scholarly journals The application of Budyko framework to irrigation districts in China under various climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Chen ◽  
Zailin Huo ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
Yingying Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract. Budyko's framework has been widely used to study basin-scale water balance. In this study, we focus on the extended application of Fu's equation (one formulation of the Budyko-type curves) to 371 large irrigation districts in China over a period of 2010–2017. Water balance method was used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ET) in the irrigated areas. Considering the contribution of shallow groundwater to ET, the water availability in the Budyko framework defined as equivalent precipitation (Pe) for irrigation areas is the sum of irrigation water (I), precipitation (P) and groundwater evaporation (ETgw). Results showed that the relationships between evapotranspiration (ET), water availability (Pe) and energy supply (ET0) can be accurately described by the Budyko's curves. The Fu's equation performed better in humid and semi-humid regions than arid and semi-arid regions. The comparison between δET/δPe and δET/δET0 confirmed the relative effect of water availability and energy supply on ET according to the variation of climatic conditions. The optimal values of Budyko parameter ω for each irrigation district was obtained with multi-annual data using least square method. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and soil property (denoted by the proportion of clay and sand) were selected to develop empirical equation for parameter ω using multiple linear regression analysis method. This study showed that the Budyko framework can be extended to irrigation areas and provide useful information on evapotranspiration to assist in water management in irrigation areas.

scholarly journals The Waterlogging Process Model in the Paddy Fields of Flat Irrigation Districts

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2668
Author(s):  
Yujiang Xiong ◽  
Zhenyang Liu ◽  
Fengli Liu ◽  
Niannian Yuan ◽  
Haolong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Flat, low-lying agricultural areas such as irrigation districts in southern China have been increasingly vulnerable to flood inundation disasters because of the increased runoff associated with urbanization and climate change. In this study, we developed a waterlogging process simulation model comprising two parts: runoff generation module and runoff confluence module. An improved tank model and hydrodynamic model based on Saint–Venant equations were adopted in the runoff generation and confluence module, respectively. The results show that the model’s relative error and root mean square error are 2.1% and 0.17 mm/h, and the Nash coefficient of the model is 0.91. The relative error of river level simulation was within 5%, and the Nash coefficient was higher than 0.9. The proposed waterlogging simulation model could be a valuable tool for describing the process of waterlogging generation, accumulation, and confluence in the studied irrigation district or other regions with similar climatic conditions.

scholarly journals RAINFALL UNCERTAINTY AND WATER AVAILABILITY: ELEMENTS FOR PLANNING WATER ALLOCATION TO USERS IN IRRIGATION DISTRICTS OF MEXICO. STUDY CASE IRRIGATION DISTRICT 041 YAQUI RIVER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Sánchez Cohen ◽  
Gerardo Esquivel Arriaga ◽  
Maritza Argelia Macías Corral ◽  
Julián Cerano Paredes ◽  
Marco Antonio Inzunza Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Study Case

scholarly journals Accounting for hydro-climatic and water use variability in the assessment of past and future water balance at the basin scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fabre ◽  
D. Ruelland ◽  
A. Dezetter ◽  
B. Grouillet
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Water Uses

Abstract. This study assesses water stress by 2050 in river basins facing increasing human and climatic pressures, by comparing the impacts of various combinations of possible future socio-economic and climate trends. A modelling framework integrating human and hydro-climatic dynamics and accounting for interactions between resource and demand at a 10-day time step was developed and applied in two basins of different sizes and with contrasted water uses: the Herault (2500 km2, France) and the Ebro (85 000 km2, Spain) basins. Natural streamflow was evaluated using a conceptual hydrological model (GR4j). A demand-driven reservoir management model was designed to account for streamflow regulations from the main dams. Urban water demand was estimated from time series of population and monthly unit water consumption data. Agricultural water demand was computed from time series of irrigated area, crop and soil data, and climate forcing. Indicators comparing water supply to demand at strategic resource and demand nodes were computed. This framework was successfully calibrated and validated under non-stationary human and hydro-climatic conditions over the last 40 years before being applied under four combinations of climatic and water use scenarios to differentiate the impacts of climate- and human-induced changes on streamflow and water balance. Climate simulations from the CMIP5 exercise were used to generate 18 climate scenarios at the 2050 horizon. A baseline water use scenario for 2050 was designed based on demographic and local socio-economic trends. Results showed that projected water uses are not sustainable under climate change scenarios.

PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL, GDP PER KAPITA, SEKTOR PERTANIAN, DAN URBANISASI TERHADAP PENDUDUK BEKERJA DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
John Marcell Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Per Capita

This research aims to understand the influenceof foreign investment, international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization of the working population. Country used as an object in this research is Indonesia. This research uses the method of analysis Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the multiple linear regression analysis method. Research period are from 1997 – 2012. The results showed that the international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization have significantpositive influenceon the population work in Indonesia, but foreign investment has no significanteffect on the working population in Indonesia.

