scholarly journals Iodine Intake through Processed Food: Case studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010-2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacky Knowles ◽  
Frits van der Haar ◽  
Magdy Shehata ◽  
Gregory Gerasimov ◽  
Bimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
The Russian Federation

The current performance indicator for universal salt iodization (USI) is the percent of households using adequately iodized salt. However, the proportion of dietary salt from household salt is decreasing with the increase in consumption of processed foods and condiments globally. This paper reports on case studies supported by the GAIN-UNICEF USI Partnership Project to investigate processed food industry use of adequately iodized salt in contrasting national contexts. Studies were conducted in Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. In all cases, the potential iodine intake from iodized salt in selected food products was modelled according to the formula: Quantity of salt per unit of food product x minimum regulated iodine level of salt at production x average daily per capita consumption of the product. The percent of adult recommended nutrient intake for iodine potentially provided by the average daily intake of bread and frequently consumed foods and condiments was from 10% to 80% at the individual product level. The potential contribution to iodine intake from the use of iodized salt in the processed food industry is of growing significance. National USI strategies should encourage co-operative industry engagement and include regulatory monitoring of iodized salt use in the food industry in order to achieve optimal population iodine status.

scholarly journals Iodine Intake through Processed Food: Case Studies from Egypt, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 2010–2015

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacky Knowles ◽  
Frits van der Haar ◽  
Magdy Shehata ◽  
Gregory Gerasimov ◽  
Bimo Bimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253590
Author(s):  
Saipin Chotivichien ◽  
Nuntaya Chongchaithet ◽  
Pattamaporn Aksornchu ◽  
Nuntachit Boonmongkol ◽  
Pattama Duangmusik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Fish Sauce ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food

Iodization of food grade salt has been mandated in Thailand since 1994. Currently, processed food consumption is increasing, triggered by higher income, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, which affects the source of salt and potentially iodized salt among the population. However, adequate information about the use of iodized salt in processed foods in Thailand is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess iodine intake through salt-containing processed foods and condiments which were identified using national survey data. Potential iodine intake from iodized salt in food products was modelled using consumption data and product salt content from food labelling and laboratory analysis. Fish sauce, soy sauce and seasoning sauces (salty condiments) have alternative regulation allowing for direct iodization of the final product, therefore modelling was conducted including and excluding these products. Daily salt intake from household salt and food industry salt (including salty condiments) was estimated to be 2.4 g for children 0–5 years of age, 4.6 g for children 6–12 years of age, and 11.5 g for adults. The use of iodized salt in processed foods (excluding salty condiments) met approximately 100% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) for iodine for non-pregnant adults and for children 6 to 12 years of age, and 50% of the EAR for iodine for children aged 0 to 5 years of age. In all cases, iodine intake from processed food consumption was greater than from estimated household iodized salt consumption. Findings suggest that iodized salt from processed foods is an important source of iodine intake, especially in adults. The use of iodized salt by the food industry should be enforced along with population monitoring to ensure sustainability of optimal iodine intake. Currently, the addition of iodine into fish sauce, soy sauce and seasoning sauces has an important role in achieving and sustaining optimal iodine intake.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE ROLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION IN ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Krupko
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agriculture And Food

This article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the role of the Voronezh region in ensuring food security of the Russian Federation, the features are analyzed and trends in the development of agriculture and food industry in the region are identified, as well as directions for increasing the level and sustainability of food production

scholarly journals Systems Approach to Eastern Baltic Coastal Zone Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3102
Author(s):  
Eglė Baltranaitė ◽  
Ramūnas Povilanskas ◽  
Kęstutis Dučinskas ◽  
Raimonds Ernšteins ◽  
Hannes Tõnisson
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Relying on the results of multivariate analysis of the re-analysis case studies from the BaltCoast project, specific features of integrated coastal management (ICM) approaches in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation are highlighted in this paper. Eleven Eastern Baltic ICM case studies have been re-analyzed in-depth, which was the main focus of the present paper, covering a wide range of coastal landscapes, themes, policy issues, and ICM approaches. Five principal components explaining 84.86% of the total variance of ICM factor scores have been elicited by calculating rotation sums of squared loadings: (1) Stakeholder Involvement; (2) Research Base; (3) Planning Consistency; (4) Policy Environment, and (5) Development of Plans/Strategies. A truly dedicated involvement of a wide range of stakeholders throughout all process stages showed to be critical for further successful advance of ICM processes and principles based on the systems approach in the Baltic States and the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders and effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis among the population of reproductive age living in Saint Petersburg

