Supplementation of Heit-Chrose into Dairy Cow Feed Improves in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Heit-Chrose (HC) supplementation using in vitro method on ruminal fermentation of dairy cattle. HC is a feed supplement containing allicin, saponin and organic minerals ( Se , Cr and Zn). This research was conducted using completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were : 1). C = dairy cattle feed (CP 15.38%, CF 23.38%, TDN 61.26%); 2). HC-0 = C+ organic minerals (0.3 ppm Se + 0.15 ppm Cr + 40 ppm Zinc-lysinat) + 0 ppm of HC; 3). HC-15= C + 15 ppm HC; 4).HC-30 =C+ 30 ppm of HC; 5). HC-45 =C+ 45 ppm of HC; 6). HC-60 =C + 60 ppm of HC. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS program. HC supplementation increased the DMD, OMD, VFA, but reduced total gas, methane and protozoa count. HC supplementation greater than 30 ppm did not further improve ruminal fermentation. Supplementation at 30 ppm of HC to dairy cow feed was the appropriate level to improve the efficiency of rumen fermentation.

Download Full-text

Rumen fermentation kinetics as impacted by red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder using in vitro gas production technique

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20200/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽

Bounnaxay Viennasay ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Two Factors ◽

Dry Matter Degradation ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Background A need for research searching for alternative rumen enhancers warrants immediate attention. The in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement of two factors of roughage to concentrate and seven level of red amaranth leaf powder percentage of total substrate in a Completely randomized design (CRD). Two factors, namely Factor A was two ratio of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) at 60:40 and 40:60 and Factor B was level of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder (RALP) supplementation at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% of total dietary substrate. Results Red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) contained phytonutrients both condensed tannins and saponins in addition with high macro minerals (Ca, K, and Mg). This experiment revealed innovations of the RALP supplementation by enhancing rumen propionate (C3) production, reducing acetate (C2) to (C3) ratio, reducing protozoal population and mitigating methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, rumen dry matter degradation percentages were remarkably enhanced (P < 0.001) by increasing RALP supplementation. Conclusion Plants rich in phytonutrients and minerals such as red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) have a vital and promising role in modulating rumen fermentation, mitigating methane production, as well as increasing substrate degradability.

Download Full-text

Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet

10.20944/preprints202012.0042.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Cassava Root ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The current work aimed to screen the ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria and evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, kinetics of gas, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a Completely randomized design (CRD) for a screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments were the level of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. A 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design was used for in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of 0.5 g dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. Adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm, resulted in an increase in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of 0.5 g substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p < 0.05), whereas increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05). Cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p < 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro dry matter and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05) in 440 g/kg FCR. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid, as well as the ratio of C2 to C3 among supplementations with FCR (p < 0.05) were significantly different. As the proportion of FCR increased to 530 g/kg of the substrate, the volume of C3 increased by 14.6%. This is the first finding of bacteria in the rumen capable of utilizing cyanide, and cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. Inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g/kg PELFUR could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.

Download Full-text

EXTRATO DE MAMONA COMO MANIPULADOR DA FERMENTAÇÃO RUMINAL

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i2.8325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

Pâmella Moraes Franco ◽

Márcia Rodrigues Carvalho Oliveira ◽

Joao Rafael de Assis ◽

Jurandy Gouveira Junior ◽

Rodrigo Nazare Santos Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Production ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Dietary Condition ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

