scholarly journals Sifat kayu jati unggul nusantara (Tectona grandis L.f.) pada tiga kelas diameter pohon

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Gudiwidayanto Sapto Putro ◽  
◽  
Sri Nugroho Marsoem ◽  
Joko Sulistyo ◽  
Suryo Hadiwinoto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radial Position ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tree Growth Rate

Increasing the growth rate of teak trees is carried out to shorten the tree harvest rotation and reduce the deficit of teak timber supply, while maintaining the superiority of wood properties. The study was conducted to study the nature offive-year-oldJUNTeak wood in three classes of tree diameter and radial position of the trunk.This study employed a completely randomized design arranged in factorial combinations of the treatments of radial positions and diameter classes consisting of large (18-22 cm), medium (14-18 cm) and small (10-14 cm) stem diameters, andthe radial position of wood on the trunk based on the tree's ring. Three samplesof trees werefelled for each stem diameter classso that totally nine trees were used in this study. The testing of the physical properties of wood and the measurement of fiber dimensions were conducted using British Standards 373 and the IAWA method, respectively. The results showed that the diameter of the tree and the radial position of the wood had a significant effect on all parameters observed (fiber dimension and physical properties of wood), except the fiber diameter. The tree growth rate had a negative correlation with fiber length (-0.67), fiber wall thickness (-0.65), air-dry moisture content (-0.91) and air dry specific gravity (-0.86), and had a positive correlation with fiber diameter (0.61) and greenwater content (0.78). According to the pattern of wood properties in the radial direction, JUN wood harvested at the age of five was categorized as juvenile wood.This wood is acceptable as furniture and lightweight construction material.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of teak stands at different spacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1118
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Antonio Medeiros ◽  
Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Flávio Siqueira D’Ávila ◽  
Helio Garcia Leite
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and yield of teak (Tectona grandis) stands at different spacing and in different soil classes. Twelve spacing were evaluated in an Inceptisol and Oxisol, in plots with an area of 1,505 or 1,548 m2, arranged in a completely randomized design with nine replicates. The teak trees were measured at 26, 42, 50, and 78 months of age. Total tree height was less affected by spacing. Mean square diameter was greater in wider spacing, whereas basal area and total volume with bark were greater in closer spacing. An increase in volume with bark per tree was observed with the increase of useful area per plant. For teak trees, growth stagnation happens earlier, the growth rate is higher in closer spacing, and the plants grow more in the Inceptisol than in the Oxisol.

scholarly journals The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudiwidayanto Sapto Putro ◽  
Sri Nugroho Marsoem ◽  
Joko Sulistyo ◽  
Suryo Hardiwinoto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract. Putro GS, Marsoem SN, Sulistyo J, Hardiwinoto S. 2020. The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties. Biodiversitas 21: 2814-2820. Various clones of superior teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) trees have recently been introduced in several land conditions. A study was conducted on three different clones of superior teak known as Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) growing in Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Two different ages of those clones were observed their growth rate and its wood properties. Strip plot design was applied to the treatment of tree age (five and eight-year-old) and clone types (D14, F35, and F21 clones). Tree growth was measured on 300 trees, meanwhile, annual growth rate and wood properties were measured on 18 trees. The result showed that at five-year-old as well as eight-year-old, the D14 clone has the best growth performance with diameter of 14.6 ± 1.80 cm and 20.5 ± 2.54 cm and height of 9.8 ± 1.72 m and 15.2 ± 2.13 m respectively. The growth rate negatively correlated with temperature and had no significant correlation to the precipitation. Different clones and tree age significantly affect the variability of fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion. The clone of D14 produced the highest-fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion (1.111mm; 0.50 and17.7%) at five-year-old trees and (1.156 mm; 0.54 and 49.0%) at eight-years-old.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization on cell size in wood of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Luiz de Lima ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽  
Luiz Santini Junior ◽  
José Nivaldo Garcia ◽  
Sandra Monteiro Borges Florsheim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Radial Position ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Vessel Element Length

The use of fertilization in forest stands results in yield gains, yet little attention has been directed to its potential effects on the quality of wood produced. Information is scarce about the effect of fertilization on anatomical structures of older Eucalyptus wood. This work aims to study the effect of fertilization on tissue cell size of wood from a Eucalyptus grandis stand at age 21 years, the management system of which is based on selective thinning and fertilizer application at the start of the thinning season. Factors to consider include: presence or absence of fertilizers, two log positions and five radial (pith to bark) positions. Results led to the conclusion that fertilization significantly influenced only vessel frequency. Vessel element length was influenced by tree height. Fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, vessel element length, vessel diameter and vessel frequency were influenced by the radial position of the sample in relation to the log. A positive correlation was observed between fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, vessel element length, vessel diameter, ray width and radial position, while a negative correlation was observed between ray frequency and radial position.

scholarly journals Wood Anatomical Features and Physical Properties of Fast Growing Red Meranti from Line Planting at Natural Forest of Central Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Joko Sulistyo ◽  
Harry Praptoyo ◽  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Ragil Widyorini ◽  
Widyatno Widyatno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Shorea Leprosula ◽  
Planting System

High productivity fast growing species plantation establishment such as the line planting of red meranti (i.e Shorealeprosula and Shorea parvifolia) with intensive silviculture is one potential solution to improve wood supply for industries in Indonesia. However, the information of anatomical properties and wood properties of these two species related to the influence of the line planting system and tree growth rate is limited. This paper studies the anatomical features, wood cell proportions, fiber dimensions and physical properties of wood in radial variation in relation to the line planting effect and tree growth rate. Wood of the trees grown in the line planting system showed higher proportion of vessel element compared to those of wood from natural forest. The vessel diameter of wood from the line planting was also larger than that of in wood from natural forest. The specific gravity of wood from Shorea parvifolia grown on the line planting was higher than that of wood grown in natural forest. The variation of specific gravity on wood portion near to the pith of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia trees grown on the line planting was related to the variation of the cell wall thickness. The bigger diameter of trees grown or the faster growth rate in the line of planting at the same age shows the greater vessel diameter in wood of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia and greater specific gravity of Shorea parvifolia wood.

