scholarly journals Trade Effects Based on Trade Equilibrium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Guo
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Factor Endowment ◽  
Cost Analyses ◽  
Domestic Output ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
The World ◽  
A Chain

The Rybczynski theorem describes the trade effect within production analyses between factor endowments and outputs. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem focuses on cost analyses between factor reward and commodity price. This paper examines the trade effect of changes of factor endowments on prices, based on general equilibrium. The study shows that changes of factor endowments cause domestic output changes (the Rybczynski effect), which affect output prices and factor prices (the Stolper-Samuelson effect). It is like a chain of effects that the Rybczynski’s trade effect triggers the Stolper-Samuelson’s trade effect. The analysis of this paper shows that a small increase of a factor endowment of any country rewards another factor and the commodity using the latter factor intensively. It displays a tuneful circle. Trade brings a well-balanced development to the world.

scholarly journals Trade Effects Based on Trade Equilibrium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Price ◽  
Factor Price ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Effects ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Relationship

The Rybczynski theorem describes the relationship between commodities and factor supplies, holding output price. By releasing holding commodity price, this paper introduces the trade effects of changes of factor endowments both on factor price and on commodity price. This is a study based on trade equilibrium. Technically, the study shows that change of factor endowments lead to a chain effect that Rybczynski’s trade effect triggers the Stolper-Samuelson’s trade effect. The analysis of this paper shows that economic activities, such as the change of factor endowments of any factor of any country reward another factor domestically and internationally. This is a tuneful circle. Trade brings a well-balanced development to the world.

Growth, Factor Endowment and Trade of India - A Review of Literatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Shri Prakash ◽  
Ms. Sonia Anand
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Factor Endowment ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Relative Factor

The factor endowment theorem better known as the Heckscher - Ohlin Theorem has been much been researched topic in the arena of International Trade. The H-O theorem envisages that trade between different countries is caused due to differences in relative factor endowments of those countries. H-O theorem is a theorem of long term general equilibrium in which the two factors are mobile between sectors. Leontief was the first to find that despite the fact that the USA was capital-abundant country it was exporting labour-intensive products. This clearly indicated factor reversal in the case of USA and popularly came to be known as Leontief paradox. This very study instigated the researchers all over the world to test H-O theorem for other countries. This paper is an attempt to review literatures related to the studies on growth, factor endowment and trade of India.

scholarly journals Commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Amalia Morales-Zumaquero
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
Pass Through

AbstractThis paper analyses the commodity price pass-through along the pricing chain for the global commodity price index and the indices of its main categories (i.e., agricultural raw materials, food and beverages, energy and metals) in the world, advanced and emerging economies. To do so, the study considers country-by-country vector autoregression models and pool the results by taking weighted means for 18 advanced economies and 19 emerging countries, as well as for the world (defined as the sum of advanced and emerging economies). The results show the following: (i) there is evidence in favour of partial pass-through from commodity prices to producer prices, although the evidence for the pass-through to consumer prices is less evident; (ii) the pass-through in the world seems to be led by both advanced and emerging countries for producer prices and only by advanced economies for consumer prices; (iii) higher prices in the four categories (agricultural raw materials only in the short-run) induce significant higher producer prices in almost all cases, with shocks in the prices of energy and metals showing the largest effects; and (iv) energy prices explain the highest variability of producer and consumer prices.

scholarly journals Evolution of environmental management concepts in terms of global environmental challenges

