scholarly journals The role of STAT3 in the colorectal cancer therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. e427
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Papierska ◽  
Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Physiological Processes

Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumour of the digestive system, more common in the elderly than in younger individuals. The incidence rate in the United States and the European Union is increasing by an average of 4.2% to 4.6% annually. There is emerging evidence that deregulation of the signalling pathway and abnormal expression and activation of genes is the main reason for the development of colorectal cancer. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) is a transcription factor of signal transduction and transcriptional activation of target genes which plays important roles in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other physiological processes. It has been confirmed that abnormal activation of STAT3 is involved in the development of tumours, so the identification of STAT3 inhibitors is a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. In this review, the roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of colorectal cancer are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of surgery for colorectal cancer in the elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Biondi ◽  
Marco Vacante ◽  
Immacolata Ambrosino ◽  
Erika Cristaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Pietrapertosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
The Elderly

scholarly journals The Development of Whistleblowing Laws in the United States and Europe (de lege ferenda remarks)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Łucja Kobroń-Gąsiorowska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Member States ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Established Democracies

Corruption, harassment in a workplace, practices contrary to the correct work process, and many others are irregularities that can arise in any enterprise. This is a problem that affects established democracies and free markets and post-communist countries that are transitioning to democracy and market economies. While the causes of irregularities vary, the tools often suggested tackling them include that do not necessarily encourage potential whistleblowers to report them, whether inside or outside the organization. This article discusses the role of whistleblowing as a whistle­blowing tool. Describes the law and whistleblowing in a comparative context, focusing on the United States and the European Union. The article then concludes with recommendations for strengthening whistleblowing in Europe, where reporting irregularities is just beginning, and the level of protection differs between the Member States.

scholarly journals The Role of Empathy in Experiential Learning: A Case Study of Empathy as an Interior Design Learning Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Lilia Gomez-Lanier
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Design Learning ◽  
Design Students ◽  
Interior Environments ◽  
Interior Design Students

Empathy definitions do not adequately reflect the realities of empathy in the context of interior design for the elderly or disabled. This mixed research methods study explored the role that empathy as a design learning tool may have on the design process and learning experiences of interior design students, whom ultimately will design spaces for the elderly and disabled. To explore the use of empathy as a learning tool prior to commencing a renovation design project for three disabled farmers and their families in the southeast area of the United States, interior design students participated in class exercises that simulated various physical disabilities. After completing the exercises students reported high levels of emphatic concern for physically disabled older adults that made them more in tuned with the program needs of their clients, the farmers. Additionally, the students acknowledged that they had gained a greater understanding of inclusive design, whereby all end users of spaces regardless of physical and mental capabilities are to be considered when designing interior environments. Lastly, students enhanced their problem-solving skills by gaining insights into the importance of considering all details in design, ranging from the addition of coat hooks to door hardware selection and floor finish materials to furniture placements. This study is significant because two of the fastest growing sectors for interior design is healthcare and aging in place.

The Shifting Politics of Sustainable Seafood Consumerism

2018 ◽  
pp. 330-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon R. Bush ◽  
Cathy A. Roheim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Sustainable Seafood ◽  
Supply Mode

Seafood has emerged as a key testing ground for understanding the role of different value chain actors in driving sustainability. The conventional view, developed in the late 1990s, is that sustainable seafood is driven by the choices and practices of consumers in major importing markets, such as the United States and the European Union. This view led to the development of a range of boycott and buycott initiatives in the 2000s. Many of the buycott initiatives have been formalised into consumer-facing tools, such as certification, recommendation lists, and traceability. More recently celebrity chefs have also joined in, shaping sustainable seafood as cuisine. While these initiatives and tools initially assumed a demand-shapes-supply mode of political consumerism, they have all broadened to include multiple modes of political consumerism. The future of the sustainable seafood movement is therefore dependent on a clearer articulation of diverse modes of political consumerism.

ICTs and Border Security Policies in the United States and the European Union

2011 ◽  
pp. 373-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Shields
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Management Regime

ICT-related initiatives have dominated the border security strategies of the United States and the European Union in recent years. One set of surveillance systems fortifies the borderline. Another set is creating new frontiers away from the traditional boundary. The objectives of this chapter are to provide a detailed mapping and critical assessment of this two-pronged approach. With respect to the assessment, two arguments are made. First, there are good reasons to believe the approach is not enabling the authorities to deter identified border threats. Second, the approach is contributing to a border management regime that is having an increasingly divergent impact on the mobility and life chances of different groups and populations. In conclusion, it is suggested the inefficacy of the approach is due to contradictions and blind spots embedded in policy maker’s approaches to security issues. Remarks are offered as to why US and EU decision makers emphasize the role of ICTs as they seek to reconstitute their respective borders.

