scholarly journals Trade Effects Based on Trade Equilibrium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Price ◽  
Factor Price ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Effects ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Relationship

The Rybczynski theorem describes the relationship between commodities and factor supplies, holding output price. By releasing holding commodity price, this paper introduces the trade effects of changes of factor endowments both on factor price and on commodity price. This is a study based on trade equilibrium. Technically, the study shows that change of factor endowments lead to a chain effect that Rybczynski’s trade effect triggers the Stolper-Samuelson’s trade effect. The analysis of this paper shows that economic activities, such as the change of factor endowments of any factor of any country reward another factor domestically and internationally. This is a tuneful circle. Trade brings a well-balanced development to the world.

scholarly journals Trade Effects Based on Trade Equilibrium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoping Guo
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Factor Endowment ◽  
Cost Analyses ◽  
Domestic Output ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
The World ◽  
A Chain

The Rybczynski theorem describes the trade effect within production analyses between factor endowments and outputs. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem focuses on cost analyses between factor reward and commodity price. This paper examines the trade effect of changes of factor endowments on prices, based on general equilibrium. The study shows that changes of factor endowments cause domestic output changes (the Rybczynski effect), which affect output prices and factor prices (the Stolper-Samuelson effect). It is like a chain of effects that the Rybczynski’s trade effect triggers the Stolper-Samuelson’s trade effect. The analysis of this paper shows that a small increase of a factor endowment of any country rewards another factor and the commodity using the latter factor intensively. It displays a tuneful circle. Trade brings a well-balanced development to the world.

scholarly journals From Passport to Pennies: Theorizing the Effects of Dual Citizenship on Migrant Remittances

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Naujoks
Keyword(s):  
Economic Literature ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Dual Citizenship ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Relationship

Migrant remittances are critical elements of the economic development agenda in many parts of the world. Extending dual citizenship to emigrants has been suggested as government policy to encourage and stabilize migrants’ financial transfers. This essay theorizes the causal relationship between passports and pennies, or between citizenship policies and transnational economic activities, such as remittances. It reads the conceptualizations from a grounded theory study on the effects of status passages related to citizenship, as well as findings from economic sociology into the micro-economic literature on the determinants of remittances. Based on a study of India’s diasporic membership status, the Overseas Citizenship of India, the essay shows that four principal effects—the rights, identity, naturalization and good-will effect—affect various populations differently. The conceptualizations serve to generate empirically grounded hypotheses about the relationship between economic transfers and citizenship status, as well as to understand the underlying (and sometimes competing) mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Control of The Kadi and The Muhtesib on The Urban Guilds in The Ottoman Empire

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hefni
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The Relationship

Success of the Ottoman empire as one of the greatest, most extensive, and longest-lasting empires in the history of the world could not be released from the efforts of the government to organize the state throught establishment various institutions. Among them are judicials instititution such as kadi courts and Hisbah institutions which was led by a muhtesib. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship and the interaction between the kadi and the muhtesib in the Ottoman empire, and their historical roots in the periods before. The position of a kadi and a muhesib has existed in periods before the Ottoman empire. A kadi has existed since the Prophet Muhammad pbuh period. While, a muhtesib historically has began in the Greco-Roman agoranomos. In the Ottoman empire, both became important governmental functions. They had the power to pronounce decisions on everything connected with the sharî'a and the Sultanic law. They played roles in controlling urban life, its economic activities in particular. All the production and manufacturing activities in the cities that were carried out within the framework of the guild organization was under the control of the kadi and the muhtesib. For example a craft guilds and a creditor guilds.  

International Trade and the Skill Structure of Wages and Employment in West Germany / Außenhandel und die Qualifikationsstruktur von Löhnen und Beschäftigung in Westdeutschland

1999 ◽  
Vol 219 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Fitzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Factor Price ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Relative Product ◽  
Trade Effects ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBuilding on a Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson framework with factor price rigidities, this paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between trade, technical progress, and the labor market in West Germany for the period from 1970 until 1990. The analysis builds on relative product prices as the major transmission channel of trade effects on the labor market and allows for three skill types of labor. The major findings are that, relative to skilled labor, wages were increasing disproportionately both for low- and high-skilled labor whereas employment trends were favoring higher skill levels monotonically. Import competition as well as total factor productivity were increasing disproportionately in those industries using low- or high-skilled labor intensively. These results are consistent with trade effects dominating for low-skilled labor and technology effects for high-skilled labor while wage bargaining institutions were holding up relative wages of low-skilled labor. The combined effect accounts for the disproportionate increase of unemployment for low-skilled workers.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development of Society in the Context of the Transformation of the Legal Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Andrejs Vilks ◽  
Aldona Kipāne
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The socio-economic processes in the world and in Europe are highly dynamic and are aimed at a sustainable development of society. The sustainable and balanced development of society determines the need for the development of coherent and objectively justified elements of the legal system, including the creation of a new legal framework, the permanent reform of law enforcement authorities, and the use of national and international legal practices in socio-economic activities. At present the sustainable development of society is affected by a new socially unfavourable phenomenon COVID-19  that has a global impact on all regions of the world and almost all spheres of life. International organizations and national institutions must be responsible, courageous and determined in tackling the challenges of the crisis and in building a new generation. The global crisis can be a unique opportunity not only to successfully overcome its consequences, but also to ensure a transition to a fair, climate-neutral and digital sustainable Europe. In this context innovative thinking, successful use of modern technologies, transition to new models of social, economic, political and legal governance are needed. In general, this will contribute to the development of the sustainable society based on a full legal framework. Research aim: to identify the current state of the sustainable development of society, including the impact of COVID-19, by modelling the potential development of it, in accordance with the perspective of transnational socio-economic development. Research methods: study of legal literature and literary sources, the Internet resources, method of modelling, as well as descriptive and analytical methods.  Keywords:  COVID-19, sustainable development, crisis, society, the legal framework