High Forage

Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos da adição do extrato de farelo de mamona (EFM) sobre o perfil da fermentação ruminal in vitro em dietas com alto e baixo teor de forragem. Utilizou-se ensaio de incubação ruminal in vitro com dois controles, um negativo (sem aditivo) e um positivo (monensina sódica) e EFM liofilizado (20, 40 e 60 mg/frasco). Em condições de alto teor de forragem na dieta, a adição do EFM aumentou o pH do meio e a concentração de acetato, reduziu a produção de gás, mas não afetou a produção de gás por unidade de matéria seca (MS) digerida em relação ao tratamento controle. Em comparação com monensina sódica, o EFM reduziu as concentrações de propionato e amônia e aumentou a produção de gás por unidade de MS digerida. Em condições de baixo teor de forragem, a adição do EFM reduziu o pH e potencial redox do meio em relação ao tratamento controle. Em comparação com a monensina sódica, o EFM reduziu o pH do meio e a produção total de gás, mas não afetou a produção de gás por unidade de MS digerida. O extrato de farelo de mamona destoxificado não apresenta potencial como manipulador da fermentação ruminal.Palavras-chave: amônia; digestibilidade; eficiência; metano. CASTOR BEAN EXTRACT AS A MANIPULATOR OF RUMINAL FERMENTATION ABSTRACT: Effects of the castorbean meal extract (CME) on ruminal in vitro were investigate in high and low forage diet conditions. For each dietary condition, one in vitro ruminal incubation experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with nine repetitions per treatment (three animal inoculum donators and three 48 hors-incubations). In high forage diet, CME increased ruminal pH acetate concentration, reduced gas production, but it did not affect the gas production per unit of digested dry matter (DM), in relation to control treatment. Compare to monensin sodium, CME reduced propionate and ammonia concentrations and increased gas production per unit of digested DM, indicating that CME reduces ruminal energetic efficiency. In low forage diet, CME reduced pH and redox potential compare to control. Compare to monensin sodium, CME reduced pH and gas production, but it did not affect gas production per unit of digested DM. Castorbean meal extract does not present potential as manipulator of the ruminal fermentation.Keywords: ammonia; digestibility; efficiency; methane.

Download Full-text

Óleos essenciais como modificadores da fermentação ruminal em substituição a monensina sódica in vitro

Archivos de Zootecnia ◽

10.21071/az.v68i264.4998 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (264) ◽

pp. 576-581

Author(s):

L. Antunes Stella ◽

V. Rosa Prates ◽

A. Zubieta ◽

C. Bayer ◽

J.O. Jardim Barcellos

Keyword(s):

Gas Production ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Cinnamon Oil ◽

Bitter Orange ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Fermentation Parameters

The objective of this study to evaluate the effect of secondary plant compounds present in essential oils in replacement of monensin on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters. It was adopted a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: control (CON), monensin (MON), garlic oil (ALH), cinnamon oil (CAN), clove oil (CRA), mint oil (HOR), juniper oil (JUN), bitter orange oil (LAR), and melaleuca oil (MEL). The in vitro gas technique was used to record total gas production at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after incubation. MON, CAN and CRA increased gas production Only the garlic and cinnamon treatments reduced the digestibility of organic matter in 20 and 26% in relation to the control treatment. Methane production reduced (P

Download Full-text

Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8010010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Production Parameters ◽

Cassava Root ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Two experiments were undertaken to screen for ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria (Experiment 1), and to evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, gas production parameters, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) for the screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments consisted of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. In Experiment 2, a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design was used for the in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. In Experiment 1, adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm resulted in increases in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. In Experiment 2, no interaction effects were found between FCR and PELFUR doses on gas production parameters (p > 0.05). Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of DM substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p < 0.05). Increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g PELFUR/kg of DM substrate (p < 0.05). The cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p < 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro DM and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g PELFUR/kg of DM substrate (p < 0.05) in 440 g FCR/kg of DM substrate. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid among supplementations with FCR (p < 0.05) were significantly different. In conclusion, the present results represent the first finding of bacteria in the rumen that are capable of utilizing cyanide, and suggests that cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. The inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g PELFUR/kg of DM substrate could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.

Download Full-text

The Improvement of Rumen Fermentation Products Through In-Vitro Supplementation of Mg and Co Minerals

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.anprod.2016.18.2.552 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