Sustainable Agriculture The United States versus the European Union

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson H. Varner ◽  
Katrin C. Varner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Population ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Sides

This paper examines developing issues and attitudes that unite and divide the United States and the European Union as the discussion and regulation of agriculture evolves. While some terms, such as “organic,” are defined in law in both the United States and European Union, the increasingly used “sustainability” is an evolving concept. The main sustainability issue is how to provide food and fiber for a rapidly growing world population. In this context, the role of biotechnology is questioned. Americans tend to favor what are sometimes called genetically modified crops, while Europeans remain cautious. Europeans lean more toward organic farming, while Americans assert that much of the world will starve if organic methods are required. This paper reviews the directions that the discussion of these issues is taking and will show areas of agreement and where the two sides diverge.

ELDER ABUSE

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Frank Glendenning
Keyword(s):  
Elder Abuse ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology

L. B. Cebik, Glenn C. Graber and Frank H. Marsh (eds) Advances in Bioethics: Volume 1: Violence, Neglect and the Elderly. JAI Press Inc., Greenwich, Conn. 1996, 240 pp. £62.50 Hbk ISBN 0-7623-0096-5.This book appears to be the first volume of a series, although it is not clear what additional volumes will follow. The price alone suggests that it is aimed at academic libraries, although serious researchers into elder mistreatment may decide that it is a necessary addition to a personal library as a book of reference.The Preface explains the origin of this series on Advances in Bioethics: ‘The magnitude of violence in the United States has become an increasingly grim reality for many Americans’. Walker and Maltby (1997), in their presentation of European research on ageing, recently drew attention to the sense of fear of walking out at night that older people have in all the member states of the European Union. The same appears to be true in the USA as well. The preface catalogues figures for 1992: 207,000 rapes, over 20,000 murders and 690,000 robberies. This has led the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to focus attention on violence and health, seeking to understand violence-related behaviour and its consequences. In 1993, the NIH set up the Panel of NIH Research on Antisocial, Aggressive and Violence-related Behaviours and their Consequences. The Panel included experts on ethics, criminal justice, medicine, behavioural and biological research, public health, epidemiology, anthropology, nursing, sociology, psychology and psychiatry. The Panel's purpose was to ‘evaluate the NIH research portfolio in terms of its relevance, adequacy and responsiveness to social and ethical concerns.’ It has been necessary to give this background in order that the book may be seen in context.

scholarly journals Loss of Notch3 Signaling Enhances Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Mandibular Torus

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.W. Dou ◽  
W. Park ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
Q.Z. Zhang ◽  
L.R. Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Jaw Bone ◽  
Downstream Target

Mandibular torus (MT) is a common intraoral osseous outgrowth located on the lingual surface of the mandible. Histologic features include hyperplastic bone consisting of mature cortical and trabecular bone. Some theories on the etiology of MT have been postulated, such as genetic factors, masticatory hyperfunction, trauma, and continued growth, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human MT in the pathogenesis of bone outgrowth. We demonstrated that MT harbored a distinct subpopulation of MSCs, with enhanced osteogenic and decreased adipogenic differentiation capacities, as compared with their counterparts from normal jaw bone. The increased osteogenic differentiation of mandibular torus MSCs was associated with the suppression of Notch3 signaling and its downstream target genes, Jag1 and Hey1, and a reciprocal increase in the transcriptional activation of ATF4 and NFATc1 genes. Targeted knockdown of Notch3 expression by transient siRNA transfection promoted the expression of osteogenic transcription factors in normal jaw bone MSCs. Our data suggest that the loss of Notch3 signaling may contribute partly to bone outgrowth in MT, as mediated by enhanced MSC-driven osteogenic differentiation in the jaw bone.

The Role of Regulatory Impact Assessment in Fighting Climate Change and the Economic Downturn: A EU-US Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Torriti ◽  
Ragnar Lofstedt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Eu

In times of low economic growth and post-Copenhagen climate talks, a number of reasons for regulatory competition and cooperation between the United States and the European Union coexist. This paper discusses the role of Impact Assessment between the US and the EU on responses to the economic downturn and climate change. It is argued that, in the future, IAs will be an instrument through which it will be possible to read the level of cooperation and competition between the US and the EU, particularly on economic trade and environmental regulation.

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