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
D. E. Soboleva ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
E. A. Ter-Oganesyants
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the study is the assessment of iodine status and effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis among the population of reproductive age. In this regard, we examined 200 individuals from 18 up to 44 years old living in Saint Petersburg for more than 3 years permanently. Most of the examined individuals had mild iodine deficiency, less than half of people of reproductive age (46 %) used iodized salt at home. Goiter was found by palpation in 8 % of participants. More than half of the surveyed individuals are women of reproductive age who are at risk for the development of iodine deficiency disorders. Our data reflect an unfavorable situation in fight against iodine deficiency disorders in Saint Petersburg. Probably, the voluntary model of using iodized salt as the prevention of iodine deficiency in the Russian Federation is not effective enough.

scholarly journals Digital Art: A Sourcebook of Ideas for Conceptualizing New Practices, Networks and Modes of Self-Expression

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Vlad Strukov
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Digital Art ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
The Russian Language

AbstractThe chapter traces the evolution of digital art produced in the Russian Federation and in the Russian language by critically considering a number of case studies and re-conceptualizing historical periods. It takes into account technologies, institutions, individual artists and artistic networks, and modes of presentation, appreciation and re-contextualization. It contributes to the debates about the nature and focus of art in the digital era by assessing historical, economic and creative factors. It showcases how digital art might be understood as a particular medium, platform, network, aesthetic and function, and it also argues that digital art does not fit into those categories. Instead notions of transformation, scope and duration are used to account for new forms of artistic expression.

Processed Foods as an Integral Part of Universal Salt Iodization Programs: A Review of Global Experience and Analyses of Bangladesh and Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. S272-S280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Spohrer ◽  
Greg S. Garrett ◽  
Arnold Timmer ◽  
Rajan Sankar ◽  
Basanta Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Impact

Background Despite the reference to salt for food processing in the original definition of universal salt iodization (USI), national USI programs often do not explicitly address food industry salt. This may affect program impact and sustainability, given the increasing consumption of processed foods in developing countries. Objective To review experience of the use of iodized salt in the food industry globally, and analyze the market context in Bangladesh and Pakistan to test whether this experience may be applicable to inform improved national USI programming in developing countries. Methods A review of relevant international experience was undertaken. In Bangladesh and Pakistan, local rural market surveys were carried out. In Bangladesh, structured face-to-face interviews with bakers and indepth interviews with processed food wholesalers and retailers were conducted. In Pakistan, face-to-face structured interviews were conducted with food retailers and food labels were checked. Results Experience from industrialized countries reveals impact resulting from the use of iodized salt in the food industry. In Bangladesh and Pakistan, bread, biscuits, and snacks containing salt are increasingly available in rural areas. In Bangladesh, the majority of bakers surveyed claimed to use iodized salt. In Pakistan, 6 of 362 unique product labels listed iodized salt. Conclusions Successful experience from developed countries needs to be adapted to the developing country context. The increasing availability of processed foods in rural Bangladesh and Pakistan provides an opportunity to increase iodine intake. However, the impact of this intervention remains to be quantified. To develop better national USI programs, further data are required on processed food consumption across population groups, iodine contents of food products, and the contribution of processed foods to iodine nutrition.

Liminal Warfare

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-166
Author(s):  
David Kilcullen
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Political Warfare ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter discusses Russian evolution and adaptation since the Cold War, surveys the post-Soviet military evolution of Russian forces, offers case studies of the Norwegian-Russian border and the Russo-Georgian War of 2008, introduces and analyzes the concept of liminal warfare as practiced by Russia, and discusses the “Gerasimov doctrine,”, reflexive control, and Russian political warfare methods, including those allegedly used during the 2016 US presidential election. It argues that, in recovering from its post-Cold War eclipse of the 1990s, the Russian Federation engaged in a process of adaptation under pressure, developing significantly more capable conventional and nuclear forces (especially after the Five-Day War of 2008 in Georgia) but also evolving a form of warfare, liminal maneuver, designed to offset US conventional dominance.

scholarly journals STATE LAW PROTECTION OF FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Елена Уматова
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
External Factors ◽  
State Law ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Further Development

The relevance of the article is due to the need for further development of the agri-food industry of the Russian Federation, taking into account the useful experience of other countries. Attention is drawn to the growing importance of the analysis of internal and external factors that weaken the food security of the Russian Federation. A great dependence on imports of basic food products is shown, which reduces the level of food security of the country, exacerbates negative trends in the Russian agricultural economy.

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