FM Suhartati ◽

Wardhana Suryapratama

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Vitro Experiment ◽

In Vitro Experiment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

A study has been conducted to examine the effect of Mg and Co supplementation on rumen fermentation products. The study was conducted in an in vitro experiment, applying completely randomized design, 3x3 factorial. The first factor was three levels of Mg (0; 7.5 and 15.0 mM), and three levels of Co (0; 0.03 and 0.06 mM) as the second factor, total 9 treatments each repeated three times, comprising 27 experimental units all together. In vitro incubation lasted for 4 hours. Variables measured were the concentrations of VFA, N-NH3 and protein synthesis of microbial rumen. Data were subject to analysis of variance and orthogonal polynomials test. The results showed an interaction effect between Mg and Co on the concentration of VFA, N-NH3 and protein synthesis of microbial rumen. The increasing supplementation of Mg at 0.06 mM Co increased VFA concentration; the highest concentration of N-NH3 was achieved by rumen fluid supplemented with 15.0 mM of Mg and 0.03 mM of Co. The highest protein synthesis of microbial rumen was achieved by the rumen fluid supplemented with 8.18 mM of Mg with no supplementation of Co.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Suplementasi dan Proteksi Minyak Biji Kapuk Terhadap Fermentabilitas Ruminal Rumput Gajah pada Sapi Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2299 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

D. D. Dinata ◽

Widiyanto Widiyanto ◽

Retno Iswarin Pujaningsih

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Control Treatment ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

(The effect of supplementation and protection of kapok seed oil on in vitro ruminal fermentability of elephant grass) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to study the interaction between supplementation and protection of kapok seed oil (KSO) influence on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentability products of elephant grass. Material used were elephant grass, kapok seed oil, KOH and CaCl2 reagens and cattle rumen fluids. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used with two factorial pattern 3 x 5 with 2 replications, first factor was supplementation of KSO consist of 3 levels: 5% (S1); 10% (S2); and 15% (S3), respectively. Second factor was protection consist of 5 levels: 0% (P0); 25% (P1); 50% (P2); 75% (P3) and 100% (P4); also control treatment without supplementation and protection of KSO (S0P0). The result of this research showed there was no interaction between supplementation and protection of KSO on digestibility of elephant grass. The highest In vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD) and In vitro Digestibility of Organic Material (IVDOM) reached by control treatment, 55,17% and 54,27%, respectively. The results of this research showed influence of interaction between supplementation and protection of KSO on VFA and NH3 production (P0.05). The highest VFA and NH3 production reached by 10% supplementation and 25% protection were 152,5 and 6,50 mM. The conclusion of this study showed that supplementation and protection of KSO was not effecting ruminal fermentation, but decreasing in vitro digestibility of elephant grass.

Download Full-text

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v9i2.2015.71-77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽

Fauzia Andrini ◽

Yulis Hamidy

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

Download Full-text

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Air Kelapa

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v1i1.293 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. Tuhuteru ◽

Meity L Hehanussa ◽

Simon H.T Raharjo

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Dendrobium anosmum is one of natural orchids in Indonesia. Optimization of medium composition for orchid propagation through in vitro culture is necessary to enhance propagule multiplication capabilities and quality. This study was aimed to study the influence of concentration of coconut water in culture medium on in vitro growth and development of D. anosmum orchid species and to determine the optimal coconut water concentration in culture media. The experiment were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of coconut water with concentrations: 0 ml•l -1 (control), 50 ml•l-1, 100 ml•l-1 and 150 ml•l-1. The results showed that addition of coconut water in culture medium gave different effect on shoot growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids. Coconut water concentration of 100 ml•l-1 was the best concentration for growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids, based on both shoots and roots growth, plantlet height and wet weight.

Download Full-text

PERBANDINGAN DAYA HAMBAT BAKTERI Pseudomonas fluorescens ASAL TOMAT, KEDELAI, DAN JAGUNG TERHADAP Ralstonia solanacearum SECARA IN VITRO

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v5i6.602 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Aco Roni Kirihio ◽

Ivonne Fitria Mariay ◽

Cipta Meliala

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

<em>Inhibition of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates the origin of tomato, soybean and corn against Ralstonia solanacearum tested using a completely randomized design (CRD). P. fluorescens growth was measured at King's B medium by way of suspension antagonist put on filter paper of 0.5 cm in diameter. Inhibition of P. fluorescens is done by placing the antagonist suspension of 0.5 cm diameter filter paper on NA media that has been deployed R. solanacearum. The results showed that: (a) the growth of P. fluorescens origin of tomato, soybean and corn on King's B media were not significantly different, (b) the inhibition of P. fluorescens isolates against R. solanacearum not significantly different and, (c) the inhibition of isolates P. fluorescens origin of tomato, soybean and corn against R. solanacearum in vitro relatively strong</em>

Download Full-text