scholarly journals The Impacts of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Behaviours in Mueang Khon Kaen District, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittithad Chaiongart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
General Information ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Khon Kaen ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Severe Recession ◽  
The Relationship

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is widely spread across the world. The COVID-19 lockdown policy has forced dine-in restaurants and cafes to close. Consequently, there is a plunge in the global economy into severe recession due to less economic activities. On the other hand, the demand for online food delivery services has increased during this period. As a result, the changes in consumer behaviours during the COVID-19 crisis are taken into consideration. Are the COVID-19 crisis and the changes in consumer behaviours related? Due to the new model of consumption, our study aims to observe and discern the relationship between COVID-19 crisis and changes in consumer behaviours. Data were collected by a questionnaire asking about participants’ general information, the impacts of COVID-19 on other relevant aspects, and the changes in consumer behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey samples, including the population in Mueang Khon Kaen District, Thailand, were randomly selected through a random sampling method with a total of 634 respondents (241 males, 380 females, and 13 others). Our results revealed that the respondents have been highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and their consumer behaviours have been changed significantly compared to the pre-pandemic period. Additionally, statistical analyses showed that there is a significant correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and the changes in consumer behaviours. This study could serve as a guideline of further studies about the COVID-19 pandemic and consumer behaviours, which can be appropriately adopted in the era for the new normal.

scholarly journals Commodity Price Shocks And Macroeconomic Performance In Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Ogunsakin Sanya
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Price ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Commodity Price Shocks ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between commodity price shocks and output growth in Sub-Saharan African countries using panel data which covered the period between 2005 and 2017. Data for the study were sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Data base of the World Bank, The IMF’S International Financial Statistics (IFM) and Publications of Central Banks of various countries selected. The study employed Generalized Movement Average (GMM) as the estimation technique. Findings from the study showed that positive changes in the prices of export commodities has little positive impact on macroeconomic performance in Sub-Saharan Africa while negative price change has negative and significant impact on macroeconomic performance in Sub-Saharan African countries during study period. Based on these findings, the study therefore concludes that the relationship between commodity price shocks and macroeconomic performance in Sub-Saharan Africa is asymmetric. The study recommends that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa should introduce and implement policies to withstand shocks that may come from commodity price shocks such as economic diversification not only in area of agriculture but also in the area of industrialization and manufacturing.

scholarly journals The Scope Taxation in Influencing Entrepreneurship: Historical Overview of Tax Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Anthony Ray Martin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Policymakers constantly face the challenge of aligning micro- and macroeconomic policies with the existing needs of the social, political and economic facets of their areas of jurisdiction. Given the pivotal role played by taxation in any economy, it is not surprising that many countries often turn to tax breaks as a method of easing pressure on existing enterprises with the hope of sparking investment. One common explanation for issuing such breaks is that taxation affects microeconomic decisions undertaken by organizations in terms of investments, innovation and job creation and policies of the existing tax regime directly affect opportunities for enterprises that may seek to venture beyond the boundaries of a taxation authority’s area of jurisdiction. However, empirically, the world of entrepreneurship is difficult to analyze. This is especially true when identifying the relationship between tax- promoted economic activities of entrepreneurs and the overall behavior of different businesses. This paper reviews the scope of taxation within the US’s economic policy through a historical analysis of the manner in which the Bush, Obama and Trump administrations utilized policy tools to shape the course of the country’s micro- and macro-economic conditions.

How can language be linked to economics?

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Zhang ◽  
Gilles Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
The Relationship

As the use of languages is playing a more and more important role in economic activities with the globalization of the world economy, there is growing interest in the relationship between language and economic theory. The rapidly expanding literature in this field, however, is highly fragmented. It is difficult to tell what this field of study focuses on, what has actually been investigated, and what remains to be studied. The authors attempt to review, assess and categorize the major orientations of the research on the economics of language. Those include a traditional strand of research that has focused on language and economic status, the dynamic development of languages, and language policy and planning, as well as a relatively new strand based on game theory and pragmatics. The authors propose the use of the term “Language and Economics” to define this area of research.

Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth in the Context of the World Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Kazakhstan’s economic policy results in 1995-2005 are considered in the article. In particular, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and some indicators of nation states - population, territory, direct access to the World Ocean, and extraction of crude petroleum - is presented. Basic problems in the sphere of economic policy in Kazakhstan are formulated.

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