other complications.

scholarly journals PRESCRIPTION ADHERENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 1010-1016
Author(s):  
Zahid Mahmood ◽  
Khan Muhammad Baber ◽  
Haroon-ur- Rashid ◽  
Safirah Maheen ◽  
Ambreen Malik Uttra
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Accurate Dose ◽  
Generic Prescribing ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: The aim of current research was to highlight the abilities of patients tounderstand and follow prescription. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting: District HeadQuarter (DHQ) hospital Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Duration: Data was collected betweenApril to June, 2015. Methods: Study was conducted by well-trained pharmacists regardingprescription understanding and following. A well structured questionnaire was designed to gatherinformation from 150 patients that comprised of questions based on all factors to be evaluated forprescription understanding and following. Results: The findings of this critique reveal that, 30%of patients understood instructions given on prescription where as, 12% of patients were able tocomprehend physicians writing and 23% were those who even didn’t understand prescriptionabbreviations. Similarly, correct method of drug administration, compliance with frequencyof dose and dosage form and accurate dose intake were acknowledged by 66%, 65%, 73%and 80% patients, respectively while, 28% patients were able to make clear understandingwith precautions written on prescription. However, 20% of patients reported that medicineshave disturbed their routine life, 29% recognized their dependency on prescribed medications,22% consulted with a third person for prescription interpretation, 36% reduced their dose tohalf due to side effects, 35% stated that prescribed brands were available to them and 65%missed their doses due to high cost of brands. Moreover, 76% patients showed consciousnessregarding value of therapy and only 31% patients acknowledged that prescribed brandswere economical. Conclusion: There is a lot of room for improvement in factors related toprescription understanding and following. Enhanced literacy rate, generic prescribing practicesand cost-effectiveness should be considered for prescription consideration. Most importantfrom Pakistan’s point of view, role of pharmacist should be implemented in every health sectorof country to mimic most of prescription related problems.

Role of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) - Should it Be Withdrawn from Market of Bangladesh due to Threat of being Misuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Maksudur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury ◽  
Abu Sayeed Munsi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Protocol

Background: Recently it has been apprehended that sildenafil, a drug which has been successfully using in the treatment of PPHN and erectile dysfunction in adult, is going to be withdrawn from the market of Bangladesh due to threat of its misuses. Objective: The aim of this study was to see the extent of uses of sildenafil in the treatment of PPHN and importance of availability of this drugs in the market inspite of its probable misuses. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), special baby care unit (SCABU) and cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from June, 2017 to May 2018. Neonates with PPHN were enrolled in the study. All cases were treated with oral sildenefil for PPHN along with others management according to hospital protocol. Data along with other parameters were collected and analyzed. Results: Total 320 patients with suspected PPHN were admitted during the study period. Among them 92 (29%) cases had PPHN. Male were 49(53 %) cases and female were 43(47%) cases. Mean age at hospital admission was 29.7±13.4 hours. Based on echocardiography,13(14%) cases had mild, 38 (41%) cases moderate and 41(45%) cases severe PPHN. Mean duration of sildenafil therapy was 11.9±7.1 days. Improved from PPHN were 83 (90%) cases. Mortality was 10% (9). Conclusion: In this study it was found that the incidence of PPHN is 29% among the suspected newborns. Sildenafil is successfull in improving the oxygenation of PPHN and to decrease the mortality of neonates. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 100-104

Role of Fibrinolytic Therapy in Empyema Thoracis – A Hospital Based one year Cross Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Dr. Girish.L Dandagi ◽  
◽  
Venkat kalyana kumar. P ◽  
Dr. Dr.Isaac Mathew ◽  
Dr. Dr.G S Gaude Dr. Dr.G S Gaude
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

Breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Panchayat in Pathanamthitta District

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswathy S. ◽  
Lakshmi M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The study was aimed to assess the breastfeeding practices among mothers of infants in Peringara Gramapanchayat in Kerala. Study was a community based cross-sectional study among mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat using a pretested questionnaire. 142 breastfeeding mothers of infants in Peringara gramapanchayat were studied and mothers who were not present at home during the study were excluded from the study. Study period consisted of 18 days between December 2015 and January 2016. Study variables includes type of delivery, initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding practices and role of ASHAs in promoting good breastfeeding practices. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and T test. The study found that exclusive breastfeeding has been done by 68.3% of mothers. There is no practice of giving pre-lacteal feed, 95.8% of mothers have given colostrum to the new born. Statistically significant association was found between the type of delivery and time of initiation of breastfeeding (p less than 0.05). Time of initiation of breastfeeding was prolonged in case of Caesarean section. 49.3% of mothers have breastfed the baby within one hour. 55.6% of mothers were informed about importance of breastfeeding by ASHAs and only 20.4% of mothers were informed about period of exclusive breastfeeding and period of complimentary feeding by ASHAs.

Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Renais Crônicos em Tratamento Conservador em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas/ Epidemiological Profile of Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Conservative Treatment in a Hospital in Southern School of Minas

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Camila Dorilêo Negretti ◽  
Pablo Girardeli Mendonça Mesquita ◽  
Nilo César do Vale Baracho
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Keywords Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Grade Iii

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica em tratamento conservador no ambulatório do Hospital Escola de Itajubá. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. Realizado com 171 pacientes atendidos em tratamento conservador no ambulatório de nefrologia no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. A coleta objetivou caracterizar idade, sexo, raça, estado civil e procedência. Também foram avaliados dados do primeiro atendimento como: valores de ureia e creatinina, o grau de DRC, a etiologia e o número de retorno. Resultados: Dos doentes renais crônicos avaliados, 50,3% eram do sexo masculino, 88% da raça branca, 54,4% casados e a maioria (70,8%) possuía faixa etária prevalente >60 anos. A maioria dos atendidos, 98,5% pertence a microrregião de referência. Quanto a dados de primeira consulta, o diabetes mellitus foi a principal etiologia (38%). Os valores de ureia e creatinina acima da referência preconizada foi observado na maioria dos pacientes e o grau III de DRC em 31% dos casos. O número médio de retornos após a primeira consulta foi de três retornos em 25,13% dos pacientes. Conclusão: A pesquisa permitiu o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de DRC em tratamento conservador. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de implementação de políticas voltadas para promoção e prevenção à saúde com divulgação de mais programas de controle para minimizar o surgimento de novos casos da DRC. Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia. Doença Renal Crônica. Tratamento. ABSTRACT.Objective: Determine the epidemiological profile of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on conservative treatment at the Hospital Escola de Itajubá. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study of quantitative approach. It was conducted with 171 patients who were treated in conservative treatment at the nephrology clinic from January 2012 to December 2013. The collection aimed to characterize age, sex, race, marital status and origin. We also evaluated data from the first service as: urea and creatinine values, the degree of CKD the etiology and the number of return. Results: Among the chronic renal patients evaluated, 50.3% were male, 88% Caucasian, 54.4% were married and the majority (70.8%) was the most prevalent age group> 60 years. Most of the patients 98.5% belong to micro region of reference. As the first appointment data, diabetes mellitus was the major cause (38%). The urea and creatinine values above the recommended reference was observed in the majority of patients and the DRC grade III in 31% of cases. The average number of returns after the fisrt visit was three return in 25.13% of patients. Conclusion: The research gave us the knowledge of the epidemiological profile of patients with CKD on dialysis. The findings reinforce the need to implement policies for health promotion and prevention with more disclosure of control programs to minimize the appearance of new cases of CKD. Keywords: Epidemiology. Chronic Kidney Disease.Treatment.

scholarly journals The potential role of local pharmacies to assess asthma control: an Italian cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Caminati ◽  
L. Cegolon ◽  
M. Bacchini ◽  
N. Segala ◽  
A. Dama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Control ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Disease Community

Abstract Background Asthma control and monitoring still represents a challenge worldwide. Although the international guidelines suggest the interplay between secondary and primary care services as an effective strategy to control the disease, community pharmacies’ are seldom involved in asthma control assessment. The present cross-sectional study aimed at providing a picture of the relationship between asthma severity and control in community pharmacies within the health district of the city of Verona (Veneto Region, North-Eastern Italy). Methods A call for participation was launched through the Pharmacists’ Association of Verona. Patients referring to the participating pharmacies with an anti-asthmatic drug medical prescription and an asthma exemption code were asked to complete the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and a brief questionnaire collecting information on their age, sex, smoking status, aerobic physical exercise and usual asthma therapy, which also defined asthma severity. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to investigate the risk of uncontrolled as well as poorly controlled vs. controlled asthma (base). Results were expressed as relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results Fifty-seven community pharmacies accepted to participate and 584 asthmatic patients (54% females; mean-age: 51 ± 19 years) were consecutively recruited from 1st January to 30th June 2018 (6 months). Based upon ACT score 50.5% patients had a controlled asthma, 22.3% a poorly controlled and 27.2% uncontrolled. A variable proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma were observed for every level of severity, although more frequently with mild persistent form of asthma. Most patients (92%) self-reported regular compliance with therapy. At multinomial regression analysis, patients under regular asthma treatment course (RRR = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.15; 0.77) were less likely to have an ACT< 16 compared to those not taking medications regularly. Conclusions Overall, our findings highlighted an unsatisfactory asthma control in the general population, independently of the severity level of the disease. Community pharmacies could be a useful frontline interface between patients and the health care services, supporting an effective asthma management plan, from disease assessment and monitoring treatment compliance to referral of patients to specialist medical consultancies.

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