scholarly journals RAINFALL UNCERTAINTY AND WATER AVAILABILITY: ELEMENTS FOR PLANNING WATER ALLOCATION TO USERS IN IRRIGATION DISTRICTS OF MEXICO. STUDY CASE IRRIGATION DISTRICT 041 YAQUI RIVER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Sánchez Cohen ◽  
Gerardo Esquivel Arriaga ◽  
Maritza Argelia Macías Corral ◽  
Julián Cerano Paredes ◽  
Marco Antonio Inzunza Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Study Case

scholarly journals The application of Budyko framework to irrigation districts in China under various climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Chen ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Yingying Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. Budyko's framework has been widely used to study basin-scale water balance. In this study, we focus on the extended application of Fu's equation (one formulation of the Budyko-type curves) to 371 large irrigation districts in China over a period of 2010–2017. Water balance method was used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ET) in the irrigated areas. Considering the contribution of shallow groundwater to ET, the water availability in the Budyko framework defined as equivalent precipitation (Pe) for irrigation areas is the sum of irrigation water (I), precipitation (P) and groundwater evaporation (ETgw). Results showed that the relationships between evapotranspiration (ET), water availability (Pe) and energy supply (ET0) can be accurately described by the Budyko's curves. The Fu's equation performed better in humid and semi-humid regions than arid and semi-arid regions. The comparison between δET/δPe and δET/δET0 confirmed the relative effect of water availability and energy supply on ET according to the variation of climatic conditions. The optimal values of Budyko parameter ω for each irrigation district was obtained with multi-annual data using least square method. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil property (denoted by the proportion of clay and sand) were selected to develop empirical equation for parameter ω using multiple linear regression analysis method. This study showed that the Budyko framework can be extended to irrigation areas and provide useful information on evapotranspiration to assist in water management in irrigation areas.

scholarly journals A Novel Physically Based Distributed Model for Irrigation Districts’ Water Movement

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Boyu Mi ◽  
Haorui Chen ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Yinlong Jin ◽  
Jiangdong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Groundwater Movement ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Physically Based

The water movement research in irrigation districts is important for food production. Many hydrological models have been proposed to simulate the water movement on the regional scale, yet few of them have comprehensively considered processes in the irrigation districts. A novel physically based distributed model, the Irrigation Districts Model (IDM), was constructed in this study to address this problem. The model combined the 1D canal and ditch flow, the 1D soil water movement, the 2D groundwater movement, and the water interactions among these processes. It was calibrated and verified with two-year experimental data from Shahaoqu Sub-Irrigation Area in Hetao Irrigation District. The overall water balance error is 2.9% and 1.6% for the two years, respectively. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of water table depth and soil water content is 0.72 and 0.64 in the calibration year and 0.68 and 0.64 in the verification year. The results show good correspondence between the simulation and observation. It is practicable to apply the model in water movement research of irrigation districts.

Water Scarcity and Conflict Between Upstream and Downstream Riparian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 2150012
Author(s):  
Sahar Farid Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Allocation Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Backward Induction ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Militarized Conflicts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Water Scarce

More than one-quarter of the world’s population lives in water-scarce areas, while most countries share at least one transboundary river. If water scarcity is this prevalent, should we expect riparian countries to fight over the water allocation of shared rivers? To answer this question, I develop a modified one-shot three-stage river-sharing game where countries can resort to force to solve their water allocation problem. Using backward induction, I solve for the probability of the downstream country initiating conflict against the upstream country and the likelihood of the latter responding with force to the former’s hostile actions. I test the model empirically using a set of all upstream–downstream riparian dyads with available data from AQUASTAT and the Correlates of War Project for the years 1960–2010. The main contribution of this paper is that it demonstrates how upstream and downstream riparian countries differ in their decision to use force against the other country when experiencing water scarcity. I find that water scarcity increases the likelihood of the downstream country initiating the conflict, but it has no effect on the upstream country’s likelihood of responding with force. If history is a predictor of the future, then the results imply that as more riparian countries become water-scarce, militarized conflicts between upstream and downstream countries are likely to increase, especially if there is heterogeneity in water availability between the riparian dyad.

scholarly journals Study on Double-Level Allocation of Irrigation Water Rights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjian Guan ◽  
Qiongying Du ◽  
Wenge Zhang ◽  
Baoyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Irrigation Districts