Role of Credit Rating in determining Capital structure: Evidence from Non-Financial sector of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ali ◽  
Imran Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

This paper aims to examine the impact of external credit ratings on the financial decisions of the firms in Pakistan.  This study uses the annual data of 70 non-financial firms for the period 2012-2018. It uses ordinary least square (OLS) to estimate the impact of credit rating on capital structure. The results show that rated firm has a high level of leverage. Moreover, Profitability and tanagability are also found to be a significantly negative determinant of the capital structure, whereas, size of the firm has a significant positive relationship with the capital structure of the firm.  Besides, there exists a non-linear relationship between the credit rating and the capital structure. The rated firms have higher leverage as compared to the non-rated firms. The high and low rated firms have a low level of leverage, while mid rated firms have a higher leverage ratio. The finding of the study have practical implications for the manager; they can have easier access to the financial market by just having a credit rating no matter high or low. Policymakers must stress upon the rating agencies to keep improving themselves as their rating severs as the measure to judge the creditworthiness of the firm by both the investors and management as well.

scholarly journals A worldwide evaluation of basin-scale evapotranspiration estimates against the water balance method

2016 ◽  
Vol 538 ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Liu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Yanzhong Li ◽  
Fubao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Basin Scale

scholarly journals Happiness, quality of working life, and job satisfaction among nurses working in emergency departments in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Javanmardnejad ◽  
Razieh Bandari ◽  
Majideh Heravi-Karimooi ◽  
Nahid Rejeh ◽  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Nurses have a vital role in the healthcare system. One of the basic steps to increase their happiness is to recognize factors such as job satisfaction and quality of working life. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between happiness and quality of working life and job satisfaction among nursing personnel. Methods This descriptive study was carried out on 270 hospital nurses who worked in emergency departments in Iran. Nurses were recruited through the census method. Data collection instruments included the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), the Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (QWL), and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ). Data were explored using descriptive statistics, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results The mean age of participants was 30.1 ± 6.26 years. The mean happiness score was 38.5 ± 16.22, the mean Quality of Working Life (QWL) score was 84.3 ± 17.62, and the mean job satisfaction score was found to be 45.5 ± 13.57); corresponding to moderate levels of attributes. The results obtained from the ordinary least-square (OLS) regression indicated that happiness significantly was associated with economic status and satisfaction with closure (R2: 0.38). Conclusion Overall the current study found that nurses who work in emergency departments did not feel happy. Additionally, the findings suggest that their happiness were associated with their economic status, and closure over their duties.

scholarly journals Afforestation of Degraded Croplands as a Water-Saving Option in Irrigated Region of the Aral Sea Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Navneet Kumar ◽  
Asia Khamzina ◽  
Patrick Knöfel ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Bernhard Tischbein
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Trade Offs

Climate change is likely to decrease surface water availability in Central Asia, thereby necessitating land use adaptations in irrigated regions. The introduction of trees to marginally productive croplands with shallow groundwater was suggested for irrigation water-saving and improving the land’s productivity. Considering the possible trade-offs with water availability in large-scale afforestation, our study predicted the impacts on water balance components in the lower reaches of the Amudarya River to facilitate afforestation planning using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The land-use scenarios used for modeling analysis considered the afforestation of 62% and 100% of marginally productive croplands under average and low irrigation water supply identified from historical land-use maps. The results indicate a dramatic decrease in the examined water balance components in all afforestation scenarios based largely on the reduced irrigation demand of trees compared to the main crops. Specifically, replacing current crops (mostly cotton) with trees on all marginal land (approximately 663 km2) in the study region with an average water availability would save 1037 mln m3 of gross irrigation input within the study region and lower the annual drainage discharge by 504 mln m3. These effects have a considerable potential to support irrigation water management and enhance drainage functions in adapting to future water supply limitations.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Future Climate and Land Use/Land Cover Change Impacts on Water Resources

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Nick Martin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Weather Generator ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Lulc Change

Climate and land use and land cover (LULC) changes will impact watershed-scale water resources. These systemic alterations will have interacting influences on water availability. A probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) framework for water resource impact analysis from future systemic change is described and implemented to examine combined climate and LULC change impacts from 2011–2100 for a study site in west-central Texas. Internally, the PRA framework provides probabilistic simulation of reference and future conditions using weather generator and water balance models in series—one weather generator and water balance model for reference and one of each for future conditions. To quantify future conditions uncertainty, framework results are the magnitude of change in water availability, from the comparison of simulated reference and future conditions, and likelihoods for each change. Inherent advantages of the framework formulation for analyzing future risk are the explicit incorporation of reference conditions to avoid additional scenario-based analysis of reference conditions and climate change emissions scenarios. In the case study application, an increase in impervious area from economic development is the LULC change; it generates a 1.1 times increase in average water availability, relative to future climate trends, from increased runoff and decreased transpiration.

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