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
The World

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the economic development of civilization in the 21st century is accompanied by numerous environmental and social challenges that scientists around the world are constantly working on. Technogenic and natural disasters that occur on the planet are associated with climate change, which in turn, a significant number of researchers and world leaders believe is a consequence of economic activity. The subject of research of the article is the concept of sustainable development, which actually includes these three aspects: economic, social and environmental.. The goal is the evolution of the concepts of nature use in the context of global environmental challenges and their practical use in countries around the world. The objective is to research the concept of sustainable ecologically balanced development of the national economy. General scientific methods are used, such as system analysis. The following results were obtained: the transition to sustainable development has led to the emergence of numerous concepts of its implementation in the area of addressing sustainable use of natural resources. The theoretical substantiation of such in terms of the laws of thermodynamics is simply impossible, as well as the invention of "perpetual motion". However, the use of inexhaustible energy sources (such as thermonuclear, solar, geothermal, tidal, etc.) and renewable biological resources (transgenic, cloning, etc.) allows us to talk about the possibility of theoretical justification for sustainable ecologically balanced development. At the same time, relative, since this nature use is possible only within use) of the limits of balance in profit and expenditure (reproduction natural resources). Conclusions: implementation of sustainable development is possible only in the form of sustainable eco-balanced development based on rapidly renewable biological resources and the use of practically inexhaustible energy sources, as well as the use of high technologies. Such development can provide a solution to economic, social and environmental problems with the preservation of the natural complex.

scholarly journals Supranational Currency Regulation: Theoretical and Practical Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
A.V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Monetary Integration ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Monetary Cooperation ◽  
The World ◽  
Currency Cooperation ◽  
Fully Functioning

Subject. The article deals with the issues of supranational currency regulation, deeming it a prerequisite for the return of the world economy to a sustainable, confident and balanced growth path. Objectives. The article aims to study theoretical and practical approaches to the organization of supranational monetary cooperation of sovereign States at the global and regional levels. Methods. For the study, I used scientific methods of systems approach, analogy, modeling, and abstraction. Results. The article shows that in current conditions of development of the world economy the euro, being the only fully functioning project of supranational monetary integration, has not yet created conditions for the participating countries for harmonious and stable development. The practice of transferable ruble circulation proved the possibility of simultaneous expansion of mutual trade and balanced development of all participants of supranational currency cooperation. Conclusions and Relevance. To enter a new level of supranational currency cooperation, sovereign States are required to develop an integrated approach to solving a number of economic, technical and political problems. The results of the research can be useful in the development of theoretical and practical approaches to supranational currency regulation.

scholarly journals Consuming Production: Anime’s Layers of Transnationality and Dispersal of Agency as Seen in Shirobako and Sakuga-Fan Practices

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevie Suan
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
Fan Practices ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
Media Form ◽  
Media Mix ◽  
Alternative Reading

As an alternative reading of anime’s global consumption, this paper will explore the multiple layers of transnationality in anime: how the dispersal of agency in anime production extends to transnational production, and how these elements of anime’s transnationality are engaged with in the transnational consumption of anime. This will be done through an analysis of Shirobako (an anime about making anime), revealing how the series depicts anime production as a constant process of negotiation involving a large number of actors, each having tangible effects on the final product: human actors (directors, animators, and production assistants), the media-mix (publishing houses and manga authors), and the anime media-form itself. Anime production thus operates as a network of actors whose agency is dispersed across a chain of hierarchies, and though unacknowledged by Shirobako, often occurs transnationally, making attribution of a single actor as the agent who addresses Japan (or the world) difficult to sustain. Lastly, I will examine how transnational sakuga-fans tend to focus on anime’s media-form as opposed to “Japaneseness”, practicing an alternative type of consumption that engages with a sense of dispersed agency and the labor involved in animation, even examining non-Japanese animators, and thus anime's multilayered transnationality.

scholarly journals Assessing the Economical Efficiency of Intermodal Chains in Global Trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Bogusz Wiśnicki ◽  
Dariusz Milewski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Different Parts

The paper relates to the development of intermodal technologies used in international trade, together with factors which will influence that development at present and in the future. The aim of the paper is to assess impact of the integration of intermodal chains on logistics costs and thus on global trade. The special emphasize is laid on the problem of the diversity of standards of containers and transport technology in different parts of the world. This research is based on the available statistical data and information obtained from leading logistics operators. The authors conducted comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of usage of different sizes of cargo units, both standard and non-standard, relating to representative intermodal chain between the USA and Europe. In order to assess different scenarios a model was elaborated for calculating the total costs of such a chain, and transport efficiency analysis with the use of this model were conducted. The results of research presented in the paper confirm that integration of intermodal chains thanks to standardization of loading units in a global scale could be profitable. The results of logistics cost analysis prove measurable benefits for logistics operators and as well as their customers.

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