Abstract Establishing and perfecting the water rights system is an important way to alleviate the shortage of water resources and realize the optimal allocation of water resources. Agriculture is an important user of water in various water-consumption industries, the confirmation of water rights in irrigation districts to farmers is the inevitable requirement for implementing fine irrigation in agricultural production. In this paper, a double-level water rights allocation model of national canals – farmer households in irrigation district is established. It takes into account the current water consumption of the canal system, the future water-saving potential and the constraint of total amount control at the canal level. It takes into account the asymmetric information of farmer households’ population and irrigation area at the farmer household level. Furthermore, the Gini coefficient method is used to construct the water rights allocation model among farmer households based on the principle of fairness. Finally, Wulanbuhe Irrigation Area in the Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia is taken as an example. The results show that the allocated water rights of the national canals in the irrigation district are less than the current because of water-saving measures and water rights of farmer household get compensation or cut respectively. The research has fully tapped the water-saving potential of irrigation districts, refined the distribution of water rights of farmers and can provide a scientific basis for the development of water rights allocation in irrigation districts and water rights transactions between farmers.

scholarly journals The Waterlogging Process Model in the Paddy Fields of Flat Irrigation Districts

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2668
Author(s):  
Yujiang Xiong ◽  
Zhenyang Liu ◽  
Fengli Liu ◽  
Niannian Yuan ◽  
Haolong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Flat, low-lying agricultural areas such as irrigation districts in southern China have been increasingly vulnerable to flood inundation disasters because of the increased runoff associated with urbanization and climate change. In this study, we developed a waterlogging process simulation model comprising two parts: runoff generation module and runoff confluence module. An improved tank model and hydrodynamic model based on Saint–Venant equations were adopted in the runoff generation and confluence module, respectively. The results show that the model’s relative error and root mean square error are 2.1% and 0.17 mm/h, and the Nash coefficient of the model is 0.91. The relative error of river level simulation was within 5%, and the Nash coefficient was higher than 0.9. The proposed waterlogging simulation model could be a valuable tool for describing the process of waterlogging generation, accumulation, and confluence in the studied irrigation district or other regions with similar climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Optimal Water Resources Regulation for the Pond Irrigation System Based on Simulation—A Case Study in Jiang-Huai Hilly Regions, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangming Jiang ◽  
Shaowei Ning ◽  
Xiuqing Cao ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Fan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Regulation Model

Due to the importance and complexity of water resources regulations in the pond irrigation systems of the Jiang-Huai hilly regions, a water allocation simulation model for pond irrigation districts based on system simulation theory was developed in this study. To maximize agricultural irrigation benefits while guaranteeing rural domestic water demand, an optimal water resources regulation model for pond irrigation districts and a simulation-based optimal water resources regulation technology system for the pond irrigation system were developed. Using this system, it was determined that the suitable pond coverage rate (pond capacity per unit area) was 2.92 × 105 m3/km2. Suitable water supply and operational rules for adjusting crop planting structure were also developed the water-saving irrigation method and irrigation system. To guarantee rural domestic water demand, the multi-year average total irrigation water deficit of the study area decreased by 4.66 × 104 m3/km2; the average multi-year water deficit ratio decreased from 20.40% to 1.18%; the average multi-year irrigation benefit increased by 1.11 × 105 RMB (16,128$)/km2; and the average multi-year revenue increased by 6.69%. Both the economic and social benefits were significant. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technological support for comprehensive pone governance in the Jiang-Huai hilly regions and promote the establishment of a water allocation scheme and irrigation system for pond irrigation districts, which have practical significance and important application value.

scholarly journals Adaptation Effort and Performance of Water Management Strategies to Face Climate Change Impacts in Six Representative Basins of Southern Europe

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Sordo-Ward ◽  
Alfredo Granados ◽  
Ana Iglesias ◽  
Luis Garrote ◽  
María Bejarano
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
River Network ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

We evaluated different management alternatives to enhance potential water availability for agriculture under climate change scenarios. The management goal involved maximizing potential water availability, understood as the maximum volume of water supplied at a certain point of the river network that satisfies a defined demand, and taking into account specified reliability requirements. We focused on potential water availability for agriculture and assumed two types of demands: urban supply and irrigation. If potential water availability was not enough to satisfy all irrigation demands, management measures were applied aiming at achieving a compromise solution between resources and demands. The methodological approach consisted of estimation and comparison of runoff for current and future period under climate change effects, calculation of water availability changes due to changes in runoff, and evaluation of the adaptation choices that can modify the distribution of water availability, under climate change. Adaptation choices include modifying water allocation to agriculture, increasing the reservoir storage capacity, improving the efficiency of urban water use, and modifying water allocation to environmental flows. These management measures were evaluated at the desired points of the river network by applying the Water Availability and Adaptation Policy Analysis (WAAPA) model. We simulated the behavior of a set of reservoirs that supply water for a set of prioritized demands, complying with specified ecological flows and accounting for evaporation losses. We applied the methodology in six representative basins of southern Europe: Duero-Douro, Ebro, Guadalquivir, Po, Maritsa-Evros, and Struma-Strymon. While in some basins, such as the Ebro or Struma-Strymon, measures can significantly increase water availability and compensate for a fraction of water scarcity due to climate change, in other basins, like the Guadalquivir, water availability cannot be enhanced by applying the management measures analyzed, and irrigation water use will have to be reduced.

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