Pengaruh Penambahan Air pada Pengolahan Susu Kedelai

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Priscillia Picauly ◽  
Josefina Talahatu ◽  
Meitycorfrida Mailoa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Soya Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Extract ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Water Ratio

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) is needed as an alternative diversification in order to increase protein consumption. Soybean can be processed into variety of foods and drinks. The most popular drink from soybean is soya milk which is made from soybean extract yielded from the addition of water. The amount of water added determine the quality of soya milk due to its effect on the chemical and physical properties of soya milk. This research was intended to find out the proper ratio of soybean and water in the processing of soya milk to yield the best quality. A completely randomized design was used with eight treatments of soybean and water ratio as follows, ratio of 1 : 6, ratio of 1 : 8, ratio of 1 : 10, ratio of 1 : 12, ratio of 1 : 14, ratio of 1 : 16, ratio of 1 : 18 and ratio of 1 : 20. Result showed the soybean and water ratio 1 : 10 in the processing of soya milk yielded milk having good quality according to its chemical with protein content of 2.53%, fat of 1.20%, sugar total of 1.60%, pH of 7.1, and organoleptic characteristies of both somewhat sweet taste and viscous texture.

Disentangling the role of competition, light interception, and functional traits in tree growth rate variation in South Asian tropical moist forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 118908
Author(s):  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Masum Billah ◽  
Md Obydur Rahman ◽  
Debit Datta ◽  
Muhammad Ahsanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Tree Growth Rate

Effect of growth rate on the structure and physical properties of Mo doped ZnO films

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifeng Chen ◽  
Xiaoli Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Feifei Liu ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Doped Zno

scholarly journals Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi ◽  
Araceli Hackbarth ◽  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

Genetic relationships between wood quality traits and diameter growth of juvenile core wood in Sitka spruce

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Kennedy ◽  
A.D. Cameron ◽  
S.J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Good Growth

The trend towards shorter rotations in planted conifer stands has resulted in a reduction in the proportion of mature wood relative to juvenile core wood, raising concerns that the mechanical performance of sawn battens will be affected. The potential to improve the wood quality of the juvenile core of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière) without compromising growth rate was investigated. Rapid and inexpensive indirect methods of assessing wood properties on standing trees using a Pilodyn gun and acoustic velocity were compared with direct measurements made on wood samples cut from the juvenile core. Strong genetic correlations were observed between Pilodyn gun values and direct measures of density (–0.76) and between the square of acoustic velocity and modulus of elasticity (0.73). The genetic correlation between the square of acoustic velocity and microfibril angle was also strong (–0.84). These results suggest that indirect assessments of wood properties within juvenile core wood are sufficiently reliable for these techniques to be used in the Sitka spruce breeding programme. Although a strong negative genetic correlation between diameter at breast height and density was noted (–0.79), sufficient variation exists within the breeding population to select families with both good growth rate and high modulus of elasticity wood.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN HIDUP IKAN NILA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG WORI (Ormocarpum cochinchinense) FERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Numisye Iske Mose ◽  
Jetti Treslah Saselah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

Tanaman wori merupakan salah satu tanaman kelompok fabaceace yang tumbuh melimpah di Sangihe dan sangat potensial digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber pakan ikan. Kadar protein daun wori adalah 25,53% sehingga berpotensi menjadi protein nabati bagi ikan. Kendala utama yang ditemui ketika memanfaatkan daun tanaman wori adalah kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi yaitu 48,51% sehingga dapat mempengaruhi proses pencernaan ikan, penyerapan nutrisi yang berujung pada rendahnya pertumbuhan ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung daun wori femerntasi terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan sintasan hidup ikan nila. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang dilakukan terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan yaitu kadar tepung daun wori tanpa fermentasi A (kontrol) 10%, kemudian B tepung daun wori fermentasi (10%), dan C tepung daun wori fermentasi (20%). Laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan efisiensi pakan diuji menggunakan ANOVA sedangkan sintasan hidup akan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penambahan tepung wori fermenasi dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesfik ikan nila dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan C yaitu SGR 1,94%/hari. Sementara itu, untuk semua perlakuan nilai sintasan hidup sebesar 100%.   The wori plant is one of the plants of the fabaceace group that grows abundantly in Sangihe and has potential to be used as a source of fish feed. The protein content of wori leaves is 25.53%, so it has the potential to become vegetable protein for fish. The main obstacle encountered when utilizing wori plant leaves is the high carbohydrate content of 48.51% so that it can affect the digestion process of fish, nutrient absorption which lead to low fish growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of wori femerntation leaf meal on the specific growth rate and survival of tilapia. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of three treatments and three replications, namely the content of fermented wori leaf powder, A (control) 10%, then B fermented wori leaf powder (10%), and C fermented wori leaf powder (20%). Specific growth rate and feed efficiency were tested using ANOVA, while survival rate was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the addition of fermented wori powder in the feed can increase the value of the specific growth rate of tilapia and feed utilization efficiency with the highest value in treatment C, namely SGR 1.94% / day. Meanwhile, for all treatments the survival rate was 100%.

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